1 . Have you ever imagined what will happen in the ocean when an earthquake happens underground? If you’ve ever felt a big earthquake or seen one on television, you know that it has the power to shake the ground and move large buildings. When a great earthquake happens under the ocean floor, the earthquake’s large energy is transferred (转移) to the water above it, creating a series of water waves called a tsunami (海啸). The word comes from the Japanese words tsu (harbor) and nami (wave).

Normal ocean waves have an average wavelength (波长) of about 100 meters and an average height of about 2 meters, while a tsunami can have a wavelength of 193 kilometers or more. Travelling at up to about 800 kilometers per hour in the deep ocean, a tsunami might be at a height of as little as 0.9 meters, which makes it almost impossible to be noticed, even for a ship in the area.

As a tsunami approaches (靠近) a coastline, things begin to change greatly. As it approaches shallow (浅的) waters, the wave speed drops below about 80 kilometers per hour. The wavelength also decreases much, but amplitude—the height of the wave—increases greatly, leading to the huge wall of water along coastlines, which causes great damage to coastal areas.

About 80% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean. Tsunamis cannot be prevented, but areas that experience tsunamis regularly have developed tsunami warning systems to give as much advance warning as possible to people who live along the coastline. For example, there are tsunami warning signs and warning sirens (警报器) on the top of nearby hills along Japanese coastlines. And many Japanese coastal communities have built tsunami walls, floodgates and others to stop or change the direction of water from incoming tsunamis.

1. According to the passage, tsunamis are hard to find mainly because of ________.

A．their low sound	B．their low height
C．their fast speed	D．their short wavelength

2. What does the underlined word “decreases” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Changes.

B．Develops.

C．Reduces.

D．Produces.

3. The last paragraph is mainly about ________.

A．how to study tsunamis

B．where tsunamis always happen

C．what tsunami warning systems include

D．how to reduce damages caused by tsunamis

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese.

B．An earthquake is sure to cause a tsunami.

C．About 80 percent of tsunamis happen in Japan.

D．Tsunamis can be stopped by warning systems.

2 . Researchers were interested in the rock iguanas(鬣蜥) on the Exuma Islands which are often fed grapes by tourists. They were curious about how this high-sugar food might have influenced the iguanas’ health. Over the past two decades, the remote islands have seen a big increase in the number of tourists. Just 25 years ago, some of the islands had zero to 20 visitors a day. Now they receive more than 200 tourists each day.

The team collected 48 rock iguanas: 24 from islands that tourists don’t visit and 24 from islands frequently visited by tourists. They collected blood samples and found the iguanas from the islands where tourists frequently fed them had the highest glucose level. The researchers say the findings how possible health issues could affect the iguanas’ long-term survival, which leads to health concerns.

“A visitor to these islands would never doubt that the iguanas were doing fine. They are big, active, and plentiful on islands visited by tourists. These phenomena(现象) are possibly concealing internal health problems that can cause a rapid decrease in population, so we need to watch the activity closely and find out ways to deal with these problems,” said Chuck Knapp, an author of the study.

“We also hope that the finding will lead to a scientific way that also protects people who depend on tourism. Many tour operators show the wildlife to visitors, and our research can be used to inform strategies that area win-win for wildlife and tour operators,” said Knapp.

“The rock iguanas face many threats to their existence, such as loss of habitat and climate change. Many of these threats are very difficult to deal with, but controlling the influence of human activities like feeding is a simple way we can help the species,” says Falon Cartwright, the director of science and policy at Bahamas National Trust.

1. What is mentioned about the rock iguanas on the Exuma Islands?

A．They are short of natural food at present.

B．They are dying out due to tourists’ feeding.

C．They have more contact with humans nowadays.

D．They have a peaceful and free life in their living place.

2. What does the underlined word “concealing” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Examining.

B．Hiding.

C．Showing.

D．Preventing.

3. What’s the meaning of the research finding according to Knapp?

A．It ensures the rapid development of local tourism.

B．It raises public awareness of cutting pollution.

C．It solves the health problems of most rock iguanas.

D．It helps perfect plans for protecting wildlife and tourism.

4. What does Falon Cartwright advise people to do?

A．Find a new home for the iguana species.

B．Offer more food choices to the rock iguanas.

C．Take measures to slowdown climate change.

D．Change human behavior to reduce harm to wildlife.

3 . 为了绿化校园，也为了提高同学们保护环境的意识，你校学生会上周末组织全体同学进行了植树活动。请你以Green Action in Our School为题为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.植树活动的目的；
2.植树活动内容：（1）接受培训；（2）小组合作植树；
3.植树活动的意义。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Green Action in Our School

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4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

37 years ago, Recep Mirzan found on his farm a swan with     1     broken wing. He carefully put it in his truck and drove it to a nearby clinic immediately. After proper     2     (treat), he took it home and named it “Garip”, which     3     (use) to describe an unlucky person in Turkish. Since then, they have lived together and never separated

“Since I loved animals, I said to     4     (I) that I should take it home instead of     5     (leave) it to foxes,” Mirzan recalled the day he rescued the swan.

After its wing recovered, Garip spent most of its time out of the pen and made no attempt     6     (run) away. Instead, it made friends     7     the cats and dogs in the neighborhood and accompanied Mirzan when he was working around the farm or going out for his evening walks.

“It has chosen to stay at my side,” says Mirzan,     8     is now 63 years old. “It is very loyal and I consider it as my child.

    9     (obvious), living with Mirzan has been beneficial for Garip. According to the UK-based Swan Sanctuary, the average lifetime for a swan in the wild is about 15 years. In protected environments, it can live up to 30 years. But Garip is more than 37 years old now. It is much     10     (long) than the average.

5 . The San Bernardino Valley is an oasis of life. Research by entomologist Bob Minckley shows that this area has the highest concentration of bee species in the world.

Minckley collected bees at 45 sites throughout the valley from 2001 to 2009. In a recent paper, Minckley stated that 497 species of bees live within just over 6 square miles of the valley, a modest area for such a study, 10 times smaller than Washington D.C. These 497 species represent 14 percent of all the nearly 4,000 bee species found in the United States.

Minckley hopes his work will help people appreciate the importance of the San Bernardino region and the vast diversity of bee species on Earth. Laurence Packer, an entomologist at York University, says that this research helps reveal where the greatest species richness of bees occurs, which is important for understanding patterns of bee diversity and what drives it. “Such long-term studies, which are relatively rare, are necessary to acquire a good understanding of an area’s diversity, especially in dry places where rainfall varies,” he adds.

One reason for this bee diversity is that the valley lies at a place where vast, abundant biomes（生物群系）live together. Perhaps counterintuitively（违反常理地）, bee diversity is low in the tropics, where plant diversity is the highest. Dry but ecologically diverse areas such as the San Bernardino Valley seem to have the right mixture of variables to ensure high bee diversity.

This hot spot of bee diversity faces several threats. In 2020, the government built 30-foot-high steel fencing along the entire border of the San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge. The most ecologically damaging aspect caused by the wall’s construction may be the massive quantities of water withdrawn from the place’s aquifer（含水层）to make concrete for the base of the wall. If the lowered levels of water affect plants, then it could potentially hurt the bees as well. For the bees, the drying up of springs will have an impact especially on those species that rely on spring-fed habitats.

1. What is Bob Minckley’s statement about the number of bee species based on?

A．Public opinions.	B．Personally collected statistics.
C．Studies by former scientists.	D．Journals about nature.

2. What is Laurence Packer’s attitude to Minckley’s research?

A．Favorable.

B．Doubtful.

C．Unclear.

D．Disapproving.

3. What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?

A．Features of regions with abundant species.

B．Threats to the survival of bees in dry areas.

C．The effect of plant diversity on the ecological environment.

D．The reason for the high concentration of bee species in the valley.

4. How would the construction of the border wall affect bee species?

A．It will lead to severe water pollution.

B．It will cause the aquifer levels to drop.

C．It will destroy flowers around the border wall.

D．It will occupy a large area of bees’ habitats.

6 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What’s the weather like in the man’s city now?

A．Windy and snowy.

B．Sunny and windy.

C．Cold and wet.

2. What does the man ask the woman to prepare for?

A．A violent storm.

B．A heavy snow.

C．A light wind.

3. What will the woman do?

A．Get ready for the hurricane.

B．Go to the beach.

C．Call the man this evening.

7 . New research shows that Goliath frogs — the world’s largest frog species, found in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea — build ponds for their eggs and tadpoles, moving rocks more than half of their body weight in the process. A team of researchers from Cameroon and Germany studied the animals, which can weigh up to 6.6 pounds and measure more than 13 inches in length when fully grown. The heavy labor that the frogs do could explain their size, scientists believe.

The research led by a team from Berlin’s Natural History Museum found that the frogs could change existing natural ponds or create new nests in small ponds, about 3 feet wide and 4 inches deep, along river banks in Cameroon. “They sometimes move rocks weighing up to 4.4 pounds. We think that this activity may explain why adult frogs need to be giants in the first place,” said Marvin Schäfer, lead author of the study. As well as being strong, the frogs have also proved themselves to be anxious parents, raising their young in ponds away from potential predators.

“Giant frogs are the first African amphibian species now known to actively prepare or even construct breeding sites for their young,” said Mark-Oliver Rödel, project leader and president of conservation group Frogs & Friends. This shows how little we know about the biology, even of some of the most spectacular creatures of our planet.

Scientists hope the research will help conservation efforts devoted to the rare frogs, which are considered endangered. Shrinking habitat, climate change and pollution are the main drivers of species loss and are threatening more than 40% of amphibians, a report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)found in May.

1. What does the research discover about Goliath frogs?

A．They are only found in Cameroon.	B．They can lay their eggs in the trees by rivers.
C．They can move heavy rocks to build ponds.	D．They are the only African amphibian species.

2. Why do Goliath frogs create new nests?

A．To change natural ponds.	B．To keep their young safe.
C．To stay away from polluted water.	D．To adapt to the changing seasons.

3. What does the author intend to say with Mark-Oliver Rödel’s words?

A．People need to make more efforts to know creatures better.

B．Giant frogs are becoming an endangered species in Africa.

C．Climate change is responsible for species loss in the world.

D．Animals habits are changing due to environmental pollution.

4. Which section of a magazine is this text probably taken from?

A．Sports and music.	B．Science and technology.
C．Nature and geography.	D．Business and culture.

8 . In ancient Egypt, the rich soils along the Nile River supported roughly 3 million people. Now there are 30 times that number of people living in Egypt, with the Egyptian population soaring from 45 million in the 1980s to over 100 million now.

Just 4% of Egypt’s land is suitable for agriculture, and that number is reducing quickly due to the urban and suburban development. “It’s not an overstatement to say that this is a crisis,” said Nasem Badreldin, an expert at the University of Manitoba. “Satellite data shows that Egypt is losing about 2% of its farmland per decade due to urbanization, and the process is speeding. If this continues, Egypt will face serious food security problems.” According to one analysis, the amount of farmland near Alexandria dropped by 11% between 1987 and 2019, while urban areas increased by 11%. In recent years, the Egyptian government has promised to end unlicensed building on farmland, which remains a difficult task to fulfill.

Urbanization isn’t the only factor to reduce Egypt’s farmland. Sea level rise of 1.6 millimeters per year has contributed to the salinization (盐碱化) of farmland in Egypt. About 15% of Egypt’s richest farmland has already been damaged by sea level rise and saltwater intrusion (侵入). One response to the loss of farmland has included efforts to green parts of the desert. For instance, Farouk El-Baz, Boston University scientist, has planned to build highways, railways, water pipelines, and power lines to promote the establishment of new farmland in deserts west of the delta.

While that project hasn’t been finished, much of desert has turned into farmland in recent decades. The satellite photos show new farmland along the Cairo Highway. A mixture of center-pivot irrigation (灌溉) and drip irrigation makes farming in this area possible. “It is certainly possible to establish new farmland from the desert by tapping groundwater resources, though it’s a little expensive process,” said Badreldin.

1. What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．The urban expansion.	B．The reduction of farmland.
C．The suburban development.	D．The growth of population.

2. How many factors are mentioned that have caused the loss of farmland?

A．Four.

B．Three.

C．Two.

D．Five.

3. What is Badreldin’s attitude to the establishment of new farmland?

A．Uncertain.

B．Optimistic.

C．Disapproving.

D．Unconcerned.

4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A．Food Security Problems in Egypt

B．Urbanization Along the Nile River

C．Agricultural Development Along the Nile River

D．Egypt’s Disappearing Farmland

9 . The mystery of how groups of fire ants survive floods has puzzled biologists for many years. But now scientists have worked out how the ants stick together in order to build a kind of raft (筏) that helps them to float easily for days.

The fire ant lives in the rainforests of Brazil, where heavy rainfall can cause flooding twice daily. In order to stick together as a colony (群体) during these floods, the fire ants hook (钩) their legs and mouths together to create a living and breathing material that floats for hours, or even weeks, if necessary, until floods go down.

These so-called fire-ant rafts contain nearly 200 bodies per square inch; they can grow to be as large as garbage bin lids (盖) in the case of large colonies, but more often, they grow to the size of small plates. The ants gather themselves quickly in response to an emergency, and can organize thousands of bodies in less than two minutes, according to study researcher David Hu. “They are all acting together, and there are so many of them that they are really becoming a single material.” said Professor Hu.

They found that living fire ants within a raft always changed their positions in response to forces, such as the push of a stick or a drop of rain in nature. “This responsiveness allows the fire ants to deal with small rocks or bursts of waves while floating.” Hu said.

The raft is also self-healing, so that if one ant is removed from the raft, others move in to fill the space.

When in danger of drowning, a colony of the tiny creatures-thousands of them-will save themselves by joining forces and forming a raft. Though insects do insect things, we human beings could learn a thing or two about teamwork from the awesome fire ant.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Tiny creatures can survive disasters.

B．Fire ants work together to survive floods.

C．Teamwork is important for human.

D．Rafts help fire ants live in nature.

2. How can the fire ants stick together?

A．By joining a colony.	B．By floating for a long time.
C．By hooking parts of their bodies.	D．By living and breathing together.

3. What can we know about the fire-ant rafts?

A．They can be formed in a short time.

B．They are usually the size of garbage bin lids.

C．They will be separated in case of forces.

D．They move to some spaces when in danger.

4. Where is the passage most probably from?

A．A news report.	B．A brochure.
C．A story book.	D．A magazine.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Changjiang River, China’s longest river     1    (rise) from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, flows eastwards for 6300 kilometers, eventually reaching Yuantoujiao in Jiangsu Province,     2     it flows into the sea. In the Yangtze River Delta to the north of Yuantoujiao, abundant rivers carry huge amounts of sediments (泥沙) to the sea.     3     also bring nutrients, piling up to form fertile coastlines and unique sandy ridges and sandbars.     4     the coastline of the Yellow Sea, hundreds of kilometres of coastal wetlands and ecological zones     5    (form). Every spring and autumn, nearly 3 million migratory birds around the world stop there to replenish themselves. Next to the Yellow Sea is one of China’s most     6    (economic) developed and densely populated     7    (region). While the economy is developing rapidly there, a large number of coastal wetlands have been preserved. This creates valuable habitats for millions of migratory birds and endangered species that prefer not     8    (disturb). Today, sediment accumulation and continental shelf settlement (大陆架沉降) are two dynamic geological forces, which are constantly shaping the landscape and ecological processes of the Yellow Sea and Bohai wetland,     9    (make ) it one of the most diverse and richest coastlines in the world. It is     10     organic combination of natural, biological and human functions, and a key hub on the East Asian-Australasian flyway of migratory birds.