1 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid     1    (use) to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪).

Wisconsin, also called “America’s Dairyland”, is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there     2    (be) a lot of leftover cheese brine.     3    (dispose) of the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do     4     the waste?

Cheese brine has salt in it,     5    , like the rock salt, helps lower water’s freezing point.

    6    (normal), towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water’s freezing point, causing ice     7    (melt). But using cheese brine could help both cheese     8    (produce) and cities save money, while keeping roads safe.

In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter     9    (harm) the environment, because road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U. S roads every year!     10    , by spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.

2 . Temperatures around the North Pole have greatly increased in the last 50 years — changing a long-term natural cooling trend. Now the Arctic is warmer than at any time during the last 2000 years, according to a major new study.

The study, based on an analysis of tree rings and other things, provides compelling evidence that greenhouse gases released since the start of the industrial revolution are causing global warming.

An author, Darrel Kaufman said, “Scientists have known for a while that the current period of warming was coming after a long-term cooling trend. But our reconstruction quantifies the cooling with greater certainty than before.”

The research — published in the journal Science — comes from a team of British and American scientists who followed summer Arctic temperatures to the time of the Romans by studying natural signals in the landscape. Their reconstruction found that the Arctic got cooler in the summer months between 1 AD and 1900, thanks to a natural “wobble” (摇摆) in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

The wobble slowly increased the distance between the Earth and the Sun during the Arctic summer, reducing the summer temperatures by around 0.2 degree every thousand years and causing the “Little Ice Age” that led to freezing winters in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

But during the 20th century, temperatures began to rise greatly — though the amount of sunlight reaching the Arctic during the summer was continuing to fall. The decade between 1999 to 2008 was the warmest in the last 2000 years, the research found. The research has shown that Arctic temperatures rose three times faster during the 20th century than the rest of the Northern Hemisphere.

Some researchers have predicted that the Arctic could be free from sea ice in the winter within the next few decades if the temperatures continue to rise.

1. The new research shows that _______.

A．greenhouse gases are causing global warming

B．the Arctic has been free from sea ice in the winter

C．the Arctic keeps a long-term natural cooling trend

D．the Earth will be too hot for human beings to live on

2. The evidence that has been discovered through scientists’ analysis ________.

A．shows an interesting phenomenon

B．is quite convincing

C．causes global warming

D．is rather surprising

3. According to Darren Caufman, ________.

A．recent cooling is more obvious than before

B．people fail in stopping the climate changes

C．the Arctic has been continuously cooling before

D．the Arctic is getting cooler in the summer months

4. It can be inferred from the passage that________.

A．the wobble causes the temperature in the Arctic to rise

B．Arctic temperatures rise more slowly than before

C．global warming cannot be prevented by human beings

D．the Arctic would be cooling without greenhouse gases

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The “Little Ice Age”.

B．A Long-term natural cooling.

C．The warmest Arctic in 2000 years.

D．A natural “wobble” in the Earth’s orbit.

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I have a passion for fishing and animal protection, which can date back to my childhood. When I was young, my father was a fish and wildlife officer, so he traveled all over the province in the spring and fall. He loved his job, especially the part where he protected nature from human.

He’d taught me to fish alone, in silence, lost in my own thoughts.

I still remembered that special day. Midweek, even in late August, no one was around. Police Outpost Lake is as far as you can go and still be in Canada. Songbirds, ducks, and Canada geese glided (滑翔) by on the breeze, touching down briefly on the water’s surface before flapping and quacking their way back up into the sky, passing in front of the sun, temporarily blocking its warming rays.

“How can I get the fish with these birds making noise?” I complained, rod (鱼竿) in my hand.

“Be patient, Jacob. Birds won’t disturb you.”

Out of the corner of my eyes, I suddenly caught a glimpse of a few great northern loons (潜鸟) stayed together not far from the shoreline. Dad once told me loon usually travel alone, but here were five of them in a group. Maybe it was a family? One loon, making odd sounds, swam away from the group, towards me.

This is unusual.

“Dad! Come here! Take a look at this loon!”

Hearing this, dad laid his rod down on the dirty sand, walking quickly towards me.

The loon rested in the shallow water near shore, not ten feet away from us. It was so close, we could see its red eyes.

“Look at that beak (喙)!”I said. “It could easily hurt us to death with that thing! It could tear our faces! Blind our eyes!”

Walking into the water, getting closer to the loon, we both saw thin wire wrapped around its neck. Fishing line maybe? Was there a hook(钩子)on the line, too? Was the loon asking us for help?

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Reaching down, I touched its feather, my heart racing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: “Hurry, Dad! I can’t hold this bird forever, you know!” I said.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Dogs may have earned the title of our best friends through their interactions with humans, but now researchers say these social skills could, be present shortly after birth rather than being learned.

To better understand the role of biology in dogs’ abilities to communicate with humans, the researchers studied 375 eight-week-old service dogs. They looked at how these dogs performed in a series of tasks designed to measure their communication skills. The puppies were still living with their littermates (同窝出生者) and had not been sent to live with a volunteer puppy raiser, making it unlikely that they had learned about his or her behavior.

In the first task, a person hid a treat beneath one of two overturned cups and pointed to it to see if the puppy could follow the gesture. Since dogs are good at using noses to find things a treat was also taped to the insides of, both cups. In the second task, puppies watched as the researchers placed a yellow, block next to the correct cup, instead of pointing to indicate where the puppy should look for the food.

The third task was designed to observe puppies’ tendency to look at human faces. The researchers spoke to the puppy in a voice people sometimes use when talking to a baby. They then measured how long the puppy fixed a stare on the human.

In the last task, researchers sealed a treat inside a closed container and presented it to the puppy. They then measured how often the puppy looked to the human for help in opening the container.

The study found that while many of the puppies were responsive to humans’ physical and verbal cues, very few looked to humans for help with the unsolvable task. Researchers said, “This suggests that while puppies may be born knowing how to respond to human-initiated communication, the ability to initiate communication on their own may come later.” The next step will be to see if specific genes that may contribute to dogs’ abilities to communicate with humans can be identified.

1. Why were eight-week-old service dogs chosen for the study?

A．They were the best age to learn.

B．They were cute and safe to deal with.

C．They were unlikely influenced by their mates.

D．They had had little contact with humans before.

2. What is the researchers’ purpose in taping food to both cups?

A．To provide clues for the puppies’ final decisions.

B．To make comparisons between different conditions.

C．To prevent the puppies from making use of their smell.

D．To check the puppies’ preference for a particular color.

3. What can we know from the study?

A．Puppies can understand our body language.

B．Puppies are good at asking humans for help.

C．Puppies are born to arouse communication with humans.

D．Puppies need specific genes to communicate with humans.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Dogs—talented performers	B．Dogs—humans’ best friends
C．Dogs—born to be able to learn	D．Dogs—born to understand humans

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Could the Moon Help Fuel the Earth?

Fossil fuels have been powering the earth for over 200 years, but reserves of coal, crude oil (原油) and natural gas may run out one day.

The long-term solution may lie nearly half of a million kilometers away on the moon. It contains large quantities of helium-3 (氦-3), a form of gas that could     1     (potential) be extracted (提炼), brought back to the earth and used as fuel without damaging the environment.

“The real     2     (attract) of helium-3 is that it is a nuclear process,     3     doesn’t release any greenhouse gases,” said     4     engineering professor. “That would be the     5     (big) advantage-nuclear power without nuclear waste, and it would be a goal for the earth.”

Present on the earth in small quantities, helium-3     6     (use) in medical diagnostics (医学诊断), but it is yet to be used as a source of energy. However, there are large enough quantities of helium-3 on the moon to power the earth for a thousand of years or so and provide the earth     7     all of the energy.

But     8     (bring) helium-3 back to the earth is a complex process. The gas,     9     (find) in the moon’s soil, would need to be heated to 600℃ before being extracted and transported back to be turned into fuel in nuclear power     10     (plant). Even so, the project is beginning to interest some of the world’s leading nations in the environmental and economic potential of helium-3.

6 . 假设你是李明，你的家乡正在策划一个线上旅游节，现面向全市青少年征集宣传片策划案，旨在挖掘旅游资源和城市文化，开展讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音的创新实践。请你根据以下要点，用英语写一封邮件给旅游局，谈谈你对该宣传片的构思以及推荐的景点，内容包括：
1．宣传片中城市景点介绍设计；
2．推荐原因及创新点。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . The fishermen of Senegal have joined forces to protect one of the ocean’s most endangered species — the sea turtle, a classic case of “poacher turned gamekeeper”.

The coastal waters of Senegal in West Africa are home to several species of sea turtles which are all beautiful creatures but are affected by pollution, poaching and even fishing nets.

“Once we were the biggest eaters of turtles, now we have become their biggest protectors,” said Abdou Karim Sall, a fisherman who led the Management Committee for the Marine Protected Are (MPA) of Joal-Fadiouth.

The Joal-Fadiouth MPA, covering about 174 square kilometers, was founded in 2004, and it’s backed by the government, local authorities and several associations. It is an area aimed at protecting marine ecosystem, habitats and species, including endangered species like the sea turtle. Its benefits are obvious: maintaining biodiversity, increasing fish catches on fishing grounds, as well as economic development.

For a long time, Sall has been working to raise local awareness of sea turtle protection. “Even former turtle sellers have been ‘changed’ by receiving three small boats to take tourists to sea,” he said. Instead of strict restrictions, the Joal-Fadiouth MPA has been trying to educate local communities about the economic benefits so that they would join the project. “It’s after they are told: ‘It’s an endangered species’,” Sall said.

Local residents have also set out to protect the nests. During summer and fall, a few dozen turtles may stop to lay eggs on the beaches of Joal-Fadiouth. MPA agents and village volunteers protest their nests with fences. “People come at 6 a. m. so that other animals do not take the young.” said Sall.

Sall added the number of turtles had decreased by about 30% in the past 20 years, and chances of survival of a young turtle were no higher than one in a thousand. But the fisherman-conservator agreed, “Awareness has not worked 100%.”

1. What do the underlined words “poacher turned gamekeeper” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

A．A person beginning to hunt animals illegally.

B．A person switching from a hunter to a protector.

C．A person changing completely from good to bad.

D．A person continuing to protect endangered species.

2. Which of the following is the measure taken by the Joal-Fadiouth MPA to protect sea turtles?

A．Building more nests for turtles to lay eggs.

B．Publicizing the economic benefits of the project.

C．Placing strict restrictions to educate the communities.

D．Providing different means of transportation for turtle sellers.

3. What will most probably be talked about in the following paragraph?

A．The measures the MPA will take in the future.

B．The argument about the Marine Protected Area.

C．The danger sea turtles still face from fishermen.

D．The benefits brought by the Marine Protected Area.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Fishermen of Senegal have joined together to protect sea turtles.

B．Sea turtles in Senegal are endangered because of human activities.

C．The situation of sea turtles in Senegal has been improves significantly.

D．The Marine Protected Area has played an important role in protecting sea turtles.

8 . Our planet is an amazing place, but it needs our help to thrive! That’s why each year on April 22, more than a billion people celebrate Earth Day to protect the planet from things like pollution and deforestation. You can celebrate and protect the planet at the same time.     1     .

Become a waste warrior

The number of garbage trucks Americans fill each year would stretch halfway to the moon. Toilet paper tubes, made from cardboard, take two months to decompose in a landfill. A plastic bottle sticks around for way longer and     2     ! But instead of turning to the trash bin, you could turn these items into an awesome telescope or a flower planter. Before you throw something away, think about whether it can be recycled or repurposed.

Plant a tree

    3    , so help offset that loss by planting a tree of your own. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen for people to breathe. They also provide shelter and food for animals such as squirrels and owls.

    4       

It might seem like it’s everywhere, but clean, drinkable water is a limited resource. In fact, less than one percent of the water on Earth can be used by humans. (The rest is either too salt y or too difficult to access. ) Turning off the faucet when you brush your teeth can conserve up to eight gallons of water a day.

Offer your time

With a parent’s permission, volunteer to pick up trash at a nearby park, start a collection drive for recyclable items, or organize a screening of an environmentally themed movie.     5    , you’re not just helping the Earth—you’re making new friends too!

The more people do, the better off our planet will be!

A．Turn off the light

B．By getting involved and working with others

C．it can take over 450 years to break down

D．Limit your water usage

E．To help save even more water, challenge yourself to take a shorter shower

F．Check out these Earth Day ideas to help save the planet any time of year

G．Researchers estimate roughly 15 billion trees in the world are cut down each year

9 . Sydnee Geril knows life wouldn’t be the same without her service dog Tulsa. After all, the pup has ___________ her since the moment they met. The girl has a rare form of bone cancer.   ___________, she has a fear of needles, which means she often faints during the treatment. ___________, she has Tulsa to keep her smiling.

Geril was diagnosed with cancer in October 2017. She underwent nine months of ___________. While staying in the hospital, she found ___________ in visits from therapy dogs, which inspired her to ___________ a dog. She will never forget how ___________ she was the day she met Tulsa.

Life threw Geril another ___________ when her cancer returned eight months later. That’s when she ___________ to train Tulsa as a service dog. But it is a ____________ process. While the 2-year-old pup is still ____________ how to do her job, she’s already been a huge ____________. Tulsa can sense when Geril is about to faint and ____________ her by placing a paw on her leg. ____________, Geril has 10 to 30 minutes to react.

Unfortunately, when COVID-19 began, Geril had to ____________ bringing Tulsa with her to the hospital. She couldn’t ____________ catching COVID-19 through the dog’s fur. As the months passed, Tulsa’s ____________ affected Geril’s health. But everything turned around when she discovered a uniform which covers the dog’s ____________ and helps control shedding.

Now, Geril has her best friend at her side whenever she ____________ her. “I’m so happy to have her back,” Geril said.   “I honestly did not ____________ how big an impact she had until I didn’t have her. ”

1.

A．surprised

B．delighted

C．annoyed

D．depressed

2.

A．Furthermore

B．Anyway

C．Overall

D．Therefore

3.

A．Suddenly

B．Incredibly

C．Luckily

D．Consequently

4.

A．discussion

B．research

C．practice

D．treatment

5.

A．evidence

B．answer

C．comfort

D．effort

6.

A．rescue

B．adopt

C．sell

D．beat

7.

A．happy

B．regretful

C．afraid

D．confident

8.

A．argument

B．chance

C．plan

D．challenge

9.

A．continued

B．decided

C．pretended

D．hesitated

10.

A．fast

B．short

C．complex

D．mental

11.

A．learning

B．expecting

C．imagining

D．teaching

12.

A．problem

B．mistake

C．success

D．help

13.

A．encourages

B．alerts

C．changes

D．impresses

14.

A．In addition

B．On the contrary

C．As a result

D．After all

15.

A．start

B．try

C．keep

D．stop

16.

A．enjoy

B．risk

C．delay

D．remember

17.

A．absence

B．death

C．return

D．arrival

18.

A．legs

B．head

C．fur

D．eyes

19.

A．needs

B．aids

C．meets

D．feeds

20.

A．show

B．forget

C．claim

D．realize

10 . Irish architects Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara were selected as the 2020 Pritzker Prize Laureates (获奖者), announced Tom Pritzker, Chairman of the Hyatt Foundation which sponsors the award that is often referred to as “architecture’s Nobel”. Yvonne Farrell and Shelley McNamara have practiced architecture together for over forty years in a way that clearly reflects the objectives of the Pritzker Prize: to recognize the art of architecture and consistent service to humanity as evidenced through a body of built work.

They were awarded for their generosity toward their colleagues, commitment to excellence in architecture, responsible attitude toward the environment, ability to be cosmopolitan while embracing the uniqueness of each place in which they work, for all these reasons and more, according to the 2020 Jury Citation.

As architects and educators since the 1970s, Farrell and McNamara have created spaces that honor history while presenting their mastery of the urban environment and craft of construction. Their works never repeat or copy, but are decidedly of their own architectural style.

Their native Ireland, an island dotted with mountains and hills, breeds their acute sensitivities to geography, such as the changing climate and nature, in each of their sites. The campus of UTEC Lima, one of their works, for example, is located on a challenging site with a highway sunk in a valley on one side and a neighborhood on the other. The result is a vertical building responding to both site and climate needs. Its open spaces are designed to deliberately welcome the cool wind from the ocean and minimize the need for air-conditioning.

According to McNamara, architecture anchors us and connects us to the world as a framework for human life. She adds that possibly no other space-making discipline(科目) can do this. Farrell continues, “At the core of our practice is a real belief that architecture matters.   It is a cultural spatial phenomenon that people invent. ”

1. What do we know about the Pritzker Prize?

A．It is personally sponsored by Tom Pritzker.

B．Its goal is to provide continuous service for mankind.

C．It aims to identify the architectural art through buildings.

D．It has been set up for more than forty years as “architecture’s Nobel”.

2. What does the underlined word “cosmopolitan” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Global.	B．Special.
C．Creative.	D．Environment-friendly.

3. Why is the example of the campus of UTEC Lima used?

A．To show its geographical location.

B．To show the challenge of building it.

C．To show the two architects’ sensitivities to geography.

D．To show how to minimize the need for air-conditioning.

4. What is the two architects’ opinion about architecture?

A．It is important to human life.

B．It is a crucial practice to all architects.

C．It is invented by people in the cultural field.

D．It is better than any other space-making discipline.