1 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Human activity is     1    (true) altering the distances the world’s animals need to move to live, hunt and search     2     food, according to a study that examined the impact on more than 160 species throughout six continents.

All activities changed the behavior of animals, but the study found     3     (destroy) activities such as urbanization and cutting down trees affected the movement of animals less than occasional endeavors such as using aircraft, hunting and recreation.

As well as having a profound impact on the animals-like reducing their ability to feed and breed—the changes point to a global restructuring of animal movement     4     could have profound knock-on effects, says the study     5    (publish) today in the Nature Ecology and Evolution journal.

Dr. Tim Doherty, a wildlife ecologist at the University of Sydney, said it was already well known that humans affected the movement of animals, with thousands of studies     6    (tend) to focus on single species or activities, but the information was not enough.

When human activities forced animals to move further, for instance, when animals     7    (flee) hunters or had to negotiate roads or avoid skiers or campers, they moved an average of 70 percent further in     8     (respond). The research says, “Even     9     small change in movement can have big impacts on an individual, and when these costs accumulate across an entire population, reproductive rates and population viability (生存能力) may     10     (compromise).”

2 . 原文填空

Every living thing in nature struggles to survive. Most plants are     1     by animals and people, as well as by other plants, and may have to live in difficult conditions. Plants survive by     2     to life in different environments, and by competing     3     with other living things.

Over time, some plants develop features which help them to survive in particular conditions. Plants with helpful features are more     4     to survive and reproduce. Plants without these features often die out. The process is called natural     5    .

3 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The total floor area of Chain’s green buildings has been over 6. 6 billion square meters with the country’s efforts to promote high-quality development in urban and rural areas.

    1     (note)China’s achievements of green development in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiaohong, vice minister of housing and urban-rural development,     2     (stress)the difficult task of saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in urban and rural construction at a press conference on Monday.

The ministry will make continuous efforts     3     (increase)the proportion of green buildings, raise building energy efficiency standards and popularize buildings with extra-low energy     4     (consume)in regions with suitable climate conditions. It will also promote green renovation of existing buildings to improve energy efficiency and make     5     (low)carbon emissions.

China issued a guideline     6     supports green development in urban and rural areas recently. Institutional mechanisms and policy systems for green development in urban and rural areas will be     7     (basic)established by 2025, while green development will cover urban and rural areas     8     a comprehensive way by 2035, with     9     increased cut in carbon emissions, said the guideline.

The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take     10     (measure)to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities.

4 . Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.     1    , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.

What are indoor plants?

Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.     2    .

Why are indoor plants good for you?

Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “    3    . I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.     4    .

Which plants can you grow?

Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “    5    ,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”

A．All plants are different

B．Not only do they look beautiful

C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors

D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer

E．Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best

F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help

G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

5 . As an intense heat wave sweeps through China, residents are seeking relief in air raid shelters and swimming pools to stay cool, and dozens of cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou, have issued their highest-level red alert warnings. Shanghai has issued three red alerts this year, with the temperature hitting 40.9 Celsius on July 13, matching the record set in 2017 since 1873. The fact that Shanghai has experienced only 16 days of 40°C-plus temperatures since the city began keeping records in 1873 should give us an idea about the seriousness of the situation.

Medical experts say extreme heat could cause nausea (恶心), fatigue, sunstroke and even death, with senior citizens and people with long-term illnesses particularly vulnerable to heat waves.

Extreme heat events, which began a month ago, have affected the lives of more than 900 million people in China. Between June 1 and July 12, the average number of days with temperatures above 35°Cwas 5.3, up 2.4 days over normal years, breaking the national record set in 1961, according to the National Climate Center.

Parts of Europe are also in the grip of heat waves and experiencing extreme weather events after the western part of North America faced extreme heat waves last year. In response to the exceptionally high temperatures, the United Kingdom has declared a national emergency and issued the highest-level red alert warning for Monday and Tuesday for the first time. More alarmingly, the average global temperature in June this year was 0.4°C higher than normal years and the highest since 1979, with temperatures in countries such as Spain, France and Italy exceeding 40°C.

Unfortunately, extreme heat, which is directly related to climate change, will become more frequent and intense in the next 30 years, setting new records for high temperatures. As global warming intensifies, losses and devastation will increase, forcing natural and human systems to raise their adaptation limits.

1. What can we know about the heat waves this year?

A．It may cause more harm to the old and people with long-term illnesses.

B．The number of days above 35°Cin June breaks the national record.

C．Shanghai has experienced a higher temperature than that in 2017.

D．The whole Europe as well as America are suffering from the heat waves.

2. How does the author develop the text?

A．By analyzing and concluding.	B．By explaining and contrasting.
C．By giving examples and quoting.	D．By giving figures and comparing.

3. According to the writer, what is the trend of extreme heat?

A．Becoming more serious.	B．Remaining stable.
C．Staying unpredictable.	D．Getting controllable.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The solutions to the climate change.	B．The economic losses from heat waves.
C．The increase of severe heat waves.	D．The destructive effect of global warming.

6 . 根据汉语提示翻译句子，完成对澳大利亚的简介。

    1     (坐落于最小的大洲，澳大利亚占地面积为 7,692,024 km²) with a population of about 24 million.     2     (澳大利亚是一个气候干旱的国家，只有沿海几个地区有充足的降雨). It consists of six states, of which the New South Wales is the oldest one. Australia is famous for its huge open spaces and bright sunshine. Down by the sea,     3     (海浪的咆哮和海鸟的鸣叫构成了海岸的乐曲). Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals that can’t be found anywhere else in the world.     4     (坐拥大量的旅游名胜，澳大利亚吸引五湖四海的游客来此欣赏美景).

7 . Elephants are endangered animals because of efforts to hunt them for their ivory tusks(象牙).Selling ivory has been illegal for more than 30 years worldwide. So, 17-year-old Anika Puri was astonished to see a market filled with rows of ivory jewelry and statues on her visit to India 4 years ago.

Curious, Anika did some research and discovered a shocking statistic: Africa’s forest elephant populations declined by about 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers continue to drop. As a wildlife lover, Anika wanted to do something to help protect the animals still threatened by illegal hunting.

“Drones(无人机)are currently used to detect and capture images of hunters, but they are not that accurate,” Anika explained. However, after watching videos of elephants and humans, she saw how the two differed in their movements andspeed. She realized she could use it to “increase the detection accuracy of potential illegal hunters”.

Over the next two years, Anika worked on inventing a software, which can classify a figure as either an elephant or a human based on the speed, group size,how it turns and other patterns in videos.

The software is four times more accurate than existing detection methods and is much cheaper. It uses a $ 250 camera that plugs into a smart phone, which is then attached to a drone.The camera records thermal infrared(红外线的)videos using heat, not visible light. This allows the device to produce real-time inferences as it flies over parks as to whether objects below are humans or elephants, no matter in daylight or at night.

“Research isn’t a straight line or a smooth sailing,” Anika said. “It has made me more resourceful. It also helped me develop into a more innovative thinker. I have learned a lot along the way.”

1. Why was Anika surprised?

A．Elephant populations were small.

B．Elephants were losing their habitats.

C．Elephant tusks were illegally traded.

D．Elephants were an endangered species.

2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The speed.	B．The difference.
C．The work.	D．The software.

3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A．The low cost of the camera.

B．The flight pattern of the drone.

C．The components of the device.

D．The advantages of the software.

4. Which word best describes Anika according to the last paragraph?

A．Optimistic.

B．Tolerant.

C．Talented.

D．Curious.

8 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Sam was a junior high school student. He lived in a community in Charlotte and usually had little exposure to country life. So much of what he knew about plants came from text-books. Sam was a kind-hearted person. He longed for a chance to explore nature and he wanted to do his part to beautify the world.

Finally, the opportunity came. On Arbor Day (植树节), his class organized a trip to a local village to plant trees. Sam was excited about it and couldn’t wait to tell his mom the good news. So the next day, Sam and his mom went to buy some tools for planting trees, including a shovel(铲), a bucket, gloves and so on.

On the day of the event, Sam and his classmates arrived early at the starting point. It was a beautiful day and everyone looked particularly happy. With the tools in hand, Sam got into the bus with everyone else and headed off to their destination.

As soon as they reached the village, all the students were divided into three teams by their teacher. One team was responsible for planting the trees, one team for shovelling the soil and one team for watering the trees. At the teacher’s command, everyone started to do their job.

However, it was the first time that many of the students had taken part in planting trees, so they had no idea about how to start. Of course, Sam was one of them. Fortunately, their teacher was a middle-aged man from the countryside who had some knowledge of planting trees. In order to set an example to the students, the teacher started to plant trees himself. After watching the teacher plant the trees, everyone also became busy. Before long, they planted hundreds of trees. Sam watched very carefully, not wanting to miss any of the details. Finally, Sam learned how to plant trees by himself and felt happy.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A few days later, a storm damaged some young trees in the community.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The neighbours praised Sam for what he had done.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . Tiny sensors inspired by dandelion (蒲公英) seeds could be spread to the winds to help track of climate change and global warming.

As the climate crisis continues to strengthen, tracking changes in temperature and other environmental signals across a wide area is useful. But doing effectively requires distributing sensors throughout the environment, which can be time-consuming.

“We wondered whether it’s possible to build a system that can spread sensors in the wind, rather than having a person go out and place sensors alone, which can be dangerous in hard-to-reach places,” says Vikram Iyer at the University of Washington in Seattle.

Iyer and his colleagues used a laser-powered tool to make devices. Each one weighs 30 milligrams with a diameter of 28 millimeters, and has a number of small holes through which air can float in the air like dandelion seeds.

The devices carry tiny sensors, essentially a microcomputer powered by small solar panels that can send back signals to the researchers, who developed different types that can measure temperature，pressure，light and so on. A small capacitor (电容器) can store energy overnight or in cloudy conditions.

In all, the team tested 75 different designs before finding the right mix of variables. The final design can move through the air at 0.87 metres per second, travelling up to 100 metres in a mild wind when released from a drone (无人机). Real-world tests showed that the sensors can transfer data up to 60 metres.

“The production of the ‘seeds’ is especially interesting, so is the design of the electronic devices,” says Jonathan Aitken at the University of Sheffield, UK. “Both seem to be very strong to the natural environment.”

Aitken is also impressed by the range of the sensors’ communication abilities. “Plus the cheapness of the device, it means that it can be placed in large numbers, and the communication range makes this an excellent choice, especially within agriculture or disaster area monitoring,’’ he says.

1. What can we learn about the sensors like dandelion seeds?

A．They are quite expensive to make.

B．They are efficient in space and time.

C．They can be carried by dandelion seeds.

D．They can change the temperature.

2. What provides the energy for microcomputer on the sensors?

A．The sun.	B．Strong wind.
C．A smalI capacitor.	D．A drone.

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 6?

A．The seed-like sensors can rise up from the ground without any help.

B．The seed-like sensors can only travel in a mild wind.

C．The scientists have tried many other designs before the seed-like sensors.

D．The seed-like sensors travel much slower than its common competitors.

4. What does Aitken think of the sensors?

A．Costly.	B．Risky.
C．Complicated.	D．Promising.

10 . At least three people were possibly dead after a powerful earthquake. Others were injured from falling structures and homes, rural roads and_________highways. Experts said it could take some time to_________the full extent of the injuries and damage in the region.

Regina Rave,who is a geologist, was meeting with two_________at his home when the earthquake_________. Rave tried to stand up from his chair but couldn’t keep his balance and _________ in a kind of group hug with his colleagues, while plates and cups_________from his shelves to the ground. His children, ages 9 and 2, had their drinks_________over the edge of cups. Rave tried to calm everybody as the_________continued for more than a minute.

About 10,000 people live in and around his town, which is_________66 kilometers from the earthquake’s center. It’s a(n)__________thing that earthquakes are felt here, but it usually doesn’t last as long and is not as violent as this one. It was quite strong.

People were feeling__________. Rave was__________through the damage to his home,which included a broken sewer pipe(污水管)judging from the smell. Friends elsewhere had messaged him with__________of cracked roads, broken pipes and fallen debris(碎片), but hadn’t described major building collapses or__________. Communication seemed to have been__________with some cell towers likely to have fallen. People were starting to clean up their houses and the streets.

1.

A．damaged

B．surrounded

C．hidden

D．buried

2.

A．foresee

B．assess

C．recognize

D．assume

3.

A．roommates

B．schoolmates

C．colleagues

D．parents

4.

A．covered

B．rose

C．ceased

D．struck

5.

A．ended up

B．came out

C．carried on

D．resulted from

6.

A．squeezed

B．crashed

C．flashed

D．pulled

7.

A．turn

B．knock

C．flow

D．blow

8.

A．jumping

B．hanging

C．floating

D．shaking

9.

A．located

B．listed

C．considered

D．posed

10.

A．simple

B．common

C．popular

D．awkward

11.

A．puzzled

B．tired

C．frightened

D．inspired

12.

A．getting

B．breaking

C．cutting

D．sorting

13.

A．descriptions

B．instructions

C．explanations

D．introductions

14.

A．changes

B．injuries

C．beats

D．attacks

15.

A．handled

B．improved

C．affected

D．removed