1 . On an autumn afternoon, a remote sheep farm in southern Greenland is quiet. The silence is abruptly broken when dozens of sheep come thundering across the hills overlooking the farm. Walking after them are Lars Nielsen and his 37-year-old son Kunuk Nielsen.
The Nielsen family has owned and run the farm since 1972. Kunuk says the summers now are longer than when he was a child and that drought has become a problem. The fields are not so green as those in the old days. He has to buy hay (草料) from European countries.
The effects of a warming climate are obvious on the land. While he intends to struggle on, his older brother Pilu has chosen a different path.
Pilu, 40, lives in Qaqortoq in the south of Greenland -- a town of about 3,000 people. Ten years ago, he got his helicopter pilot's license and is now part owner of a small company called Sermeq Helicopters. It caters to construction and telecommunication workers and an increasing number of foreign tourists.
Pilu says he loves his family's sheep farm. But he saw that warming temperatures were making remote areas of Greenland more accessible and wanted to look for other opportunities. His company's most popular tours include a visit to Greenland's glaciers.
The warming temperatures are also affecting traditional ways of life, particularly hunting. The sea ice is changing; it's becoming less so that hunting on ice becomes more difficult. When there's no sea ice, it's difficult to use dog sledges (雪橇)，and the whole culture around having dogs and dog sledges and doing traditional hunting on the ice is sort of diminishing.
Besides, many Greenlanders, like Pilu, are leaving the countryside for towns and the capital city Nuuk, where opportunities are greater. A report found that Nuuk's share of Greenland's population grew from 17.2% in 1977 to 29.2% in 2014. If there were enough houses in Nuuk, the share would even be bigger.
1. What problem does Kunuk Nielsen's farm face?| A．Lack of workers. | B．Less food for his sheep. |
| C．Less space forhissheep. | D．Lack of foreign markets. |
| A．By casting a shadow on its business. |
| B．By making it hard for locals to earn a living. |
| C．By promoting the development of its tourism. |
| D．By making more remote areas suitable for living. |
| A．Occurring. | B．Operating. |
| C．Adapting. | D．Decreasing |
| A．Housing pressure. | B．Climate change. |
| C．Weakeconomy. | D．Poor living conditions. |
2 . All animals play. running, rolling and wrestling with each other is a way for them to have fun, of course. But it also seems to be how they communicate and strengthen bonds with each other.
When a dog comes up to another dog, front legs bowed and his tail high, his buddy knows he wants to play. But new research shows that this play behavior is surprisingly similar when horses and dogs play.
To study interspecies communication, Elisabetta Palagi and her colleagues from the University of Pisa found 20 YouTube videos of dogs and horses playing where their interactions lasted at least 30 seconds. They analyzed the videos, looking for specific pattern of play.
They found that while playing, both dogs and horses often had relaxed, open mouths-which is common playful facial expression in mammals. Some also copied each other's movements, like pretending to bite, playing with an object, or rolling on their backs on the ground. A 2,000-pound horse can play with a relatively tiny dog because the two are able to communicate their intentions.
"It's an important study because it shows how two animals who look and behave so differently can nevertheless manage to negotiate how to play in a way that's comfortable for both," Barbara Smuts, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Michigan, told National Geographic.
It's even more noteworthy given the large size difference between horses and dogs. The dog is vulnerable (易受伤的) to injury by the horse, and the horse has a deeply rooted tendency to fear animals that look like wolves."
Next up, the researchers write, is exploring the development and shaping of interspecies communication that “can be at the basis of a universal language of play".
1. What is the focus of Elisabetta Palagi's study?| A．Behaviors of mammals. | B．Animal facial expressions. |
| C．Inter species communication. | D．Differences in animal languages. |
| A．High tails. | B．Openmouths. |
| C．Relaxedlegs. | D．Hardbites. |
| A．They feel less comfortable around other species. |
| B．Horses are often at risk of being injured by dogs. |
| C．Dogs manage to overcome their natural fear for wolves. |
| D．They communicate despite physical and behavioral differences. |
| A．How dogs learn to speak to other animals |
| B．Horses and dogs-- more similar than different |
| C．Horses and dogs share universal play language |
| D．The development of inter species communication |
3 . For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out. What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging!
“Plogging” began in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word Jogging, which means to run slowly. A Swedish man named Erik, started the movement in 2016. On the World Environment
Day website, Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden each day he would ride his bike to work. Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands.
Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington, D.C. He often picks up trash while running outside. He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping. “I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping. And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run. And it helps clean up the neighborhood,” he announced.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Cities around the world now hold logging events, “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground. We have containers seems on every block. So, it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans. I just think people should think about it a little bit more. I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging.” said an interviewee.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”?| A．called on people to join him. | B．appealed to people to go green. |
| C．began to pick up the trash. | D．had the collected trash recycled. |
| A．Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment. |
| B．Plogging is an easy way to clean the environment. |
| C．It doesn’t make any sense to joy without picking up trash. |
| D．It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging. |
| A．Jogging is truly beneficial. | B．Trash cans should be within reach. |
| C．Littering is not acceptable. | D．Communities should be kept clean. |
| A．New Exercise Enjoys unbelievable popularity |
| B．New Exercise Trend Also Helps Environment |
| C．Plogging — a Fashionable Way to clear waste |
| D．Plogging — an Exercise Originating in Sweden |
On March 31, the Eiffel Tower, one of the world’s most visited and recognizable places of interest, celebrated the 130-year anniversary (周年庆典) of its opening.
It was only supposed (认为) to exist for 20 years.Maybe Parisians decided it was
Tourists have a choice
We first saw the lost dog on a beach on Mahé, an island in the Seychelles, Africa. My kids, then six and eight, were building sandcastles, when he got closed and watched them. The next day he appeared on the entrance of our holiday cottage.
My husband Farid and I thought he was looking for food, but soon realized he just wanted company. He was shy, about three years old, with orange, fox-like fur, big eyes and a longnose. We called him Chell and after five or six days of him hanging about nearby, we became friends.
We posted a message online: was there somewhere that could take him in? Finally, we met Olga, a 19-year-old local with five lost dogs and a heart of gold, who agreed to take him in. Chell had only been w thus a week, but when Olga arrived and tried to move him from our cottage to her car, he refused, making himself heavy. Eventually we managed it and watched sadly as they drove off.
“Will we ever see Chell again?” my elder daughter asked, crying. “I guess not,” I said, not wanting to sugarcoat it. But months later, Olga phoned us to says he was moving abroad to study and would we like to take in Chell ourselves?
Of course, we took Chell home. It was cod, unlike the hot Seychelles, and he was afraid of most things: climbing the sirs, our other dog Kerstin (an ill-tempered female border terrier)—he even seemed afraid of himself He’d start to play, then stop suddenly, the rush of happy emotions frightening him. This was perhaps the most heartbreaking of all: a dog who couldn’t play.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Months later, the weather turned cold and we let Chell into the yard to see his first snow.
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At that moment I realized he was going to be OK.
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6 . Cats in ancient Egypt
Many of us love cats. They are beautiful, soft, clever and loving. The ancient Egyptians (埃及人) considered cats, also known as Mau, to be very important. They honored them with great respect.
For one thing, cats helped people by keeping their homes free of mice, rats, and snakes. Without cats Egypt could not have been the important graingrowing (谷物种植) center that it was.
The Egyptians loved cats so much that Bast, an Egyptian goddess, was pictured in the form of a cat. Bast appeared in artwork. She was the protector of the house. This idea made a special connection between cats and children.
The safety of all cats was of great concern to ancient Egyptians.
| A．There were good reasons for that. |
| B．Two types of cats appeared in ancient Egypt. |
| C．In grain fields, cats helped catch rats and mice. |
| D．They were able to help pick up the wounded birds. |
| E．There were even laws against getting a cat out of Egypt. |
| F．Anyone who killed a cat on purpose would be put to death. |
| G．That's why most Egyptian families had cats for good luck. |
I was still living in Peru when the earthquake happened. I had had a fight with my parents till midnight the day before because I thought they didn't understand me. Therefore, I was still sleeping in the afternoon. Suddenly. I was woken up by my dog barking at the shaking window next to me. Small quick earthquakes are very common. in Peru, especially in the coastal regions, so ignored it and tried to calm my dog so could fall asleep again. I had walked 4 steps from the sofa to get her when the whole wall-length window broke in front of me, huge sharp pieces falling right into the sofa I had been lying in just seconds before.
Fully woken up, I could hear what sounded like a million car alarms ringing from the ground. My parents were still at work, and I was alone in a 10-floor flat with a panicking dog running circles around me, so I forced myself to get it together. I lifted my giant dog in my and ran into the emergency stairs. just ran and ran until could see some street lights since the building had no emergency lights and everything was dark. When I finally rushed through the door of the hall, I could see the road below me breaking and trees shaking from their roots up.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡得相应位置作答。
I stayed in the streets for about an hour until my parents arrived.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________After the earthquake, I had a heart-to-heart talk with my parents.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 . Red pandas are native to the high forests of Asia. They are only a little bigger than a house cat and considered to be endangered. Scientists reported last month that not all red pandas belong to the same species. There are two different species of this animal, not just one, a study found.
The scientists reported finding major differences in three genetic markers between Chinese red pandas and Himalayan red pandas. Scientists identified the markers after studying DNA from 65 of the creatures. DNA carries genetic information for the development, growth and reproduction of living things.
Recording the existence of two separate species could help guide efforts for protecting red pandas, scientists added. “Chinese red pandas live in northern Myanmar, as well as southeastern Tibet, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. Himalayan red pandas are native to Nepal, India, Bhutan and southern Tibet in China,” the researchers said.
Researchers Yibo Hu and Fuwen Wei led the study. Their findings appeared in the magazine Science Advances.
Scientists had earlier suggested there were two species of red panda. But the new study was the first to provide the genetic information necessary to allow such a judgment. International experts guess a total population of around 10,000 red pandas in the wild. The two species differ in color and skull shape. The Himalayan red panda is the less of the two.
Major threat stored pandas include deforestation and habitat loss. While they have similar names, red pandas and giant pandas are not closely related. Giant pandas are one of the world’s eight bear species. Red pandas are sometimes called living fossils because they have no close living relatives. They are the only remaining member of their mammalian family.
1. What played a key role in telling the two kinds of red pandas apart?| A．Life habits. | B．Body sizes. |
| C．Living places. | D．High technology. |
| A．It proved a nearly guess. | B．It figured out the number of red pandas. |
| C．It found two similar species of red panda. | D．It proved one species of red pandas was endangered. |
| A．The red panda’s habitat needs changing. | B．Red pandas and pandas have little in common. |
| C．Red pandas are one of the world’s bear species. | D．Red pandas are less than pandas in number. |
| A．Red Pandas Are Mistaken for Giant Pandas |
| B．Red Pandas Are Becoming Endangered |
| C．Red Pandas Have Actually Two Different Species |
| D．Red Pandas Are More Precious than Giant Pandas |
1. Which state is the nearest to Alaska?
| A．Texas. | B．Hawaii. | C．Washington. |
| A．Individual people. | B．Several businesses. | C．The U.S. government. |
| A．Alaska. | B．California. | C．New York. |
| A．There are many dangerous wild animals. |
| B．There are not enough roads. |
| C．The weather differs a lot. |
10 . The idea that having narrow local focus leaves little room for anything but a selfish mindset is a misconception, according to a new study that found that concern for local affairs could help with global environmental conservation.
You might have heard of NIMBY which means “not in my back yard” and describes an individual or group opposed to a new addition to the neighborhood, typically a factory, roadway or power station. Nimbyism and parochialism(眼界狭小), which is a focus on a local area, can go hand in hand, and there are concerns that parochialism paves the way for prejudice, narrowmindedness, and selfishness.
But researchers found the exact opposite to be true in a new study published. The researchers argue that positive parochialism can inspire a larger awareness of global environmental problems and encourage people to action.
“We did not find evidence that parochialism was necessarily negative and inward -looking,” said Patrick, a researcher for the study. “It can be those things, but there's no necessary conflict between feeling connected to your local area and feeling connected to the wider world. ”
For the study, the researchers reviewed documents from the 1987 Parish Maps project. The researchers showed how the Parish Maps project also demonstrated a passion for the environment and conservation. The researchers say that the Parish Maps project is a strong example of “positive parochialism”, and shows that thinking locally can influence a global mindset.
“For a long time, it has been generally agreed that if we want people to think about global affairs they need an international worldview-but this may not be the case,” said Patrick. “Given where we are now in terms of trying to encourage people to make changes to help the environment, positive parochialism offers something that has been overlooked.”
1. Which behavior can best illustrate NIMBY?| A．Criticizing a friend for his selfish action. |
| B．Accepting a proposal beneficial to locals. |
| C．Supporting a neighborhood construction plan. |
| D．Objecting to building an airport in the neighborhood. |
| A．To explain how to protect the environment. |
| B．To offer an example of positive parochialism. |
| C．To encourage people to take part in the project. |
| D．To stress the importance of global mindset. |
| A．Appreciative. | B．Cautious. | C．Negative. | D．Puzzled. |
| A．Parochialism, a better practice? |
| B．International view, more popular? |
| C．Thinking locally, acting globally |
| D．Bigger thinking, better environment |
