1 . After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.

Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.

The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.

As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.

The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．Wildlife research in the United States.

B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.

C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.

D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.

2. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?

A．Damage to local ecology.

B．Preservation of vegetation.

C．A decline in the park’s income.

D．An increase in the variety of animals.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?

A．Doubtful.

B．Uncaring.

C．Positive.

D．Disapproving.

2 . Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.

Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.

The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion”.

The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn’t exist now is the Eskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species,” one of the scientists says.

The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die.

One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.

He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.

1. What mainly caused the disappearing of birds’ habitats?

A．The decrease of awareness to protect birds.	B．Natural disasters.
C．Overuse of land by human beings.	D．The rising sea level.

2. What may be the main reason for many birds’ death on the way of migration?

A．Tiredness and hunger.	B．Beast attack on the ground.
C．Hunting of humans.	D．The long journey.

3. According to the last two paragraphs, how should we protect the migrating birds?

A．By keeping fewer cats or dogs.

B．By restoring their destroyed habitats.

C．By helping change the birds’ migration paths.

D．By preserving the ecological environments on their migration paths.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To call on people to protect the birds’ habitats.

B．To analyze the reasons for disappearing of birds’ habitats.

C．To offer some solutions to the problem of birds’ habitats.

D．To tell us a huge percentage of bird species are in danger.

3 . 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Lucas就你校开展的以“建设绿色校园”为主题的环保周活动来信向你咨询相关情况，请你用英语给他回信，内容包括：
1. 环境保护的重要性；
2. 你在活动中的表现；
3. 你的感受。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Lucas,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

4 . Every minute, every single day, about a truckload of plastic enters the ocean.     1     And to date, only 9% of that has been recycled.

We buy a bottle of water, drink it for a few minutes, and throw its permanent packaging (包装) “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, then throw their permanent packaging “away”. We buy produce, take it out of the unnecessary plastic wrap, then throw its permanent packaging “away”.

The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day.     2     As far as we try to toss a piece of plastic out — whether it’s into a recycling bin or not — it does not disappear. Chances are, it ends up polluting our communities, the ocean or waterways in some form.

For years, we’ve been told the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through better individual action.     3     But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess.

Recycling alone will never stop the flow of plastic into the ocean; we have to get to know the source of the problem and slow down the production of all the plastic waste. Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldn’t be to start mopping. You’d first cut the flooding off at its source — the tap.     4    

We need corporations — those like the Coca-Cola company, Unilever, Starbucks and Neatle that continue to produce throwaway (一次性的) plastic bottles — to step up and take responsibility for the mess they’ve created.     5     We will continue to do our part, but it’s time for the world’s largest corporations to do theirs.

A．This is their problem to deal with.

B．Plastic pollution is becoming very serious.

C．But here is the problem — there is no “away’’.

D．In some ways, our plastic problem is no different.

E．We think that if we simply recycle we’re doing our part.

F．It’s impossible for us to get rid of plastic pollution completely.

G．Since the 1950s, some 8.3bn tons of plastic have been produced worldwide.

5 . 语法填空

Strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks. Some     1     (smell) gas came out of them. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. At 3：42     2     the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake.     3     seemed as if the world were coming to an end！A huge crack cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of     4     (dirty). Soon the whole city lay in     5     (ruin). Many people died or were     6     (injure). Everything in the city was destroyed. People were    7     (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army sent soldiers to dig out those     8     were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for     9     (survive). Water and food were taken to the city. Slowly the city began to     10     (breath) again. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.

6 . Beginning 2020, the fifth generation of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout the world. The new network, called 5G, promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices. However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.

There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth's ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模)before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.

The millimeter waves, specifically, had a detrimental effect on birds. In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies(频率)is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density(浓度)of base stations(small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could threaten their population's survival.

Additionally, it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees. In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder(蜂群崩坏症候群). Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.

The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.

1. What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network?

A．The lack of the density of base stations.

B．The less mature devices and technologies.

C．The lower capacity for the use of devices.

D．The large amount of use of millimeter waves.

2. Which of the following best explains the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3?

A．Important.

B．Unknown.

C．Harmful.

D．Potential.

3. Why are bees important in the earth's ecosystem?

A．They play a key role in food production.

B．They can guide some pollinators to work.

C．They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises.

D．They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Should 5G Be Used in the Future?	B．The Influence of 5G on Ecosystem
C．The Research on 5G Technologies	D．How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G?

7 . In the past five years, about 2.8 billion of school textbooks were sold per year, with total spending of 20 billion yuan ($3 billion), news magazine Outlook Weekly reported, citing data released recently by the National Press and Publication Administration.

If these textbooks are reused for one year, the costs saved can be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in impoverished regions.

The figures show that in 2018, the number of retailed textbooks for primary and secondary schools was 2.93 billion copies, totaling 25.99 billion yuan. If all of them are reused, a total of over 20 billion yuan will be saved per year.

Zhao Dehua, in charge of a company recycling resources, said many college graduates sell the textbooks they have accumulated over the years at an average price of 1 yuan per kilogram. As these textbooks are mostly used to produce recycled paper, the cost is even higher than that of raw paper as the processing procedure of recycled paper is complicated.

At present, free textbooks related to music, art and P.E for the nine-year compulsory education have been reused, but account for less than a fraction of the total number of textbooks. Because of the supply chain obstruction, which increases the costs to match supply with demand, the lack of sound platform and service supporting system for the second-hand textbook trade, most of the textbooks used for compulsory education and higher education end up as waste.

“Every year, second-hand booksellers collect textbooks at a price of about 4,000 yuan a ton, which is more than twice the price of ordinary waste paper, but the number of people who come to collect second-hand books is still few,” Zhao Dehua said.

Besides, the incomplete policies and regulations might bring second-hand book sales platforms and sellers to legal risks.

“Establishing the system of textbook recycling can not only save resources, but also help to cultivate students’ consciousness and sense of responsibility,” said Zhu Pin, deputy head of a school of nine-year compulsory education in Jiangxi province. The school has set up a system for reusing the textbooks and the books are disinfected every week.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．College students sell textbooks in order to make profits.

B．Recycled paper is mainly used for environmental considerations.

C．The cost of recycled paper is greater than that of raw paper.

D．Certain groups of collectors tend to choose second-hand textbooks.

2. What is the problem of reusing textbooks?

A．It is blocked because of lack of funds.

B．The supply of recycled textbooks is not adequate to meet the demand.

C．The regulation of second-hand textbooks has not been carried out yet.

D．A large number of second-hand textbooks are not used properly.

3. What measures does the school take to use the second-hand textbooks?

A．The school frees recycled textbooks from bacteria regularly.

B．The school proposes regulations for wasting second-hand textbooks.

C．The school calls on students to participate in the system of textbook recycling.

D．The school requests the government’s support.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Textbooks recycled for less waste

B．Recycled textbooks used for compulsory education

C．Reusing textbooks good for environment and wallet

D．Reusing textbooks good for collection

8 . A student-led push to get solar panels installed at a middle school in Tacoma is receiving national recognition from a clean energy nonprofit organization called Generation 180. The girls involved are advocating and fundraising for the project.

Sammy Firkins, Gwen Newport and Annie Son will talk about their idea to generate solar electricity at Jason Lee Middle School in a panel discussion organized by Generation 180. In 2019, the three of them teamed up with their science teacher, Kathy Hall, to push for solar panels to be installed. Hall, who uses solar power at her own house, said it’s long been a dream of hers. The school would be the first in the Tacoma district to use solar energy.

The girls presented their idea to Gov. Jay Inslee’s STEM Education Innovation Alliance meeting in early 2019 and received enthusiastic support. They then spoke to the Tacoma school board and obtained buy-in from the district, though they were told the district did not have the roughly $ 200,000 for the 277 solar panels and that they would have to fundraise. They’ve since raised more than half that amount through grants and individual donations.

Gwen Newport said she’s always cared a lot about environmental issues and that she’s troubled that climate change does not get the attention it deserves. “At this point, I feel like it’s kind of been given to my generation almost as our responsibility now and so being able to be a part of this project and take action is really important to me,” she said.

The solar panels have not been installed at the school yet. But Hall said she estimates that the project will reduce the school’s power costs by about $ 14,000 a year, and that it also will serve an educational purpose. “We will have live data always streaming available so that people can see how the panels are working and how they relate to the amount of electricity we’re using, and it will be an incredible learning tool,” she said.

1. What is Generation 180?

A．It is the name of the girls’ team.

B．It is a project to use solar power.

C．It is a nonprofit environmental group.

D．It is a student-led push to install solar panels.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The girls raised enough money for the project.

B．The Tacoma school board rejected the project.

C．The girls made great efforts to fulfill the project.

D．The district covered the expenses of solar panels.

3. How does Gwen Newport feel about climate change?

A．Confident.

B．Concerned.

C．Relieved.

D．Content.

4. What is the main purpose of the project?

A．To advocate for donations.

B．To serve as a learning tool.

C．To protect the environment.

D．To cut down the school’s expenses.

9 . Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers. When seeing cities face constant resource and waste problems, I couldn’t help but think about how much travel can affect the environment.

Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist. But over the years, I leave the lights on. I fly a lot. I drink out of plastic bottles. I eat a lot of meat. And I love fish, especially tuna. However, recently, I’ve begun thinking harder about how travel affects the environment and how I affect the environment. In doing so, I’ve tried to be a lot more aware of my actions.

I don’t know if there is an easy solution for this problem. The most environmentally friendly activity is not to travel at all, but that’s unrealistic and too extreme. There’s so much money in travel that I don’t think the government and regulation can do much. Only when their profits are hurt will hotels, operators, and the industry as a whole begin to listen. Instead, it’s all about the consumers. The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.

Consumers have a lot of power. Why did Wal-Mart start selling only sustainable fish and whole milk? Consumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin to demand more environmentally friendly practices and avoid companies with poor environmental records, we can change things.

Now, I recycle more, I use fewer water bottles, I shut off the lights, Most importantly, I use operators and stay at places that are reducing their environmental impact.

Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn’t have to. We have the power to make things better. We can do small things and demand more of the places we stay and visit. We can and should demand more of places, and of ourselves.

1. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A．My experiences of protecting the environment.

B．Can we balance travel and the environment?

C．Is there an easy way to solve environmental problems?

D．How can we travel in an environmentally friendly way?

2. Why does the writer list his actions over the years?

A．To show he is wealthy.

B．To tell he is fond of travelling.

C．To indicate he has become less environmentally conscious.

D．To explain his hobby.

3. What’s the realistic way to solve the problem according to paragraph 3?

A．People do not travel at all.

B．The government takes effective measures.

C．Tourism industry follows environmental rules.

D．Consumers become more environmentally conscious.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Travel will surely destroy the environment.

B．Few things travelers can do to protect the environment.

C．We can get a lot from the places we travel.

D．What travelers do can make a difference to the environment.

10 . Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles(颗粒)along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies.

The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables---carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket.

The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization(血管化)of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).”

This study is important because it’s the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water(bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment.

It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans.

1. What is the study about?

A．The main cause of soil pollution.

B．The great changes in people’s diets.

C．The benefits of eating fruits and vegetables.

D．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables.

2. Why did researchers choose frequently eaten fruits and vegetables?

A．To lower the cost of the study.	B．To gain widespread acceptance.
C．To improve the accuracy of the study.	D．To reduce the time for preparing the samples.

3. What makes the study quite special?

A．It showed the influences of MPs on plants.

B．It proved the source of microplastic pollution.

C．It presented the danger of MPs to human’s body.

D．It discovered MPs in fresh produce for the first time.

4. What do the study authors think of the research on microplastic?

A．It needs to be further studied.	B．It wasted them quite a lot of time.
C．It has raised people’s awareness of health.	D．It has attracted people’s attention to diets.