1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Imagine you are out fishing on the high seas - the wind and water are clean and comfortable and you begin bringing up your first catch of the day. That's when everything goes wrong. Your fishing nets are tangled up (缠成一团) in older, abandoned fishing tool, and you're unable to untangle them. Your equipment    1    (ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. They will die    2    you are unable to draw or free them. Ghost fishing has claimed yet another victim.

Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)    3     also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. In fact, lost fishing tool, or "ghost tool," is among    4    (great) killers in the oceans. This tool further reduces the already declining number of fish.

Environmental agencies estimate that 10 percent of all seawater litter is lost or deserted fishing tool    5    (equal) 640,000 tons every year. Fortunately, these agencies are asking why this is happening and what    6     be done to stop it.

It's not the intention of the majority of fishermen to lose their tool. In most circumstances bad weather is to blame. But in other cases fishermen throw their tool in the ocean on purpose, risking expensive fines. But to them, it's worth the risk    7    (free) up space onboard, cut fuel costs or avoid paying handling fees.    8     equipment loss is accidental or not, a strategy involving tool identification seems to be a practical solution.

By marking tool with electronic tags and utilizing GPS technology, owners are more likely to recover lost tool and less likely to abandon it. Currently, ownership regulations are reportedly very weak. Leading the effort for tagging fishing tool and creating accountability is the GGTI (Global Ghost Tool Initiative).    9     (launch) in 2015, the GGTI is the first organization of its kind. It's brought together an organization of governments, fishing-industry executives, seafood companies and non-profits. Their efforts to get back and recycle the tool    10    (improve) marine environment, protecting fish and fishermen's way of life.

Ghost fishing poses a serious threat to the fishing industry worldwide, and a global effort is needed to solve it.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．Harmful substances in the smoke from homes.

B．Damp chemical gases from factory chimneys.

C．Smoke from homes mixed with dust in the air.

D．Mixture of fog, smoke and other waste gases.

2.

A．Harmful gases rise and fall between layers of cold and warm air.

B．Smoke and chemical gases build up under a layer of warm air.

C．Smoke and waste gases remain near the ground as cold air pours in.

D．Thick smoke and gases blown by the wind pile up above warm air.

3.

A．Temperature inversion.	B．Solar radiation.
C．Automobile exhausts.	D．Foggy weather.

3 .

A．The electronic toy is unique.	B．The toy is safe for all users.
C．Plastic toys are of low quality.	D．The toy isn’t environmentally friendly.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．A naturalist.	B．A zoo specialist.
C．A TV reporter.	D．A nurse.

2.

A．They are gentle and shy.	B．They are long-armed man-eaters
C．They are good at smile from ear to ear.	D．They are fierce animals.

3.

A．Many species in the world may die out.

B．A good example can be followed to preserve wildlife.

C．Women are encouraged to work for zoos.

D．Our world is not safe today.

5 . You’re enjoying a delicious bowl of noodles or your favorite rice dish, chatting with your friends. Being the responsible person that you are, when you’re finished you clean up your table and throw away your garbage, including your disposable (一次性的) chopsticks. These chopsticks wind up in a landfill along with other chopsticks around the globe.     1     Turns out we can.

For those consuming Asian food, using chopsticks as eating tools is almost second nature. It has been estimated that 20 to 33 percent of the world’s population uses chopsticks on a daily basis. Not all of those are disposable, but no doubt many are. Estimates indicate that up to 80 billion disposable chopsticks are used worldwide every year.     2    

Enter Felix Bock, a doctoral student at the time in the forestry program at the University of British Columbia, Canada. Bock was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his girlfriend’s house filled with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea began to form in his mind.

Bock’s smart idea was to give a second life to disposable chopsticks by making them into home decorations. He tried to convince restaurant owners to install recycling bins in their restaurants. He also designed a method to clean and sanitize (消毒) the chopsticks so that they could be reused.     3     The square pieces were then artistically arranged into household and office products. Bock’s company, called ChopValue, has repurposed chopsticks into wall decorations, desktops, cutting boards and even table games such as dominoes (多米诺骨牌).

Since 2016 when the company was founded, ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy based on the typical take-make-dispose model, ChopValue seeks to create one that transforms waste into a usable resource. Bock states in an interview with Global Shakers, “Frankly, I’m frustrated by everyone trying to be sustainable when they are looking away from the visible things that we can do immediately with the materials right in front of us.”     4    

A．It doesn’t take an environmentalist to realize that this practice is not sustainable.

B．What do you think of this phenomenon?

C．Then he pressed them into square pieces and coated them with something sticky.

D．Hopefully, such issues could be resolved as soon as possible.

E．But what if we could recycle them?

F．Sometimes, as with chopsticks, those materials are right under our very noses.

6 . Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

IKEA, known around the world as a supplier of furniture and other home goods, is taking steps to protect the environment. By 2030 IKEA plans to be a circular business, one whose products can all be reused or recycled rather than thrown away. To achieve this goal, the company is redesigning all of its products. How can it design products that will last longer and be easier to fix and that people can recycle when they are finished with them? By answering these questions, IKEA hopes to improve the sustainability of its business model.

IKEA wants people to be able to repair its products rather than throw them away when something goes wrong. To accomplish that goal, the company is standardizing the parts, materials and colors that it uses. This means that if a part needs to be replaced, it will be easy to find. In the past IKEA has only offered spare parts for some products; now it is greatly expanding the number of spare parts customers can purchase. This makes it feasible for customers to repair their own furniture. IKEA is also redesigning the parts of its products that are most likely to wear out quickly.

To extend the life of its products, IKEA is trying to make their maintenance easier. It is also making its products easier to take apart and transport, so the furniture is less likely to break when being moved or changing hands.

Sometimes people replace their furniture not because there is something wrong with it, but because their needs have changed. So IKEA is also trying to help people keep furniture for a longer time by making it easy to modify. Some pieces can be expanded or reduced in size as family members and guests come and go. Others have covers that can be exchanged for different look.

But even with all these efforts, it is likely that certain products will eventually no longer be usable. At that point they can be remanufactured — the pieces reassembled (重新组装) into something new-or recycled. And IKEA is designing products to make these processes easier. The company is also working to reduce waste in other areas, such as packaging and food waste from restaurants inside its stores.

These efforts to reduce the number of IKEA products that are abandoned and thrown in landfills will help create a more environmentally friendly economy.

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7 . Finding Bigfoot

Cryptozoologists(神秘生物学家)have been trying to discover whether Bigfoot, a gigantic, apelike creature, really exists in North America. Many websites are dedicated to recording and investigating Bigfoot sightings. After following up on countless eyewitness reports, however, they have not yet been able to find solid proof.

For those enthusiasts who believe in the existence of Bigfoot, they’ve come up with various explanations as to why no Bigfoot bodies have been found. One theory is that in the vast uninhabited forests, nature quickly disposes of dead bodies. Some others believe Bigfoot lives between dimensions, spending only short periods of time in this dimension.     1    

In 1977, a Bigfoot sighting in northern Washington turned out to be a hoax(骗局)planned by three young men using gorilla suits and walkie—talkies.     2     Some websites even report that up to 80 percent of sightings have been confirmed as hoaxes.

    3     According to a recent poll, 1 in 10 American adults believe Bigfoot is a real animal. The creature has even inspired the naming of a medical company, music festival, amusement park ride and more. During the onset of the pandemic, it was even referred to on social media as the “Social Distancing Champion” as a part of promotion campaigns.

Some sociologists believe that society’s fascination stems from human interest in mystery, the supernatural, and loneliness.     4     It has much in common with the Australian yowie(野人)and the Himalayan yeti(雪人): an upright posture, shaggy hair and, of course, large feet. As so—called wild men, they hold a crude mirror up to our own species: What might Homo sapiens(智人)be like if civilization had not removed it from nature?

A．Bigfoot, in a sense, is a modern display of a human—wide cultural concept rather than a zoological(与动物有关的)reality.

B．This incident, coupled with previous hoaxes, caused the whole nation to completely lose interest in Bigfoot.

C．Given Bigfoot’s popularity, many are confident that it will shed light on scientific research on other similar mysterious creatures.

D．However, many scientists believe if it does exist, someone should at least be able to find a skeleton or fossil remains.

E．This makes some people think that other reports on Bigfoot sightings must have been faked as well.

F．Be it real or not, Bigfoot has already made a notable impact on American popular culture.

8 . The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see.     1    

Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope (望远镜) was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons.     

    2     Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.

Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers indeed all of us — the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.     3     It has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.

    4     Currently, China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.

A．The success of the Hubble has depended on teams of engineers, technicians, scientists, and astronauts working together on high performance challenges for the cause.

B．Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.

C．Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.

D．To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.

E．So much of the Milky Way remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.

F．Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from clouds of gas where stars are being born to new planets where we might find life.

9 . The market is ruled by supply and demand, and as a consumer you can have a huge impact on the ________ side of the equation (等式). If all of us make individual changes in what we buy and use, it can ________ up to a lot.

But reducing your own carbon emissions isn’t the most powerful thing you can do. You can also send a signal to the market that people are ________ to pay for zero-carbon alternatives. When you pay more for an electric car, a heat pump, or a plant-based burger, you’re saying, “There’s a market for this stuff. We’ll buy it.” If enough people send the same ________, companies will respond — in my experience, quite ________. They’ll put more money and time into making low-emissions products, which will ________ the prices of those products. It will make investors more confident about funding new companies that are making the ________. Without that demand signal, the innovations that governments and businesses invest in will stay on the ________. Or they won’t get developed in the first place, because there’s no ________ incentive (刺激) to make them.

Here are some specific steps you can take:

Reduce your home’s emissions. Depending on how much money and time you can spare, you can ________ your incandescent lightbulbs (白炽灯泡) with LEDs, insulate (使隔热) your windows, or replace your heating and cooling system with a heat ________.

Buy an electric vehicle. Although EVs are not suitable for lots of long-distance road trips, and ________ at home isn’t convenient for everyone, they’re becoming more affordable. This is one of the places where consumer behavior can have a huge impact: If people buy lots of them, companies will make lots of them.

________ a plant-based burger. I’ll admit vegetarian burgers haven’t always tasted ________, but the new generation of plant-based protein alternatives is closer to the taste of meat than before. Buying these products sends a message that making them is a wise investment. ________, eating a meat substitute just once or twice a week will cut down on the emissions you’re responsible for.

1.

A．market

B．consumption

C．supply

D．demand

2.

A．look

B．take

C．add

D．live

3.

A．agreeable

B．indifferent

C．reluctant

D．willing

4.

A．data

B．signal

C．word

D．request

5.

A．quickly

B．easily

C．steadily

D．neutrally

6.

A．push up

B．drive down

C．check out

D．settle down

7.

A．breakthroughs

B．conclusions

C．calculations

D．consequences

8.

A．office

B．field

C．trade

D．shelf

9.

A．possible

B．alternative

C．economic

D．efficient

10.

A．purchase

B．recycle

C．abandon

D．replace

11.

A．bin

B．pump

C．oven

D．cooler

12.

A．transporting

B．manufacturing

C．maintaining

D．charging

13.

A．Improve

B．Search

C．Try

D．Prohibit

14.

A．great

B．terrible

C．strange

D．original

15.

A．In brief

B．For example

C．In addition

D．By comparison

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How many natural Christmas trees did Americans buy in 2016?

A．Less than 35 million trees.	B．More than 10 million trees.
C．More than 24 million trees.	D．Less than 24 million trees.

2. What happens to most real Christmas trees after the Christmas season?

A．They are grown once again.	B．They are delivered to a tree farm.
C．They are safely stored away.	D．They are thrown away.

3. What happens to most artificial Christmas trees after the Christmas season?

A．They are moved to a landfill.	B．They are reused next year.
C．They are cut into pieces.	D．They are exchanged for real trees.