1 . An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is able to get. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match(火柴) because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
1. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers__________.| A．the damage caused by earthquakes | B．the rescue work after earthquakes |
| C．how to prevent earthquakes | D．what to do about earthquakes |
| A．Easily found | B．Easily broken |
| C．Expensive | D．Heavy |
| A．go out of the building at once | B．drive to a safe place quickly |
| C．take shelter under a tree | D．turn off electricity and gas immediately |
| A．shout for help aloud. |
| B．cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. |
| C．tap on a pipe or the wall hard so that rescuers can find you. |
| D．use a whistle if possible. |
2 . The United Nations Environment Program is calling for urgent action to reduce growing risks from chemicals. Better management of chemicals could save millions of lives and billions of dollars. As estimated, 143,000 chemicals are now produced. Yet the report says only a small number of these chemicals have been studied for their effects on human health and the environment. It says death and disability rates are high from the unsafe use of chemical products.
Sylvie Lemmet, director of the UNEP, says poor management of chemicals has a high economic cost. For example, she says the cost is higher than the amount of overseas development aid, or ODA, for health care in sub-Saharan Africa.
She says, “If you look at the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide (杀虫剂) in sub-Saharan Africa, only the injury and the loss of working time is estimated to be 6.3 billion US dollars in 2009. This is higher than the total ODA that is going to the health part in the same area.”
The UNEP estimates that chemical sales worldwide will increase by around three percent a year until 2050. Chemical production is moving quickly from developed to developing countries. By 2020, chemical production is expected to increase by 40 percent in Africa and the Middle East and 33 percent in Latin America. One of its biggest concerns is pollution of rivers and lakes by pesticide and fertilizer. Other major concerns are heavy metal pollution from the production of cement (水泥) and textiles (纺织品), and dioxin pollution from mining.
The UN report urges the chemical industry and governments to work together to develop safety policies. It says preventing harm costs less than fixing it.
1. The purpose of Paragraph 3 is mainly to indicate that ______.| A．chemicals have a high production cost |
| B．Africa needs more development aid |
| C．the use of pesticide causes a great loss |
| D．the estimated cost of poisoning from pesticide is incorrect |
| A．Pesticide. | B．Fertilizer. |
| C．Heavy metals. | D．Minerals. |
| A．The mass production of cement and textiles. |
| B．Lack of research funds on chemicals. |
| C．Poor management of chemicals. |
| D．Contradictions between chemical producers and governments. |
| A．The truth in Sylvie Lemmet’s comments |
| B．A UN warning about chemical dangers |
| C．The unpredictable future of chemical industry |
| D．Preventing is much better than fixing |
3 . Each year, about 7 million tons of trash (垃圾) is found in the ocean. This trash consists of cigarette ends, medical waste, plastic, mile-long nets, etc... Those items of trash choke (窒息) many species of ocean life so quickly that they eventually become extinct. Ocean pollution harms the earth and animals, and we should stop the problem.
Some other causes of ocean pollution are waste, poisonous chemicals, and the biggest cause is littering (乱丢垃圾). How do these items end up in the ocean? Waste flows through rivers and drains (下水道) directly to the ocean, so ocean pollution continues to step up. The estimated amount of ocean pollution that floated in the sea in 2012 was 288 million tons. This huge number continues to increase by 4% each year. That means 11, 520, 000 tons of trash increase each year. Imagine the future of our ocean. Will there be any room to swim? Also 80% of the ocean is composed of plastic: plastic bottles, plastic bags, and some plastic toys.
How can ocean pollution be solved? Use fabric bags instead of plastic bags. This would reduce the plastic pollution in the ocean. Also for the waste water problem, we could use waste water treatment system. Lastly using renewable energy sources such as wind power or solar power would limit offshore drilling.
If we don’t stop the causes of ocean pollution, water temperatures will continue to rise and ocean life will become endangered. Please be mindful that what we do affects the people around us, the animals around us, and the habitats around us. So will you pay attention to this problem or wait for the next generation to?
1. What leads to the ocean pollution worst?| A．Cigarette ends. | B．Littering. |
| C．Medical waste. | D．Plastic. |
| A．3 | B．4 |
| C．5 | D．6 |
| A．To introduce what’s ocean pollution. |
| B．To make a survey about ocean pollution. |
| C．To make us know more about ocean pollution. |
| D．To call on everyone to fight against ocean pollution. |
| A．The Seriousness of Ocean Pollution |
| B．The Solutions to Ocean Pollution |
| C．The Causes of Ocean Pollution |
| D．The Sorts of Ocean Pollution |
On April 22nd, the UNEP(United Nation Environment Programme) called for increasing protection of Antarctica,
This leads to an even
5 . Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai's footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing awareness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China's garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation's sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
1. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste?| A．No site for burying waste. | B．People's habit. |
| C．Economic cost. | D．Environmental pollution. |
| A．To practise waste classification. |
| B．To protect environment. |
| C．To save oil for farming. |
| D．To reduce the quantity of waste. |
| A．A program adopted across China. |
| B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules. |
| C．Doing the best with waste. |
| D．Protecting environment is necessary. |
| A．China will become the leading country of the program. |
| B．The program will be spread nationwide. |
| C．Development in rural areas will make great progress. |
| D．People will help develop modern technology. |
6 . My sister Alice and I have been trying to get people to stop dropping cigarette (香烟) butts (烟头) for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people stop dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.
At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray (烟灰缸)” written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!
Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.
At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups in America.
Now there even groups in England, Australia, and India! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.
One day, it will be.
1. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?| A．They made the town smelly. | B．They made the town unhealthy. |
| C．They made the town dirty. | D．They made the town poor. |
| A．Give ashtrays to the smokers. | B．Stop people buying cigarettes. |
| C．Pick up the cigarette butts. | D．Win prizes for starting groups. |
| A．no companies wanted to give money to them |
| B．the writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner place |
| C．there are only 45 “No Butts About It” |
| D．the writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes |
| A．Save our Town From Cigarette Butts. | B．Buy Yourself An Ashtray. |
| C．Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries. | D．No Butts Prize. |
7 . The Philippines, a tropical island nation in the Pacific, will now require by law all graduating students from elementary school to college plant 10 trees each before they can graduate.
The law was supported in the House and is now sent to the Philippines Senate for action, Supporters of the law see this as an opportunity for the Filipino youth to help deal with climate change and air pollution and build a greener environment for their generation.
“To this end, the educational system shall be a centre of spreading continuous use of natural resources among the young to make them socially-responsible citizens, The House bill stated, which was authored by representative Gary Alejano.
Alejano estimates that over the course of one generation the bill will be responsible for 525 billion trees planted.This comes from over 12 million students graduating from elementary school each year, 5 million from high school and 500,000 from college, equaling 175 million new trees planted each year.
The Philippines consists of 7,641 islands in Southeast Asia.Across those islands,deforestation has been a primary environmental issue.Agriculture has led to a significant drop in forested areas across the Philippines. Through the 20th century, forested area in the Philippines decreased from 70 percent to 20 percent.It is estimated that 24.2 million acres of forests were cut down from 1934 to 1988, primarily from logging.
The performance of this new law could set off a situation, by which the Philippines switches from net loss to net gain of trees, a simple and powerful message to the Filipino youth with the potential for long term positive influence.
1. Why does the Philippines make the law to plant trees?| A．To create a better environment to live in. |
| B．To show the government is taking action. |
| C．To make sure students can graduate easily. |
| D．To raise people's awareness of education. |
| A．Natural resources. | B．The future generation |
| C．Powerful messages. | D．The educational system. |
| A．5 million. | B．50 million. |
| C．120 million. | D．175 million. |
| A．A.loss of soil. | B．Agriculture. |
| C．Climate change. | D．Air pollution. |
8 . Green travel is becoming more and more popular. Travelers are changing their usual holiday places through green travel. It is not only good for the earth，but also for the experience of the trip.
Choose a green place.
Travelers should know something about green hotels before they book. Some hotels host educational talks to help their guests make green choices，other hotels will use signs and brochures to educate the guests.
Use public transport，hire a bike or walk.
It may seem easy to drive a private car to see the sights，but it is not good for the environment. To reduce the carbon emissions（排放），why not use public transport？
Choose to eat local.
Many travelers want to visit local homes and taste home cooked meals. Eating locally made a good influence（影响）on a country.
Say no to plastic.
One of the biggest problems in the world is the use of plastic. Green travelers can reduce the use of plastic by taking part in clean-up activities.
| A．Choose a green hotel. |
| B．If the places are nearby |
| C．Since plastic is everywhere |
| D．Have you made the right decision? |
| E．Choose a friend to travel with you. |
| F．The following are the ways of green travel. |
| G．Do you want to make a difference in the world? |
9 . Five Ways to Go Green and Save Green
Climate change is in the news. It seems like everyone's “going green.” We're glad you want to take action too. Luckily many of the steps we can take to stop climate change can make our lives better. Let's start now.
Save energy to save money.Set your thermostat（恒温器）degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating and cooling costs.
Unplug (拔掉……的电源插头) electrical equipment when you're not using it.
Save water to save money.Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower your water and heating bills too.
Plant drought-tolerant (耐旱的) native plants in your garden.
Fix a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much and the water and energy savings can quickly pay back your money.
Walk or bike to work. This saves on gas and parking costs while improving your health and reducing your risk of being fat.
Eat smart.If you eat meat, add one meatless meal a week. Meat costs a lot at the store and it's even more expensive when you consider the related environmental and health costs.
Use a water filter (过滤器) to make drinking water instead of buying bottled water. Not only is bottled water expensive but it causes large amounts of container waste.
| A．When speaking of something to eat, try local products whenever you can. |
| B．Our grandchildren and their children will thank us for living green. |
| C．Bring a reusable water bottle with you when traveling or at work. |
| D．Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible. |
| E．Less gas = more money and better health! |
| F．Move a little nearer to your work. |
| G．Many plants need little watering. |
10 . Over millions of years， African penguins have developed a keen sense of where to find food． Once they're old enough， they set off from the shores on which they were hatched（孵化） for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines． But they don't search directly for the fish themselves． When African penguins head out to sea， they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll（叶绿素）． Because those conditions signal the presence of algae（藻类）． And lots of algae means lots of plankton（浮游动物）， which in turn means lots of their favorite fish． Well， that's what it used to mean．
Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage（海市蜃楼）． The habitat is indeed plankton﹣rich， but now it's fish﹣poor． Researchers call this an "ecological trap．" "It's a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good﹣quality habitat． That habitat has been changed， usually by human pressures． The signal stays， but the quality in the environment gets worse．"
Richard Sherley， a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa． Historically， the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola， Namibia and western South Africa， but now they're going hungry．
"I was really hoping we'd see them going east， and finding areas which the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins．" said Richard．
The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap， African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80 percent．
Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving them to a place where they can't get trapped， like the Eastern Cape． But Sherley thinks that a solution in the long run means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable（可持续的） fishing industry， which needs public support．
1. How do penguins find their food？| A．They discover fish with their keen sense． |
| B．They swim long distances directly for fish． |
| C．They make signals to each other when finding fish． |
| D．They look for warmer and greener areas． |
| A．A trap set to catch penguins． |
| B．A good fish habitat with few fish． |
| C．A habitat rich in plankton． |
| D．A mirage on the sea． |
| A．Move the penguins to other places． |
| B．Create nature reserves for penguins． |
| C．Keep a balanced fishing industry． |
| D．Increase the population of penguins． |
| A．African penguins are losing their habitats． |
| B．African penguins are falling into ecological traps． |
| C．A sustainable development is needed． |
| D．African penguin populations have declined． |
