1 . As the world’s population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations will generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. The pollution from trash is not only ruining the world’s oceans, air and soil but endangering all living creatures.

For years government agencies have been telling citizens to live a zero-waste lifestyle. Traditionally, manufacturers would make a product to be used and thrown by consumers. This linear model of production offered no help in the fight against global waste. Alternatively, a circular economy has been introduced. This is a system which aims to minimize waste and restore used materials. Once a product’s value is exhausted, the materials are recycled and returned to manufactures. The outcome is less waste.

In 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported on the Taiwan island’s recycling success rate in an article titled The World’s Geniuses of Garbage Disposal. In 1997, Taiwan established its signature 4-in-l Recycling Program, consisting of communities, recycling enterprises, government cleaning teams and the Recycling Fund. Residents separate their recyclable waste and bring it to their community’s recycling locations. The local government collection teams and private collectors collect it. Recycling companies buy waste materials from them to generate profits. Importers and manufacturers who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the Recycling Fund. The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program used to subsidize (资助) the recycling disposal system, support education and research and development as well as finance recycling efforts in the future.

By following a circular system, more products than ever are being manufactured using recycled materials. For example, used tires can be recovered to pave roads, while plastic is reused to make new plastic products. And it also helps to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, save landfill space and even create new job opportunities.

1. Why has a circular economy been introduced?

A．The population is on the rise.

B．It can help handle global waste.

C．The living creatures on earth are getting less diverse.

D．Traditional products are not environmentally friendly.

2. What can we learn about 4-in-l Recycle Program?

A．The recyclable materials can be collected officially or privately.

B．The importers and manufactures cover the costs of the program.

C．Recycling companies buy waste materials from the residents.

D．The government invests money as the recycling fund.

3. What’s the effect of the circular system?

A．It will cause no waste or pollution.	B．It reduces the costs of the products.
C．It helps lower the unemployment rate.	D．All the materials can be recycled again.

4. Which of the following does the text suggest?

A．Do nothing by halves.	B．All that glisters isn’t gold.
C．Actions speak louder than words.	D．One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.

2 . Record fires sweeping across the Amazon this month have been grabbing global headlines as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen climate change crisis and threaten biodiversity.

As the largest rainforest in the world, the Amazon is often called “the lungs of the world”. It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals, and 1 million native people. The vast areas of rainforest play an important role in the world’s ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere. They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, ensuring that less carbon is released, mitigating the effects of climate change.

“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and the people who use that biodiversity,” Thomas Lovejoy, an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic. “The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon goes into the atmosphere,” he stressed. “In the midst of the global climate crisis, we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity. The Amazon must be protected,” U.N. Secretary General Antonio Guterres said.

Data from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year from a year ago. A total of 71,497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019, up from 39,194 in the same period in 2018, INPE said. “We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon have decreased something between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months,” Carlos Nobre, a researcher at the University of Sao Paulo, told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.

Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest, whose degradation could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall. The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined, but the emergency has transcended (超出) Brazil’s borders, reaching Peruvian, Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly talking about?

A．The effects of climate change.	B．The role of the Amazon rainforest.
C．The results of the Amazon rainforest fires.	D．The causes of the decreasing biodiversity.

2. What can we learn from Thomas’s and Antonio’s words?

A．The biodiversity makes the rainforests unique.

B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.

C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.

D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.

3. Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4?

A．To prove the importance of rainforest.	B．To show the influence of forest fires.
C．To explain the process of the research.	D．To present the reduction of rainforest areas.

4. What is the best title of this passage?

A．The climate change crisis is worsening.	B．The forest areas are on the decline.
C．“The lungs of the earth” is burning.	D．The world’s ecosystem is under attack.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     1    (lie) China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China’s three rivers: the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang(Mekong) River. It is the three rivers     2     provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem     3     risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park,     4    (schedule) to open in 2020, has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a     5    (green) future. With Sanjangyuan     6    (take) the lead, nine other regions in China     7    (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years,     8     will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but    9    (it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great       10    (important) in the development and progress of human civilization.

4 . Swimming at the beach or in a backyard pool are well-known Australian summer activities. But while it is usually a fun time of year, there is a serious side to summer that you might not know about.

    1    There are lots of trees and dry grass in remote areas that can easily catch fire. Even throwing a burning cigarette out of a car window can cause a lot of damage.       2    

In February, there were more than 80 different bushfires burning at the same time in New South Wales, a southeastern state of Australia. The Guardian newspaper reported that 42 homes were burned to the ground because of these fires.     3    They are huge farms. Many Australian properties(房产)are larger than 1,000 square kilometers, while the biggest is more than 20,000 square kilometers—even larger than Beijing.

Every household prepares for bushfire season and protects their property. But sometimes the fires are too big and people have to move to safety.

    4     It was so hot in February that thousands of bats died from the heat. People can get sick if they stay outside for too long or don’t drink enough water. The heat can also cause power problems for homes and businesses.

    5    But it is worth remembering that the heat can cause lots of problems, too.

A．The Australian summer is enjoyable.

B．The hot weather also causes other problems.

C．These homes are not like Chinese ones.

D．Thanks to climate change, this year’s situation is even worse.

E．That is why summer is also known as ‘bushfire season” in Australia.

F．The dry season lasts about six months, usually between April and October.

G．The extreme heat, which can go above 40°C in some cities, is very dangerous.

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What did the man think of Americans?

A．Health-conscious.

B．Ignorant.

C．Lazy.

2. Why does the man mention organic foods?

A．To show how influential American food culture is.

B．To show how people’s attitudes have changed.

C．To show that Americans are spending more on food.

3. According to the woman, why are things different now?

A．People have access to more information.

B．People are more active in general.

C．People are more positive.

4. What does the woman try to avoid?

A．Watching too much TV.

B．Eating fast food.

C．Driving her car.