1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Carved from mountains in Yunnan province, the Hong-he Hani Rice Terraces reach over more than 160 square kilometers to create a most spectacular landscape.

Since ancient times, the local Hani people have channeled spring water from mountains and forests     1     (water) the terraced fields. Some terraces are as big as football fields, and others no larger than a bed sheet. They climb     2     riverbank locations at less than 500 meters above sea level to heights of more than 1,800 meters. The     3     (common) used description “stairways to heaven” is most suitable here.

However, the wonder remained largely unknown to the rest of the world for     4     (century). Nobody paid much attention to these terraces until     5     2000s. New roads arrived and the local government was determined to get the terraces     6     (place) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. This     7     (achieve) in 2013. Over the past decade, it has become impossible to keep such a wonder under wraps. Photography fans have crowded in, taking postcard-perfect pictures and then     8     (post) them on social media.

Although the terraces shine with bright green during the summer growing season, the landscape is most     9     (appeal) from November to late April. During this period, the water-filled terraces turn into natural mirrors     10     reflect every sunrise and sunset.

2 . Home to the world’s second biggest freshwater lake, as well as its longest lake, Africa hosts some of the best lakes on the planet. Here are some of our picks:

Lake Assal, Djibouti

Sitting at 155 meters below sea level, Lake Assal is in Africa’s lowest point. Its salt levels are 10 times greater than the sea. As such it is also the world’s largest salt reserve (储备量). Visitors will note there is no wildlife around due to its unfriendly desert climate and super salty water.

Lake Retba, Senegal

Photography fans will love Lake Retba for its breathtaking scenery. Also called the Pink Lake of Senegal, it is an impressive pink-colored lake. The color comes from a type of algae (海藻) that grows because of the large amount of salt in the lake. To see the lake at its most pink, you’ll want to visit during the November to June dry season.

Lake Turkana, Kenya

Lake Turkana is the largest long-lasting desert lake in the world, as well as its fourth-largest salt lake. Lake Turkana is most famous for the vapor rising out of the active volcano (火山) within it. A dream place for bird-watchers, it is home to hundreds of bird species that are only found in Kenya.

1. What makes Lake Retba pink-colored?

A．Its depth.	B．The desert climate.
C．Its amount of salt.	D．A certain sea-plant.

2. What is Lake Turkana most famous for?

A．The large size.	B．The unique bird species.
C．The sandy beaches.	D．The steam from the volcano.

3. What do the three lakes have in common?

A．They are saltwater lakes.	B．They sit below sea level.
C．They are rich in wildlife.	D．They share the same tourist season.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

World Wetlands Day, celebrated annually on February 2^nd, aims to raise global awareness about the important role of wetlands for people and our planet.

World Wetlands Day     1     (adopt) by the United Nations in 2021. It makes efforts     2     (realize) the long Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and deal with global issues related to climate and biodiversity (生物多样性) challenges. Now with seven years left for the SDGs, the UN is calling again to restore wetlands.

This year’s theme is “Time for Wetland Restoration,”     3     brings to attention the rapid loss of wetland systems worldwide. In just 50 years, 35% of the world’s wetlands     4     (lose) since 1970. Wetlands are disappearing three times     5     (fast) than forests and are Earth’s most     6     (threaten) ecosystem. Human activities that lead to loss of wetlands include construction, pollution, overfishing and so on. It is     7     opportunity for us to rethink and change how humans impact the environment.

While wetlands cover just 6% of the earth’s surface, they are home     8     about 40% of the world’s plant and animal species. Wetlands provide people with food and water, offering natural protection and     9     (serve) many other important functions.

Huge changes are needed to solve the climate and biodiversity crisis, yet there are small things we can all do to keep our wetlands and our wildlife     10     (health).

4 . For these four English boys, the hardest part about living on their own was their landlord’s (房东) NO-PETS policy. They had just moved into a shared apartment in Bristol, England and were _______ to learn that animals were not allowed.

When they saw an energetic young Labrador in the neighbor’s window, _______, they got an idea. The four friends quickly wrote a letter to the dog’s owner, expressing their _______ to let them play with the dog.

“If you ever need someone to _______ him/her, we will gladly do so,” they wrote. “If you ever get _______, we are more than happy to look after him/her. Our landlord won’t _______ pets, and we’ve all grown up with animals,” the letter read. “The adult life is a _______ without one.”

The roommates left the _______ in the neighbor’s mailbox. Surprisingly, they received a response directly from Stevie Ticks, the dog!

“What a pleasure it was to receive your letter,” wrote Stevie Ticks (as dictated by her owner). “It would be great if we could be friends. I must warn you that the _______ of my friendship is 5 ball throws a day.” To their delight, the neighbor was true to the word and the boys were ________ to play with the friendly 2-year-old dog.

1.

A．interested

B．amazed

C．disappointed

D．embarrassed

2.

A．instead

B．however

C．actually

D．otherwise

3.

A．thanks

B．decision

C．request

D．happiness

4.

A．buy

B．walk

C．adopt

D．rescue

5.

A．bored

B．confused

C．worried

D．ashamed

6.

A．love

B．raise

C．allow

D．exchange

7.

A．mess

B．risk

C．burden

D．struggle

8.

A．note

B．report

C．postcard

D．notice

9.

A．price

B．symbol

C．reward

D．memory

10.

A．needed

B．trained

C．advised

D．invited

5 . Climbers targeting peaks above 5,000 meters in the Tibet autonomous region, including the north side of Qomolangma, now have to apply for a permit, according to a rule issued by Chinese sports authorities.

To make climbing safer, or at least less deadly, the General Administration of Sport and the sports bureau of Tibet released a notification (通知) requiring climbers to send an application to the bureau at least a month in advance of their planned climb. It said climbing without permits will be strictly forbidden.

“In recent years, cases of injuries, missing people and deaths have been witnessed as a result of illegal climbing,” the notification said. “Climbing is a highly professional sport with high risk. Most illegal climbers lack professional skills, facilities and tour guides. Such activities will interfere with orderly climbing and bring risks, not only to the climbers themselves but also rescuers. They will also lead to a loss of personal or national property.”

Applications will need to detail each individual climber’s personal information, proposed climbing routes and related plans. Climbers are also being asked to obey related rules to protect mountain environments. The notification also urged regional government departments to strengthen safety checks and the prohibition of illegal climbing, encourage residents to join regular patrols near major climbing routes and promote public education on climbing safety.

In a previous interview with China Daily, Kul Bahadur Gurung, general secretary of the Nepal Mountaineering Association, said difficult weather conditions, lack of experience and support personnel, and the commercialization (商业化) of expeditions were the main reasons for the high death toll on the world’s highest peak. “Since the number of people reaching the summit of Everest is increasing, everyone thinks it is easier to climb and everyone can climb, which is a totally false idea,” he said.

1. Why is a permit needed for Qomolangma climbers?

A．To stop illegal climbing.	B．To provide training ahead.
C．To limit the number of climbers.	D．To collect climbers’ information.

2. Which word can best replace the underlined “interfere with” in Paragraph 3?

A．Test.

B．Change.

C．Replace.

D．Disturb.

3. What does Paragraph 4 focus on about the notification?

A．Its content.

B．Its purpose.

C．Its background.

D．Its impact.

4. What does Kul Bahadur Gurung think of the Everest climbing?

A．It’s a totally false idea.	B．It should be eco-friendly.
C．It’s highly professional.	D．It should be non-profitable.

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Mountaineering

Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains — it’s all about challenge and perseverance, putting hands and feet on rocks, ice, and snow, and finally reaching a summit. There, high above the world of cities and civilization, the climber can pause and look out over a world ruled by nature and its raw beauty.

There are three separate phases (阶段) of mountain climbing: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice technique. Each phase requires a different set of skills. Hiking is the essential element of all climbing. Mountain climbers must be able to walk long distances without tiring. Some of the most difficult hours of a climb are those spent hiking on the trails of a mountain’s lower slopes. Rock climbers must know how to use equipment to help them move up and down the rocks. Most importantly, rock climbers must know how to use their hands and feet to make a successful climb. Hands are used for balance, and feet are used for support. Good mountaineers must also be familiar with the dangers of ice and snow conditions. They must be able to tell hidden crevasses and also be aware of when and where avalanches might occur.

Mountain climbing is a risky activity where you may encounter various dangers. Don’t take lightly no matter how easy your chosen peak might seem. Looks can be deceiving. The mountains are filled with danger and drama. Thunderstorms quickly form and drench (湿透) you with rain and snow. Rockfall and avalanches sweep down mountain faces. Difficulties can slow you, forcing you to camp in the open. You or your climbing partners can have an accident, causing all kinds of problems.

Yet, despite all this, the mountains draw climbers who love the natural world and possess an adventurous spirit. To reach the top of a mountain peak is not always easy, but climbers do enjoy the joy of the climbing most. It’s at those precious mountain moments that you will remember Helen Keller’s words: “A happy life consists not in the absence, but in the mastery of hardships.”

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7 . Turf houses are, quite simply, half underground houses with a grassy roof. They date back over 1,000 years to the 9^th Century, when building a turf house was the traditional way in Iceland.

Iceland’s resources then consisted of plenty of wetlands and volcanic stone, but relatively little woodland compared to settlers’ home countries.     1    

Like many traditions, turf houses survived, but developed. In the 14th Century Viking-style longhouses (thin, long, shared spaces) gave way to individual, smaller buildings.     2     Turf houses made way to more modern, recognisable buildings in the 20th Century, but they still exist as museums and heritage (遗产) buildings today.

    3     Due to the difficult climate, it was essential that the houses should be well-insulated (保温). Besides, the lack of availability of wood and the richness of other suitable materials including lava rock and turf made turf houses available. Turf provides great insulation for buildings compared to those made of wood or stone alone.

From the turn of the 20th Century, Icelanders increasingly moved into larger city settlements, leaving turf houses behind.     4     Modern turf houses tend to operate as museums, though some offer short-term holiday accommodation.

While the number of turf houses in Iceland reduced greatly in the 20th Century, the rapid growth of Iceland’s tourism in the last 20 years or so has encouraged Iceland to reexamine the value of traditional buildings.     5     The Turf House Tradition was listed as potential nominees (提名) for UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iceland, which included just six places of importance.

A．Turf houses have great advantages.

B．The last residents moved out of their turf-houses around 1966.

C．There are two main reasons why turf houses were built in Iceland.

D．That’s why early Icelanders faced a shortage of building materials.

E．So, using stone and turf was a reasonable choice in building shelter.

F．A big step towards protecting this national heritage was made in 2011.

G．The late 18th Century saw the arrival of the turf house with wooden ends.

8 . Some of you may play Ant Forest, a game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow. When the “energy” reaches a certain level, some organizations and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area of China. And now it seems that the nation’s efforts as a whole to make a greener world have paid off.

According to a research by NASA, China and India are mainly responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers. That’s an area equivalent to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. It is mainly the result of big tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries, according to NASA. China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent to this increase, while India added 6.8 percent.

Over the past decades, China has made great efforts to green the land. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation project – the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has seen many trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in northern China to act as windbreaks, according to China Daily. By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions of the project had reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.

In the light of China’s success in dealing with desertification, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) believes the country is a good example for others to follow. “China is one of the most successful countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world,” UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.

1. Which of the following is the nearest meaning of the underlined word in para 2?

A．equal

B．similar

C．previous

D．absolute

2. What can be inferred from the text?

A．China is the most successful country in greening the desert.

B．Through Ant Forest, users can plant a real tree on their own.

C．China has made great contributions to greening the earth.

D．Most desert areas in China had been forests by the end of 2017.

3. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A research report

B．A magazine

C．A guidebook

D．A book review

9 . 阅读下面短文，完成后面的题目。

Going green is more than just a fad (一时的流行). Understanding the link between a clean environment and human life is not a new concept. In fact, it was noticed as early as ancient Rome and medieval Europe. However, it was only in the late 1960s that environmentalism grew to become a political and grassroots movement, influencing ordinary people around the world.

The movement has been able to influence governments across the world to be responsible towards the environment in a variety of ways, such as limiting the burning of fossil fuels and managing how harmful waste is thrown away.

Fast-forward to today and we see how green-living has entered so many areas of our everyday lives, from choosing the appliances that use less water and energy to using reusable bags instead of plastic bags and even buying clothes made from recycled sources. For many of us, making small environmentally-conscious decisions, such as bringing a reusable container to take away food, is how we change our normal habits one step at a time. However, there is a growing community of people who embrace a zero waste lifestyle and make great changes to the way they live to reduce their carbon footprint.

Living a zero waste lifestyle means doing one's best to achieve the aim of not sending anything to a landfill (垃圾填埋场). People who adopt this lifestyle cut down on their waste by reducing what they need and want. They reuse what they own and send few things to be recycled.

Despite what this movement is called, experts say true zero waste is difficult to achieve. This is because waste unavoidably comes about whenever an item is created, transported or repurposed (改换用途), either through emissions or energy. The idea, really, is to change mindsets and habits to lessen our negative impact on the environment as far as possible.

Going Green Origin: Date back to     1     and environmentalism became a political and grassroots movement     2     Impacts: Governments have been     3     Ordinary people have been     4     A growing tendency:    5     means producing absolutely no waste. However, it's unachievable because     6     Its real intention is     7

10 . Underground farming, as the name may suggest, is the practice of growing food underground.     1     Food can then be grown in stable, predictable and sustainable ways there.

Until recently, underground farming is a recent and important trend, but why? Because of its potential (潜力) and the benefits that it brings.

·    2    

It has been estimated that even if cities were to build rooftop greenhouses on every possible building and fill the parking spots with growing containers — it would only be able to reach around 5% of the crop requirements of the city.     3     Rooftop greenhouses, on the other hand, require buildings that have very large flat roofs and are strong enough structurally, yet most buildings simply don’t have that. That’s where underground farms stand out. They require less surface space and can be applied to almost any new building.

·Lowers Heating Costs for Building Above

Even the most efficient LED lights generate waste heat, which means that they heat up the farm, and for most modern indoor farms that's a major issue because not only energy is lost through lighting, but it's also required to cool down the farm.     4     Besides, people are working on ways to recycle the waste heat in order to help heat the building above and reduce its energy.

·Enables Farming in Unfriendly Environments

Obviously when going under a certain depth, the weather and environmental conditions of the surface have no effect on the growing environment.     5    

A．Replaces rooftop greenhouses.

B．Increases the urban farming capacity (容量).

C．Underground farms have a big advantage here.

D．It aims at creating stable underground environments.

E．Growing in cities is highly limited due to less empty space.

F．Underground farms can reduce that waste of energy as much as possible.

G．So it's possible to build productive farms in deserts and even mountainous areas.