1 . The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ________ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.

Rainforests have ________ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ________ renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ________ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ________, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so ________ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to________ forever.

The scale of human ________ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our ________. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ________, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.

In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ________. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ________ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this________, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.

Massive________ brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the________ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.

1.

A．maintain

B．capture

C．claim

D．prove

2.

A．changed

B．evolved

C．expanded

D．existed

3.

A．energizing

B．healing

C．isolating

D．breathing

4.

A．contributed

B．stored

C．reduced

D．affected

5.

A．However

B．Furthermore

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

6.

A．active

B．sensitive

C．interdependent

D．delicate

7.

A．restore

B．support

C．revive

D．last

8.

A．pressure

B．power

C．concern

D．strength

9.

A．existence

B．ecosystem

C．planet

D．survival

10.

A．unfortunately

B．consequently

C．naturally

D．similarly

11.

A．store

B．food

C．smoke

D．wealth

12.

A．subject

B．down

C．apart

D．victim

13.

A．trend

B．practice

C．increase

D．attitude

14.

A．protection

B．industrialization

C．modernization

D．deforestation

15.

A．appearance

B．explosion

C．loss

D．increase

3 . China's Chang'd has been operating flawlessly since it landed on the far side of the Moon in January 2019. Its arrival was later followed by the appearance of Beresheet, a probe built by the Israeli non-profit organization Spacell. It reached the Moon in April but crashed during its landing. Spacell has since announced that it intends to take another _________. At the same time, the United States has promised to set up lunar laboratories in the near future, while Europe and Russia have also _________ plans to launch complex missions. Suddenly, everyone is going to the Moon.

After the _________ excitement over Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin's historic mission in July 1969, public interest in the future of human space flight gradually _________.So what has suddenly made Earth's only permanent natural satellite so popular again?

One reason for this _________ towards exploiting the Moon is that humankind has simply reached a stage of technological evolution that has enabled this progression, which is _________ to the other great trends of exploration throughout history.

David Parker from the European Space Agency sees particular _________ with our conquest of Antarctica. The Earth's southernmost continent was opened up by technological advances - motorized vehicles, air transport, radio and other developments - that are _________ in the new sciences of machine learning, sensor (传感器) technology, and robotics. These_________ to transform lunar exploration in one crucially important way: by reducing the need for the continual presence of humans in hostile environments. And the success of China's Chang'e-4 provides an example of what can be achieved without human __________.

Mastering a harsh environment that is distant will require us to overcome all sorts of technological hurdles. Then we will be better __________ when we start looking at Mars, which is 400 million kilometers away — a million times farther from Earth than the ISS. For many space enthusiasts, the exploration and exploitation of the Moon is necessary if we are to send people to Mars. "That's the real goal for humanity," says Parker.

There is, however, another more poignant (辛酸的) reason for returning to the Moon. Six Apollo missions made it to the lunar surface, each crewed by two men. __________, only twelve humans have ever had first-hand knowledge of standing on another world, only four of whom are still alive. __________ their age, we could soon find ourselves in a time when there are no humans left with the first-hand memory of another world. I, like millions of other people, feel that it would be a __________ should this reality one day come to pass.

When the Apollo astronauts were flying to the Moon, it seemed like science fiction come true. It would be good if we could bring back that sense of __________, if nothing else.

1.

A．luck

B．risk

C．look

D．shot

2.

A．revealed

B．unlocked

C．exposed

D．demonstrated

3.

A．increasing

B．initial

C．ultimate

D．genuine

4.

A．died out

B．worn off

C．passed down

D．left behind

5.

A．shift

B．evolution

C．passion

D．preference

6.

A．favorable

B．available

C．comparable

D．accountable

7.

A．association

B．harmony

C．agreement

D．parallels

8.

A．imported

B．mirrored

C．transferred

D．applied

9.

A．promise

B．contribute

C．resolve

D．intend

10.

A．interference

B．destruction

C．involvement

D．emergence

11.

A．informed

B．enlightened

C．armed

D．converted

12.

A．Thus

B．Nevertheless

C．Otherwise

D．Furthermore

13.

A．Despite

B．Beyond

C．Regarding

D．Given

14.

A．tragedy

B．destiny

C．blow

D．revelation

15.

A．fulfillment

B．wonder

C．duty

D．identity

5 . Ecotourism is often regarded as a form of nature-based tourism and has become an important alternative source of tourists. It is broadly defined as low __________ travel to endangered and often undisturbed locations. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. And it often provides funds for conservation and __________ the economic development of places that are frequently poverty-stricken.

Ecotourism and other forms of sustainable travel have their __________ with the environmental movement of the 1970s. Ecotourism itself did not become prevalent (流行的) as a travel concept until the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness and a desire to travel to natural locations as __________ to built up tourist locations made ecotourism desirable.

Since then, several different organizations specializing in ecotourism have developed and many different people have become experts on it. Martha D. Honey, PhD, a co-founder of the Center for Responsible Tourism, __________, is just one of many ecotourism experts.

Opportunities for ecotourism exist in many different locations worldwide and its activities can vary __________.

Madagascar, for instance, is famous for its ecotourist activity as it is a biodiversity hotspot, but also has a high priority for environmental conservation and is devoted to reducing poverty. Conservation International says that 80% of the country's animals and 90% of its plants are __________ to the island. Madagascar's lemurs (马达加斯加狐猴) are just one of many __________ that people visit the island to see.

Because the island's government is __________ to conservation, ecotourism is allowed in small numbers because education and funds from the travel will make it easier in the future. __________, this tourist revenue also aids in reducing the country's poverty.

Despite the popularity of ecotourism in the above-mentioned examples, there are several __________ of ecotourism as well. The first of these is that there is no one definition of the term so it is difficult to know which trips are __________ considered ecotourism.

Critics of ecotourism also cite that increased tourism to __________ areas or ecosystems without proper planning and management can actually harm the ecosystem and its species because the infrastructure needed to sustain tourism such as roads can contribute to environmental degradation (恶化).

Ecotourism is also said by critics to have a negative impact on __________ communities because the arrival of foreign visitors and wealth can shift political and economic conditions and sometimes make the area __________ tourism instead of the domestic economic practices.

Regardless of these criticisms though, ecotourism and tourism, in general, are increasing in popularity all over the globe and tourism plays a large role in many worldwide economies.

1.

A．impact

B．frequency

C．standard

D．profit

2.

A．undergoes

B．supervises

C．benefits

D．ignores

3.

A．agencies

B．impacts

C．obstacles

D．origins

4.

A．addicted

B．opposed

C．reduced

D．attached

5.

A．in particular

B．in a sense

C．as a result

D．for example

6.

A．widely

B．accordingly

C．respectively

D．naturally

7.

A．subject

B．fatal

C．peculiar

D．close

8.

A．residents

B．species

C．properties

D．locations

9.

A．restricted

B．accustomed

C．connected

D．committed

10.

A．After all

B．On occasion

C．By contrast

D．In addition

11.

A．perspectives

B．consequences

C．criticisms

D．methods

12.

A．briefly

B．truly

C．luckily

D．carefully

13.

A．sensitive

B．inaccessible

C．cultivated

D．vast

14.

A．agricultural

B．remote

C．local

D．divided

15.

A．depend on

B．differ from

C．deal with

D．dig into

6 . Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and __ over plastic levels in the ocean.

The appeal of plogging is its __—all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying __ to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.

Running and good causes have always gone __ — just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.

Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting __ with their environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to __ our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There’s been a real __ in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.

We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through __ like plogging and Plastic Patrol.

The plastic Patrol app allows users to __ plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and __ to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.

Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause, Here are some of our favourites:

Good Gym

Its idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.

__ among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, __, Good Gym is finding a solution.

Guide Running

Guide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get __. By linking themselves together, the __ —impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat.

___for the Homeless

Start-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).

1.

A．satisfaction

B．hesitation

C．fear

D．control

2.

A．complexity

B．simplicity

C．instrument

D．expense

3.

A．substance

B．responsibility

C．value

D．weight

4.

A．one on one

B．head to toe

C．hand in hand

D．on and off

5.

A．positively

B．neutrally

C．objectively

D．fairly

6.

A．accuse

B．rid

C．assure

D．rob

7.

A．shift

B．interest

C．aid

D．delight

8.

A．motives

B．performances

C．exercises

D．initiatives

9.

A．eliminate

B．map

C．seek

D．degrade

10.

A．leading

B．devoting

C．ending

D．uploading

11.

A．Disappointment

B．Tiredness

C．Sickness

D．Loneliness

12.

A．therefore

B．moreover

C．however

D．instead

13.

A．excited

B．ready

C．active

D．smart

14.

A．visually

B．audibly

C．visibly

D．sensibly

15.

A．Running

B．Plogging

C．Driving

D．Cycling

7 . Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the hope of reducing the ______ of lives. In the past few decades, local weather radar advancements have been made, which allow for better accuracy in ______ the paths of storms.

Meteorologists and scientists have been able to successfully track severe thunderstorms and possible tornadoes by using an advanced tracking system called NEXRAD (Next-Generation Radar). NEXRAD is a tracking network ______ 158 Doppler weather radars. And during a storm this high-resolution computerized ______ takes readings on the amount of precipitation (降水) in the air, the movements in the clouds, and the wind speeds.

These ______ are bounced back to a local weather computer, and a colorful image appears on the screen, giving meteorologists a clear picture of what kind of weather is on the horizon. This final image is what you see when the meteorologist breaks in with severe weather reports and warnings. ______, on your television screen you will see a computer animated image of the approaching storm.

If the storm is severe enough, then the National Weather Service (NWS) will ______ severe weather reports of severe thunderstorm warnings for your area. ______, the storm captured on the radar will have produced strong readable winds, detectable lightning, and some hail (冰雹). Paying attention to the weather map is ______ when severe weather is around.

On the television screen you will see several colors on the precipitation map, ______ from blue (the lightest) to black (the heaviest). If the colors for your ______ area are yellow, take caution. If the colors range between orange and red, take cover immediately, as damaging winds and dangerous lightning have been reported.

When local weather radar in Atlanta, Georgia reported high winds, ______ wind patterns and large hail earlier this year, the National Weather Service issued a tornado ______. Meteorologists in the area used the collected data to predict what path the storm would take, ______ which areas needed to be warned.

Thanks to this technology, most residents received the severe weather reports early enough to seek ______ before the storm hit. Paying attention to your local weather source during severe weather plays a vital role in your safety.

1.

A．loss

B．increase

C．protection

D．value

2.

A．changing

B．controlling

C．predicting

D．guiding

3.

A．faced with

B．exposed to

C．involved in

D．made up of

4.

A．structure

B．system

C．mode

D．style

5.

A．figures

B．data

C．readings

D．statistics

6.

A．Most likely

B．Most evidently

C．Most interestingly

D．Most importantly

7.

A．decide

B．estimate

C．handle

D．issue

8.

A．By the way

B．In that case

C．To some extent

D．On the contrary

9.

A．vital

B．reasonable

C．normal

D．available

10.

A．expanding

B．spreading

C．ranging

D．extending

11.

A．proper

B．specific

C．typical

D．regular

12.

A．straight

B．unique

C．general

D．circular

13.

A．process

B．threat

C．warning

D．sign

14.

A．indicating

B．recognizing

C．revealing

D．recommending

15.

A．rescue

B．residence

C．support

D．shelter

9 . Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?

As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also impact the quantity, quality, and growing _________ of our food. Many foods have already _________ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become _________ within the next 30 years.

To start with what is _________ in many people's lives we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and irregular rainfall patterns, which invite disease to _________ the coffee plant and beans. The result? Significant _________ in coffee output.

And coffee's culinary (烹饪的) cousin, cacao (aka chocolate),is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually _________ warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and sufficient rain. _________, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be _________ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's __________ that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.

Another notably nutritious plant, peanut grows best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything __________ and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the __________, including droughts. The world has already caught a glimpse of peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the __________ spells (时期) caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!

Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the __________ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans. And that satisfying “crack” you get when eating crab could be __________ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.

1.

A．attitudes

B．choices

C．locations

D．resources

2.

A．contributed

B．earned

C．featured

D．reflected

3.

A．amazing

B．unique

C．typical

D．scarce

4.

A．necessary

B．luxurious

C．practical

D．original

5.

A．defend

B．rob

C．shock

D．infect

6.

A．increases

B．cuts

C．changes

D．failure

7.

A．survive

B．prefer

C．admire

D．encounter

8.

A．Moreover

B．By contrast

C．However

D．Therefore

9.

A．accompanied

B．influenced

C．blocked

D．doubled

10.

A．unlikely

B．irrelevant

C．inappropriate

D．immeasurable

11.

A．more

B．less

C．warmer

D．colder

12.

A．patterns

B．depths

C．extremes

D．ends

13.

A．rainy

B．shiny

C．freezing

D．dry

14.

A．revolution

B．shrink

C．extinction

D．evolution

15.

A．silenced

B．heightened

C．changed

D．minimized

10 . How Saving Wildlife Benefits Humans

It’s no secret that we’ve lost an overwhelming number of species within that last four decades. These species have all but _____ due to overpopulation, deforestation, consumer culture, climate change, animal exploitation, and other harming sources — all brought about by mankind.

One of the first great rules of terrestrial (陆地的) biology is “no species is forever.” _____, this rapid loss of species today is estimated to be between1,000and 10,000 times higher   than the natural extinction rate. As increasingly accepted theories have argued, we are now in the midst of the sixth great _____.

The Earth consists of plants, animals, water,   land, the atmosphere, and humans.   Biodiversity (生物多样性) _____ the health of the planet and has a great impact on all our lives. Reduced biodiversity means a future where food supplies are vulnerable (易受攻击的) to pests and disease, and fresh water is   in short supply. If biodiversity _____ impacts   our lives in such big   ways, then our conservation (环保) efforts don’t just benefit the environment, they benefit us, too.

One convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation efforts is that it ensures food _____. Wildlife conservation promotes agricultural biodiversity, which plays an important role in building a secure and healthy food system. When agricultural biodiversity is _____ and land   is cleared for agriculture, extensive habitat loss takes place, as well as undocumented loss of species and massive soil erosion (侵蚀).

Another benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that these _____ protect human health. Conservation International reportsthat “more than 50 percent of modern medicines and more than 90 percent of traditional medicines   come from wild plants   and animals.” _____,   a     world that promotes healthy ecosystems and biodiversity provides crucial buffers (缓冲) between disease and humans. A number of studies have _____ reduced diversity among mammal (哺乳动物 ) species and overall decreases in biodiversity to an increase in the transmission ( 传 播 ) of animal-born diseases to humans.

Perhaps the most convincing benefit that comes from wildlife conservation is that it provides us with _____ whether it be economically or socially. Increasing biodiversity and   healthy ecosystems improve agricultural productivity, thereby allowing farms to become more _____. Healthy ecosystems that are home to unique species _____ tourists from around the world, which helps the local economy and invites in a new fusion of investment.

Our unsustainable, unconscious, self-interested relationship with the environment has led us into an extremely destructible world. If we do not take action and _____ changing our ways, we     are at risk of losing more vital and _____ ecosystems and biodiversity,   or at least until the sixth   great extinction claims one final species: our own.

1.

A．changed

B．existed

C．disappeared

D．evolved

2.

A．Furthermore

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

3.

A．extinction

B．destruction

C．evolution

D．immigration

4.

A．threatens

B．localizes

C．strengthens

D．endangers

5.

A．infrequently

B．potentially

C．regionally

D．directly

6.

A．management

B．inspection

C．development

D．security

7.

A．identified

B．cultivated

C．exploited

D．valued

8.

A．initiatives

B．consequences

C．intentions

D．contributions

9.

A．In addition

B．After all

C．In particular

D．By contrast

10.

A．adapted

B．turned

C．adjusted

D．linked

11.

A．protections

B．opportunities

C．services

D．nutrients

12.

A．standard

B．welcome

C．scarce

D．profitable

13.

A．discourage

B．attract

C．forbid

D．protect

14.

A．feel like

B．keep on

C．set about

D．argue for

15.

A．irreplaceable

B．unpredictable

C．unlimited

D．imbalanced