1.野生动植物濒危的原因;
2.拯救措施。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear everyone,
The topic of my speech is Rescue Endangered Wildlife.
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That’s all. Thanks for listening!
2 . From airplanes to apartments, most spaces are now designed with sound-absorbing materials that help decrease various sounds of everyday life. But most of the sound-absorbing materials that can cancel out human voices, traffic noise and music are made from plastic foams (泡沫) that aren’t easily recycled or degraded. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering have created a biodegradable film (薄膜) obtained from seaweed, which effectively absorbs sounds in this range.
Controlling and optimizing the way sound moves throughout a room is the key to creating functional spaces. Foam sound-absorbing panels are a common solution, and they come in a variety of materials and thicknesses tailored to specific sound requirements. Most of these foams, however, are made from a type of plastic material and other chemical substances that are obtained from natural oil or petrol. To avoid petrochemicals, researchers have explored more renewable sources and biodegradable sound-absorbing alternatives. But many current options are made from plant fibers that don’t effectively decrease noises in the most useful range of sound frequencies, or they are too thick or difficult to produce. So, Chindam’s team wanted to develop a biodegradable material from a plant, which would be simple to produce and could absorb a range of sounds.
The team created films of agar (琼脂), a material that comes from seaweed, along with other additives developed from plants and varied the thickness of the films. After running the materials through a battery of tests, the researchers measured how well the films reduced sound across a range of frequencies. To do this, the team created a sound tube in which a speaker is placed at one end, and the test film is fitted over the other end. Microphones in the middle of the tube measured the amount of sound sent by the speaker and the amount of sound reflected off the film. These experiments showed that the films with many small holes made with the highest concentrations of agar had the greatest sound-absorbing qualities and performed similarly to traditional sound-absorbing foams. The researchers plan to explore ways to change the agar films to give them other desirable properties, such as flame resistance, and will explore other biologically obtained film materials.
1. What is the disadvantage of plastic foams?A.They take up, too much space. | B.They cannot absorb sounds effectively. |
C.They cannot meet specific sound requirements. | D.They have difficulty achieving sustainable use. |
A.One obtained easily and effectively. | B.One produced toughly and tiredly. |
C.One developed from petrochemicals. | D.One made from plant fibers. |
A.The purpose of film research. | B.A series of tests on the new material. |
C.A tool of measuring the film thickness. | D.The difficulty of searching the new material. |
A.An Eco-friendly Sound-absorbing Material from Seaweed |
B.Plastic Foams: the Worst Choice of Absorbing Sounds |
C.A Tube for Measuring the Amount of Underwater Sounds |
D.Seaweed: a Better Sound-absorbing Underwater Plant |
3 . We have scenic beauty all around us, but looking around, much of it is covered with food packages, plastic bottles, and other rubbish. Despite warning signs and boards that constantly say “No littering here!”, people are unwilling to understand the significance of keeping public places clean. However, Khao Yai National Park in Thailand has taken an unusual step to make sure tourists clean up their own trash.
The park has begun sending trash back to the litterbugs (乱扔垃圾者) with a polite note saying “You forgot these things at Khao Yai National Park” to remind people that littering in public places is against the rules. Mr. Varawut Silpa-archa, minister of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand, posted a series of pictures on Facebook related with the new step. He posted a picture of a trash-filled box that was ready to be shipped with the words—“YOUR TRASH—WE’LL SEND IT BACK TO YOU.”
Varawut explained that throwing about trash could endanger wild animals, which might eat it by mistake when searching for food. He said littering in the park could carry a fine of up to 500,000 Thai Baht (about $16,000 U.S. dollars), a prison sentence of up to five years, or both. And the offending (违法的) visitors will also be banned from returning to the park.
The officials matched the trash to its owners by taking address details from the camping equipment rental forms. To make the process easier, people will be allowed to enter the park only after writing down their address.
“We think Khao Yai National Park’s new step has made a great contribution to maintaining our country’s natural resources,” Charinya Kiatlapnachai, director of the tourism authority of Thailand, told The Washington Post. “This gesture is an effective way to ensure we all do our part to help our country remain clean, safe and beautiful.”
1. What is the new step of Khao Yai National Park to control littering?A.Reporting litterbugs to the police. |
B.Forcing litterbugs to clean up the park. |
C.Posting photos of litterbugs on Facebook. |
D.Warning and returning the litterbugs trash. |
A.Their behavior will be exposed in social media. |
B.They will not be allowed to visit the park again. |
C.They could be charged up to 500,000 U.S. dollars. |
D.They could be sentenced to over 5 years in prison. |
A.By referring to their rental forms. |
B.By viewing cameras inside the park. |
C.By matching finger prints on the trash. |
D.By contacting them through email. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Supportive. | C.Objective. | D.Unclear. |
4 . Dogs Trained to Find Endangered Animals
Many dogs are very hard - working animals. They have been helping people for thousands of years. Dogs protect our homes. They help people with disabilities. They team up with rescue workers in search -and - rescue operations. And now, dogs can add another job to their resumes—finding endangered animals! The official title for this kind of work is conservation detection dog.
Luke Edwards is a dog owner and trainer. He is training two border collies (边境牧羊犬), named Rubble and Uda, to become conservation detection dogs.
He says that border collies are good for this kind of work because they have a great, sense of smell. The dogs also have great stamina—the mental and physical strength to work long hours .
Recently, the dogs went on their most difficult job yet - finding the Baw Baw frog. This frog is one of Australia ‘ s most endangered animals.
The work is difficult mainly because of the search area. Just to get to the place where the frogs live. the dogs and their trainers must walk far distances through alpine(高山)forests . It is difficult but important work.
A deadly fungus (真菌)has killed nearly all of Australia’s Baw Baw frogs. In fact, scientists say these creatures could disappear in the next five to ten years.
Zoos Victoria is a group set up to protect wildlife. Conservation experts there claim that since 1980 the deadly fungus has killed off 98 percent of the Baw Baw frogs.
So. Zoos Victoria is trying to save the frogs. Experts there raise them and have them reproduce. They call it their captive breeding program.
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Many people like dogs. |
B.Dogs are very friendly to people. |
C.Some dogs are trained to help blind people and deaf people. |
D.Dogs have acted as a new role. |
A.Toughness. | B.Difference |
C.Description. | D.Explanation |
A.the distance is far away and the site is dangerous |
B.frogs don’ t make a call |
C.there is deadly fungus |
D.they mainly live underground |
A.A geography book. | B.Science fiction. |
C.Children’ s literature. | D.A book on animals. |
A.He was bitten by a horse. | B.He was bitten by a dog. | C.He lost his horse. |
6 . I'm from a fishing family. My grandfather was a fisherman, working out of Fano, the Italian town where I grew up and still live. I work from 7 p.m. until 11 a. m. with fishermen on the north Adriatic Sea. There are only six or so of us on board. At night, the fish are most active and we can avoid other ships.
The nets reach the sea bed for the catch but sometimes they also catch turtles that often die in the nets or on board. The net is designed to allow turtles to escapes it has a hole at the top they can swim out of. We call it “TED”. The TED aims at reducing the bycatch (误捕) of turtles. Turtles and some larger fish can leave through the TED, but the current (水流) holds most of the catch in the net.
I ensure that the net is working, and that the fishermen we're cooperating with can still catch enough for their livelihoods while protecting turtles. The work is part of research by the Cetacea Foundation, in cooperation with University of Pisa, where I'm a field researcher. It is financed by the LIFE programmer. I love this work. It means I'm not stuck in an office all day and instead can enjoy the ocean and work closely with people who live by the sea.
When my grandfather was fishing in the 1970s, there were more fish and more turtles around. At the foundation, we save 50-60 turtles a year, most of which are harmed because of fishing. If we can protect turtles by popularizing this device to fishermen all across the Adriatic, I'd see this work as a success.
1. Why does the author work at night?A.He is busy in the day. |
B.He can catch more fish at night. |
C.Fish are very active in the day. |
D.There are more ships at night. |
A.It doesn't reach the sea bed. |
B.It is helpful to catch larger fish. |
C.It is helpful to protect sea turtles. |
D.It catches large turtles. |
A.An excellent fisherman in Italy. |
B.A volunteer of Cetacea Foundation. |
C.A founder of LIFE programmer. |
D.A researcher of University of Pisa. |
A.He can stay in the office. |
B.He can work with fishermen. |
C.He can go abroad for sightseeing. |
D.He can get his father's help. |
7 . I went for a walk up to a local park and Chester was running about. Suddenly, two dogs appeared, attacking him. He got
My family had almost lost
And it’s easy to see why. Can you
Having saved hundreds of dogs, the method is clearly
Erica’s drone has helped create countless happy
A.concerned | B.annoyed | C.scared | D.confused |
A.speak for | B.focus on | C.turn to | D.adapt to |
A.sick | B.gone | C.injured | D.stuck |
A.attitude | B.contact | C.track | D.hope |
A.impressions | B.signals | C.experiments | D.behaviors |
A.Besides | B.However | C.Therefore | D.Otherwise |
A.family | B.job | C.chance | D.dog |
A.location | B.company | C.adventure | D.arrangement |
A.particular | B.familiar | C.successful | D.suitable |
A.spot | B.explore | C.concentrate | D.rescue |
A.forbidding | B.allowing | C.ordering | D.warning |
A.challenging | B.improving | C.working | D.surviving |
A.apply | B.wish | C.answer | D.charge |
A.reunited | B.recognized | C.requested | D.admired |
A.destinations | B.solutions | C.goals | D.endings |
8 . The worsening air quality in tropical(热带的) cities is causing ever greater threats to people’s health and this trend will only get worse as the urbanization(城市化) is progressing quickly, scientists have warned. In a newly published study, a team of researchers explain that across all the 46 cities they surveyed from Africa to Asia, they have measured significant annual increases in pollutants harmful to health.
This trend is troubling as tropical cities usually lack proper air pollution monitoring measures and policies to deal with the problem. “These cities are predicted to reach populations of up to 80 million people by 2100, so actions targeting human-related pollution are badly needed,” the scientists stress.
Already the number of people dying prematurely(过早地) from long exposure to air pollution has been on the increase and people living in cities in South Asia are the worst affected. In Dhaka, Bangladesh, some 24, 000 people die of such causes each year while around 100, 000 people die in Indian cities such as Mumbai, Bangalore etc.
“The number of deaths in tropical cities in Africa is still lower due to recent improvements in health care there. But the worst effects of air pollution on health will likely occur in the coming decades,” the scientists say.
The reasons for worsening air quality in tropical cities lie in increasing road traffic, waste burning, and the widespread use of coal and wood. Industry is also partly to blame. “Open burning for land clearance in the past contributed most to air pollution in the tropics,” explains Karn Vohra, an author of the study. “Our analysis suggests we’re entering a new age when some cities experience rates of air pollution in a year that others experience in a decade,” Vohra warns.
1. What is the function of the numbers mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To show the negative effect of urbanization. |
B.To warn people to limit their time of going out. |
C.To remind people to pay attention to their health. |
D.To display the seriousness of air pollution in some tropical cities. |
A.The fast-paced urbanization. |
B.The improvements in health care. |
C.The proper policies dealing with air pollution. |
D.The effective air pollution monitoring measures. |
A.Take responsibility. | B.Get affected. | C.Break down. | D.Check out. |
A.Air pollution is fast getting worse in tropical cities |
B.The growing population is speeding up air pollution |
C.Human activities lead to air pollution in tropical cities |
D.It’s of great importance to increase the use of green energy |
In southern China, there is a famous road
This road is sure
For the next few months, this road is not above the surface
10 . Professor Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian of the year, has created a solution to our massive trash problem: waste microfactories. These little trash processors (处理器)—some as small as 500 square feet— house a series of machines that recycle waste and transform it into new materials with thermal technology. The new all-in -one approach could leave our current recycling processes in the dust.
In 2018 she launched the first microfactory, establishing a model of recycling that enables businesses and communities to develop commercial opportunities while addressing local waste problems. A second one began recycling plastics in 2019. Now, her lab group is working with university and industry partners to commercialize their patented Microfactory technology. “The small scale of the machines will make it easier for them to one day operate on renewable energy, unlike most large manufacturing plants. The approach will also allow cities to recycle waste into new products on location, avoiding the long, often international, high-emission journeys between recycling processors and manufacturing plants. With a microfactory, gone are the days of needing separate facilities to collect and store materials, extract (提取) elements and produce new products,” says Sahajwalla.
Traditionally, recycling plants break down materials for reuse in similar products-like melting down plastic to make more plastic things. Sahajwalla’s invention advances this idea by taking materials from an old product and creating something different. “The kids don’t look like the parents,” she says. Sahajwalla refers to this process as “the fourth R,” adding “re -form” to the common phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
Professor Veena Sahajwalla’s programs help to develop innovation and promote cooperation with industry, ensuring that sustainable materials and processes become commercially practical solutions for dealing with waste.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A.To introduce a new type of trash processor. |
B.To introduce the process of recycling waste. |
C.To prove the seriousness of the trash problem. |
D.To show the current situation of trash recycling. |
A.The founding of waste microfactories. |
B.The influences of waste microfactories. |
C.The advantages of waste microfactories. |
D.The shocking scale of waste microfactories. |
A.Extracting materials from the waste. |
B.Generating new materials with waste. |
C.Updating the whole recycling process. |
D.Transforming waste into similar products. |
A.A fiction novel. | B.A business report. |
C.A science magazine. | D.A chemical textbook. |