1 . 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

Time for Americans to act on climate change

The climate crisis is worsening at a rate that is becoming harder and harder to ignore. For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.

The scientific community has become increasingly panicked over the past year. The latest assessment from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change painted a far more terrible picture than its previous analyses, and the long-awaited National Climate Assessment made clear that climate change represents a severe threat to human health as well as our economic security. Out of this panic came the treaty(条约)reached this past weekend by world leaders to keep the Paris climate agreement alive.

Yet many Americans still don’t regard the threat as a key priority for our government, and support President Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty. Campaign contributions from fossil fuel companies have convinced elected officials to look the other way. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy(漠然).

But there is another reason that has been discussed far less openly. While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment. Why? Because they have before.

This historical success, however, resulted from the federal government taking science seriously, and making investments to urge revolution and innovation.

But these innovations did not happen by themselves, or simply because of the United States’ rich resources. They depended on consistent support from the leaders about the need to take action when faced with crises. This has been especially true in the environmental crisis.

President Bill Clinton had a shockingly modest record of advancing climate security, particularly given that his vice president, Al Gore, had been one of the most outspoken environmentalists in Congress. By far Clinton’s biggest accomplishment was assigning Gore to participate іn thе Куоtо Рrоtoсоl negotiations. Сlіntоn сhоѕе, hоwеvеr, tо аvоіd whаt ѕurеlу wоuld have been a terrible fight in the Senate to gain approval of the treaty. While this effort probably would have failed, it would have signaled to the American people how seriously the Democratic Party took climate change.

Thus, the time has clearly arrived for progressive candidates to start campaigning on a platform built around the need for a sustainability revolution. Such a plan should include a carbon tax, well-funded clean energy research, evolved agricultural policies and smarter public transport. Given that Generation X and millennials(千禧一代)never bought into the fiction that the United States is immune to the dangers of global warming, the time is ripe to make climate security a crucial government responsibility. Only by doing so can we begin the long-overdue(拖延好久的)campaign to save the planet.

Time for Americans to act on climate change

Introduction	More and more people have become     1     of the severity of climate crisis. It is human beings that are to     2     for the real global warming and should     3     for what they have done.
Worldwide efforts	Given that human health as well as our economic security is     4     a severe threat caused by climate change, Paris Climate Treaty has been reached by world leaders.
Current American’s responses	A negative attitude	Unable to grasp the seriousness of the threat, many Americans are in     5     of President Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris treaty.
	6     for responses	Elected officials turn a deaf ear to the threat on account of their     7     relationship with fossil fuel companies. A certain amount of despair has resulted in widespread apathy. Many Americans are wildly     8     about their ability to a changed environment.
Earlier American’s responses	A(n)     9     attitude	Wisely assigning his vice president to participate in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations, President Bill Clinton took climate change seriously.
	Inspiration form responses	The Democratic Party used to take adequate notice of the potential crisis of the climate change.
10	It is high time for Americans to begin the long-overdue campaign to save the planet.

2 . "It can't be done．" Boyan Slat heard this over and over when he first proposed a way to clean   up millions of tons of plastic polluting our oceans． Almost anyone else would have given up in frustration and despair． But 20﹣year﹣old Slat hasn't： been discouraged but committed to his dream． "Human history is basically a list of things that couldn't be done， and then were done，" he says．Today， slat and his team at The Ocean Cleanup are well on their way to proving the critics wrong． Good news for the planet．

（1）_______

Slat， who grew up in the city of Delft in the Netherlands， was on a diving trip in Greece three years ago when he was deeply impressed by plastic， "There were more plastic bags than fish，" he says． "That moment I realized it was a huge issue and that environmental issues are really the biggest problems my generation will face．"

That fall， Slat， then 17， decided to study plastic pollution as part of a high school project． Soon， Slat learned that no one had yet come up with practical way to clean up this massive garbage patches． Most proposed solutions involved "fishing" up the plastic using ships equipped with nets﹣which， as Slat discovered， would likely take more than 1，000 years， cost too much， let off too much sea life along with the trash．

Slat proposed an alternative that mostly avoided these problems﹣a solar﹣powered system using a floating plastic tube which will go around the garbage and trap it is 600 meters long， A big screen hangs down from it， about three metres into the water． Wind， waves and ocean currents will push the trash toward the tube． （Fish can swim under the screen） A ship will pick up the trash and take it back to the shore to sort and recycle it into oil and other products． Best of all， Slat predicted his system could clean up the North Pacific Garbage Patch between California and Hawaii where a lot of floating garbage exists， within five to 10 years．

（2）________

The following， Slat entered the aerospace engineering program at the Delft University of Technology and officially announced his ocean cleanup concept at TEDx Delft． But nothing much moved forward，

Slat found himself continually absent﹣minded in classes， looking for ways． to improve his concept． "It wouldn't let go． I finally decided to put both university and my social life on hold to focus all my time on developing this idea． I wasn't sure if it would succeed， but considering the scale of problem I thought it was important to at least try．" He says．

With this family's blessing， Slat began in earnest organizing a team of volunteers and employees for The Ocean Cleanup， which now numbers about 100．

（3）_______

In answer to opposition， Slat and his team raised ＄100，000 from a crowdfunding campaign and began testing a 40﹣meter collecting barrier near the Azores Islands last March． In June， they released a 500+ page possibility study．

Over the next three to four years， Slat will push toward a fully operational large﹣scale project by testing a series of longer and longer barriers． He's currently seeking to crowd fund ＄2 million to finance it． Incidentally， The Ocean Cleanup is also working on a plan to stop plastic from washing into the oceans in the first place． "It's just the other problem that is equally important．" Slat says． "It's something everyone is able to help with， and we also have some technologies in the pipeline．"

As for school， Slat doesn't miss it ﹣ except maybe for the social﹣part， which he hopes to （恢复） a bit once his team takes on more of the workload． " I don't have time for things like that right now， but I really can't complain． I can imagine doing something more fun than being able to have an idea and then actually making it into a reality．" he says．

1. What is the function of the first paragraph？

A．An introduction to the main topic．

B．An overview of the whole article

C．The background information of the story

D．Raising a problem for later solution

2. Which of the following shows the correct order of the three missing subtitles？
a． But is it possible？
b． Drowning in plastic
c． An idea wouldn't die

A．a﹣b﹣c

B．c﹣b﹣a

C．b﹣a﹣c

D．b﹣c﹣a

3. What inspired the boy to study plastic pollution？

A．One of his high school projects．

B．Others' opposition to his proposal．

C．Humans' failure in cleaning up the ocean．

D．The shockingly heavy plastic pollution in ocean．

4. What can we say about Slat's design？

A．It is powerful but only used in California and Hawaii

B．It is huge but causes great damage to sea lives

C．It makes full use of natural forces and is friendly to nature．

D．It was welcomed by all the public and worked very well．

5. Which of the following quotes best displays Slat's strong will and confidence？

A．"Human history is basically a list of things that couldn't be done， and then were done．"

B．"That was the moment I realized it was a huge issue and that environmental issues are really the biggest problems my generation will face．"

C．"I finally decided to put both university and my social life on hold to focus all my time on developing this idea．"

D．"It's something everyone is able to help with， and we also have some technologies in the pipeline．"

6. What does the author mainly do in this article？

A．Explain a creative idea

B．Introduce a fascinating person．

C．Describe a social phenomenon

D．Praise a point of view

3 . 1.Part of northern California had become an inferno(火海) in the latest big fire. A nearby town, Paradise, was reduced to ash. Nearly 50 people are confirmed dead and over 200 missing. Six of the ten most destructive fires in California's history have occurred in the past decade. Last year was the most destructive year on record, until this year. Why is the Golden State so flammable?

2.There are three reasons why California has been surrounded by flames. First, the climate is becoming warmer. This has led to snow melting earlier, drier landscapes and a longer season when fires are likely to occur.

3.A second reason is that more people live in flammable places. Since the 1990s 60% of new homes in California, Washington and Oregon have been built in spaces next to nature. These areas, which environmentalists call the "wildland-urban interface", are at higher risk of wildfire.

4.A third reason is that there is more fuel. Before western settlers arrived, fires used to happen often and naturally, which made less fuel available for future fires. For the past century fires have been controlled well. This has led to a build-up of dry brush, and makes the average wildfire much likelier to turn into a big one.

5.Putting out the flame is the most immediate task for California, but not the last. Many survivors will want to rebuild their homes exactly where they were. Californians will also want to ensure that utility companies(公用事业公司) are acting and investing responsibly. Investigations into what caused the fire are still going on, but some reports suggest it may have begun with sparks (火花) from lines owned by an electricity company.

1. What may directly cause the big fire in California?

A．The warm climate.	B．Living too close to nature.
C．Too much fuel.	D．Sparks from electric wire

2. What does the underlined sentences in Paragraph 1 suggest?

A．The fires in California are all very destructive.

B．The latest big fire in California is very destructive.

C．California suffered from destructive fires most last year.

D．There have been six destructive fires in California in the past 10 years.

3. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．The reasons why California suffered a destructive fire recently.

B．The reasons why California suffered destructive fires frequently.

C．The facts that California is a place easily suffered destructive fires.

D．The opinions that California is a place easily suffered destructive fires.

4. What is the structure of the text?

A．1//2-3// 4-5	B．1-2// 3-5
C．1//2-4// 5	D．1// 2-5

4 . We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (迁移) is probably the migration of the fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mice. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobsters (龙虾). Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
1. Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to __________ .

A．give birth	B．enjoy warmer weather
C．find food more easily	D．find beautiful places

2. The fish called “salmon” spends a long life in __________ .

A．salt water

B．rivers

C．fresh water

D．its birthplace

3. The mice in northern Europe move when __________ .

A．they give birth	B．the weather is bad
C．the place gets too crowded	D．they haven’t enough food

4. The lobsters move __________ .

A．to the fresh water	B．to the sea floor
C．at a certain time	D．to find more food

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Animals move in order to find food more easily.

B．The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.

C．Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.

D．Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.

5 . Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people dismissing him as mad, Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.

After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice, 38-year-old Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,” he said.

At one stage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses (裂缝) that dot the mountain.

The descent (下落) had been seen by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy, urged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. “Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award,” it said.

However, the only body to make the news was the corpse (尸体) of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter the slopes.

“This mountain is always full of surprises. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience,” he said.

Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safety helmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was one of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition website jamming it for a time as others tried to access the site.

Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffering from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.

Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.

Kamicar comes from a skiing family and took part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.

1. Davo Kamicar made history by ________.

A．skiing down Mount Everest without rest

B．descending Mount Everest within the shortest time ever

C．attracting largest number of audience online for his descent

D．becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest

2. The underlined word foolhardy in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A．sudden and hard to accept	B．taking unnecessary risks
C．attracting public attention	D．working hard to fool others

3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Kamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.

B．The broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.

C．Kamicar’s family had a tradition to conquer Mount Everest.

D．This was not Kamicar’s first attempt on Mount Everest.

4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

A．Mad man skis down Everest	B．Darwin Award for Davo Kamicar
C．Extreme sports hero slides to a record	D．Body of mountaineer found on Everest

6 . In mid-January, Cape Town officials announced that the world-class South African city of four million residents would run out of water on April 12. The date, nicknamed “Day Zero,” has since been postponed multiple times, thanks to the intense conservation efforts by locals, a sharp reduction in agricultural water usage, and a 10 billion-liter donation from the private reservoirs(水库) of the Groenland Farmers Association.

The city now has enough water to sustain the current level of usage until July 9, giving residents hope that the rainy season, which begins in June, will be more regular than has been the case lately.

Four years ago, Cape Town’s water disaster would have seemed impossible given that the city’s six dam, which can hold 230 billion liters of water, were filled to the brim. However, three years of low rainfall – a third of normal levels – and the ever-increasing population, have reduced the dams to puddles.

In an attempt to avoid Day Zero, the government has imposed a strict 50-liter daily limit for all households. Residents are being urged to reduce their water usage by making small changes like taking shorter showers and reusing bathing water to flush toilets. Those that use more have to pay heavy fines.

When Day Zero strikes, a million homes or about 75 percent of the city will lose access to running water. Residents will instead have to wait in line at the over 200 water distribution centers established around the city to obtain 25 liters a day.

Though conservation measures will help in the short run, only nature can solve the problem. If the city gets enough rainfall during its winter season from June to August, it will provide much-needed relief. However, the local officials are not sure it will happen.

1. What does the underlined word “brim” in the second paragraph probably mean?

A．bottom	B．top edge
C．extended part	D．central part

2. What effort is being made now to avoid Day Zero?

A．Limiting the daily usage of water to 25 liters.

B．Establishing 200 water distribution centers in the city.

C．Reducing the city population as much as possible

D．Restricting water usage in agriculture significantly

3. What does the last paragraph mainly want to convey?

A．Tomorrow is still unknown.	B．Current efforts will pay off.
C．Man is at the mercy of nature.	D．It’s time to make joint efforts.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A．To inform us of the severe situation of water shortage in Cape Town.

B．To appeal to the world to come together to help people Cape Town.

C．To explain the cause of the severe water shortage in Cape Town.

D．To applaud the efforts by people in Cape Town to address water shortage.

7 . Sometimes it can be easy to become too satisfied when it comes to living sustainably. We may all have recycling bins in our kitchens, but here are some ways you can live more sustainably.

1. Put an end to plastic water bottles and one-off coffee cups

The only way this is going to work is that if you have reusable options you really love, invest in a great water bottle. This is an advance payment, but it will save you money in the long run. A 750ml bottle of Evian costs 90p in Tesco, meaning if you buy one every two days you could save £10 within three weeks by filling up a reusable bottle at home.

2. _______________________________________

The high street is problematic on so many different levels. Not only are you buying items with questionable supply chains, but the carbon footprint of each product is shocking as well. Online shopping is even worse, with overpackaging for each item and the emissions from delivery trucks. The answer is to stick to reach-me-down or previously owned items as much as possible. Not only will this save you money, but there’s also a sense of satisfaction in finding a hidden treasure from the flea market where you find outstanding bargains or something used, which you simply can't get from shopping in Wal-Mart or on Amazon.

3. Think hard about your transportation

Even if your car is supposedly a low-emissions model, it’s still going to be a huge contribution to your carbon footprint. There are times when getting in a car can’t be avoided, but if you can substitute just one flight a year with a train, one car journey a week with a bus. and one bus a month with a bike ride, you’ll find that making more mindful transport decisions can easily make your day-to-day life more environmentally friendly with little effort.

4. Try to buy local, seasonal produce

You may think buying strawberries in December or courgettes in spring is no big deal, but the chemicals and fuel used to artificially copy the right environment for them to grow create harmful gas emissions. Similarly, the environmental impact of transporting produce from another country is huge. Buying from local farmers also means you can often ignore the huge amounts of packaging the supermarkets use.

1. According to the passage, if we want to lower our carbon footprint, we’d better ________.

A．purchase a 75ml bottle of Evian in Tesco every other day

B．never do some shopping in Wal-Mart or on Amazon

C．buy strawberries in December or courgettes in spring

D．take transport with a low-emissions model if possible

2. Which of the following is most suitable to fill in the blank?

A．Avoid too much traffic on the high street.

B．Buy items without questionable supply chains.

C．Buy second-hand products as much as possible.

D．Avoid buying items with excessive packaging.

8 . A recent study presents the possibility of “carbon farming” as a less risky alternative to other carbon capture and storage technologies. It suggests that a significant percentage of atmospheric CO₂ could potentially be removed by planting millions of acres of a shrub known as the Barbados nut（麻疯树）, in dry, coastal areas. But other experts doubted whether the Barbados nut would be able to grow well in sandy desert soils and absorb the quantity of carbon their models predict.

The researchers behind the study say Barbados nut plantations（种植园）could help to reduce the local effects of global warming in desert areas, causing a decrease in average temperature and an increase in rainfall. If a large enough portion of the Earth were blanketed with carbon farms, these local effects could become global, capturing between 17 and 25 metric tons of CO₂ per hectare each year over a 20-year period.

Carbon farms would not compete with food production if they were concentrated in dry coastal areas. In their analysis, oceanside desalination（海水淡化）plants provide a low-emission irrigation method. The study states that the Barbados nut is uniquely suited to growing in regions unsuitable for other crops .The plant, which produces a non-edible seed that can be used to create biodiesel（生物柴油）, is comfortable growing at temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit. It can also stand up to high levels of pollution in the soil, making waste water another potential source for irrigation.

The cost of carbon farming is comparable to the costs associated with other carbon capture and storage technologies, the study claims. Wulfmeyer stressed that carbon farming could have “fantastic value for the local people” if international carbon markets pick up, promoting rural development and opening up the possibility of additional agriculture as the soil quality improves around the plantation.

In an email, Van Noordwijk, a chief science advisor, questioned the growth rate and the atmospheric carbon capture rate assumed by the study's authors, calling the estimated carbon price of the plantations a “considerable underestimate”. “We are talking about a plant with a shrubby growth habit and a long track record of misleading farmers with production potentials that are not being realized,” he said, and “Even with abundant water, the nutrient storage in sandy desert soil is low. He added, “The estimated carbon price of this option already indicates that there are far better opportunities for reducing ongoing emissions from peatland（泥炭地）use and deforestation.”

1. In the opinion of researches behind the study, all of the following will happen EXPECT ________.

A．an increase of rain	B．a drop in temperature
C．the reduction of soil pollution	D．the relief of global warming

2. Which of the following characteristics does NOT belong to the Barbados nut?

A．The eatable seeds of the tree.	B．High temperature resistant.
C．Biological sources of energy.	D．Adaptability to dirty water.

3. What is the attitude of Van Noordwijk towards the study?

A．Interested.

B．Positive.

C．Indifferent.

D．Critical.

9 . It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a less obvious kind of social upheaval（剧变）underway that is fast changing both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid growth in urbanization. In 2008, for the first time in human history, more than half the world’s population was living in towns and cities. And as a recently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come—with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.

As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn’t just about the migration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger to provide enough room for all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversity hotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.

Humans are the ultimate invasive species-when they move into new territory, they often displace the wildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities—especially in the dense tropical forests-carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It’s true that as people in developing nations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could in turn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents in the countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the real difference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanying increase in income—and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, which in turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing-but it does carry an environmental price.

The urbanization wave can’t be stopped—and it shouldn’t be. But Seto’s paper does underscore the importance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization’s impacts on the environment “There’s an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to think about how we urbanize,” says Seto. “One thing that's clear is that we can’t build cities he way we have over the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won’t allow that.” We’re headed towards an urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us.

Title	Urbanization
Present     1	Throughout the world, over half population live in urban areas with the process of urbanization still     2     up in the coming decade.
Characteristics	·People     3     into urban environments. ·Environments become bigger to     4     all those from rural areas.
5	Biodiversity hot-spots and carbon emissions in the areas will be     6    .
Means of urbanization	·    7     the wildlife away from where they used to live. ·Clear land to make     8     for new cities. ·    9     more food and energy, causing a rise in carbon emissions.
Conclusion	We should     10     the way we have built cities so as to manage the transition and reduce the impacts on environment.

10 . My professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart, about whether he overvalues IQ while I lean more toward EQ. We commonly have this debate about people—can you be friends with a really smart jerk（怪物）?---but that also applies to animals as well .I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart. There’s already enough thinking going on in our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads. Where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that’s where a dog is a vivid example.

I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter's respectful but firm determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we met with so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-discipline that she was ready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.

At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to follow, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighborhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.

If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child's success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that touches softly around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs straight into walls.

Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than annoyed, and her refusal to complain shows a self control of which I’m not always capable when hungry.

But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be spayed（切除卵巢）. We turned her over to a stranger, who was to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant. But when the vet returned her to us, weak and tender, there was no accusation, no How could you do that to me? It was as though she already knew that we would not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter’s lap.

I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and obedient. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, scold us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and carelessness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.

My friends who grow up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unselfish comfort and peace that adolescence plots to disturb. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights, a stable model when all else is changing. Sometimes I think Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they walk fast along but occasionally pulls them back to safety and solid ground.

We’ve weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters---what school to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.

1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that ________.

A．her professor brother cares too much about IQ

B．a dog is more than a pet and companion

C．a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ

D．she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal

2. Why did the author’s family finally keep Twist?

A．The author thought it easy to train a dog to follow master's instructions.

B．The author agreed to keep a dog immediately her daughter asked for one.

C．The daughter decided to adopt a dog because of her sense of responsibility.

D．The daughter spare no efforts to persuade the author to raise a dog at home.

3. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT ________.

A．obedience

B．patience

C．forgiveness

D．determination

4. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 mean?

A．Twist and the girls have become friends.

B．Twist knows how to follow the girls.

C．Twist’s loyalty helps the girls grow up.

D．Twist is capable of looking after the girls.

5. What does the author try to express in the passage?

A．Desires for having cute pets.	B．Attitudes to schooling and religion.
C．Thanks to Twist for her role.	D．Values in raising her hila.

6. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．The bond of dogs and Man	B．An model example--Twist
C．The growth of the dog-Twist	D．Another daughter of my family