1 . 语法填空

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or    1     (give) speeches.

In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject.

Generally,     2    , modern examinations are written. The written examination,     3    all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known    4    the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase    5    population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination,     6     (time) exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, appears like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students    7     (expect) to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called as “objective” test.     8    is intended to deal with is facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

4 . When middle school math teachers completed an online professional development (PD) program that uses artificial intelligence to improve their math knowledge and teaching skills, their students’ math performance improved.

This online professional development program relies on a virtual facilitator to present problems and provide feedback, aiming to enhance teachers’ mastery of knowledge and skills required. It covers why mathematical rules and procedures work and focuses on helping students employ instructional tools and strategies to overcome common struggles.

An experiment was conducted in which 53 middle school math teachers were randomly assigned to either this Al-based professional development or no additional training. On average, teachers spent 11 hours to complete the program. We then gave 1,727 of their students a math test. While students of these two groups of teachers started off with no difference in their math performance, the students taught by teachers who completed the program increased their mathematics performance by 0.18 points on average. This is a statistically significant gain that is equal to the average math performance difference between sixth and seventh graders in the study.

Teachers often have limited access to high-quality PD programs to improve their knowledge and teaching skills. Time conflicts or living in rural areas that are far from in-person professional development programs can prevent teachers from receiving the support they need. Additionally, many existing in-person professional development programs for teachers have little impact on student achievement. AI-based PD programs include opportunities for teachers to observe teaching practices. Teachers also receive real-time support from the program facilitators. The Al-supported virtual facilitator acting as a human instructor gives teachers authentic teaching activities to work on, asks questions and provides real-time feedback and guidance.

Advancements in AI technologies will allow researchers to develop more interactive, personalized learning environments for teachers. More importantly, AI-based PD programs can collect rich, real-time interaction data, which help make programs more effective. Despite billions of dollars being spent each year on professional development for teachers, research suggests that how teachers learn through professional development is not yet well understood.

1. What was the goal of the online professional development program?

A．To create widely accessible methods	B．To improve teachers’ teaching skills.
C．To solve students’ common problems.	D．To analyze students’ math performance.

2. How did the students taught by the teachers of the AI-based PD program perform?

A．They exhibited statistically significant improvement.

B．They performed even better than the seventh graders.

C．They solved the math problem faster than the average.

D．They started with lower performance but ended higher.

3. How does the author highlight AI-based PD programs in paragraph 4?

A．By listing current shortcomings.	B．By clarifying essential concepts.
C．By providing theoretical models.	D．By comparing different trainings.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．There is a demand for larger investments in professional development.

B．AI technologies have helped us figure out how teachers learn in trainings.

C．The expected benefits of teacher training programs have yet to be realized.

D．It is a must for teachers to complete the professional development programs.

5 . People used to value more about college name than college major but today an increasing number of students would rather choose a popular major in a less famous college than a random（随意的）major in a big-name school. What’s your idea? Which is more important? College major or college name?

Please write a short passage in about 150 words to express your idea. List TWO REASONS to support your idea.

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6 . 语法填空

The good news is that we can change, if we understand     1     habits work. To facilitate     2     positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles     3     our own positive ideas. We can also use the habit cycle     4     (create) good habits.

7 . "Moja, mbili, tatu…"One, two, three. Juliana Rubashai is counting aloud to show what she has learned in school. Delighted and proud, she counts to 20, but her mother, Zefrina Nandia, adds that Juliana can keep counting, and that she also can do some reading.

Nine-year-old Juliana is one of the children who have received aid through a project run by International Aid Services(IAS)in southwestern Tanzania, where many children stay at home all day, cut off from social contact and schooling. The project improves school facilities and raises local community's awareness about education. They train teachers and lobby(游说)the local authorities. In these ways, IAS is struggling to ensure basic education for everyone.

Zefrina was contacted last year by project coordinator Fortunatus Rafael, who gets in touch with families to get an overview of children's needs and school options. Zefrina had previously asked the local school to enroll Juliana, but was turned down due to lack of resources. Thanks to the project, the school can offer chances to more children.

Part of the project is training teachers in special needs education. Many teachers have received additional training in estimating the degree of a child's disability. During the first year of the project, 270 children with special needs have been evaluated, and of these, 200 got the chance to go to school. The teachers Scolastica Nyoni and Bwigane Mwasipu both appreciate how it has strengthened their skills. "When teaching children with special needs, we know whom to pay extra attention to. This means a closer relation between teachers and students," says Scolastica.

It's a year since Juliana got into the classroom, and her mother notices definite improvement. "She used to be lonely and unhappy. Now, she's much happier and always wants to go to school," says Zefrina. The teachers also notice big changes have taken place in the local community. "Parents are now coming to us to find teachers to teach their children with special needs. Previously, they didn't think that schooling would be possible for these children," says Bwigane.

1. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?

A．The life of a Tanzanian girl named Juliana.

B．The challenges faced by Tanzanian children.

C．The success story of a school project in Tanzania.

D．IAS's efforts to improve educational access in Tanzania.

2. What does the underlined word "enroll" in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Assess.

B．Award.

C．Accept.

D．Contact.

3. What do the teachers think of the IAS's project?

A．It helps the teachers know their students better.

B．It improves the relationship between the teachers.

C．It offers assistance to the teachers with special needs.

D．It provides disabled students with a chance to recover.

4. How does the IAS's project benefit the community?

A．Disadvantaged children receive financial support.

B．The overall awareness of education is raised.

C．More schools are willing to admit local children.

D．Belief in government's policies is strengthened.

9 . Between 1945 and 2000, educators employed a fairly uniform approach. The teacher was the sun in the classroom, and all lessons and activities centered around him or her. Educators stressed the importance of discipline and obedience(服从) within the classroom, and students were expected to follow very rigid standards for behavior and academic performance. The stated goal of this model was to ensure fairness by applying the same expectations; however, the result was that only a few students succeeded while many others were left behind.

When computers and Internet technology entered the classroom a few decades ago, another pattern appeared and progressive educators immediately saw the opportunity to change the way school worked. Instead of needing to focus on the teachers for the vast majority of the day, students could use computers, websites, and even games to learn new materials and improve their skills and knowledge. Not all educators welcomed this shift, however, as some believed it took power and responsibility away from the teachers and cheapened the educational experience for learners.

Over the last decade, two distinct camps of educators have emerged. Tech advocates stress that computers and Internet technology allow students to learn at their own pace in an environment that makes them feel comfortable, while the traditional classroom sets a pace that many learners can’t keep up with and often makes students feel uncomfortable. Traditionalists, on the other hand, believe that over-reliance on tech limits students’ ability to develop their own knowledge and skills and does little to prepare them for the realities of being adults in the real world.

Regrettably, the inability of these two parties to find an agreement has prevented the growth of our education system. We must learn from what worked in the past while adopting the best of our new technologies to create an education system that reflects our modern world. If we can’t get all our teachers on the same page, then we will be at risk of failing future generations.

1. Who can probably learn better under the 1945 -2000 model of education?

A．Lisa who tends to read by herself.	B．Michael who disciplines himself.
C．Kate who can focus on listening for long.	D．Tom who prefers hands-on learning.

2. Why do some educators prefer the second education pattern?

A．It allows for different learning styles.	B．It has the same hope for students.
C．It fires students’ enthusiasm for learning.	D．It reduces teachers’ level of stress.

3. What message is conveyed in paragraph 3?

A．Two of a trade never agree.	B．Everyone thinks in his way.
C．Every potter praises his pot.	D．One’s words reflect one’s thinking.

4. What is the author’s understanding of a good education system?

A．It’s full of well-trained subject teachers.	B．It’s an accurate mirror of the real world.
C．It’s inclusive and accessible to all students.	D．It’s an integration of tradition and modernity.

10 . Making the decision to invest in healthy lifestyle changes is more than just flipping a switch.     1    . Psychologists have found that it takes an average of 66 days for a new habit to become automatic, but the truth is that building and maintaining lifestyle changes is highly dependent on each individual. However, there are some easy strategies that can help you develop a lifestyle change plan that works for you.

Focus on the whole picture. Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle. There are many pieces that must add up to the whole picture. Building habits in only one area of the puzzle will leave your overall picture lacking dimension.     2    , so it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan.

Set realistic and achievable goals.     3    , focus on setting goals that are realistic. Instead of expecting to run a marathon in six months, shoot for running a 5-kilometer race then work up to the marathon. Setting realistic goals that you can achieve and then building on them will help you maintain momentum (动力)and stay motivated.

    4     Building habits takes time. Be patient with yourself and understand that the fastest way forward isn’t always the smartest way forward. The goal in creating lifestyle changes isn’t to get to the finish line as quickly as possible. The goal is to build habits that are sustainable in your everyday life.     5    .

A．Track your progress and adjust your goals accordingly

B．Adopt new habits slowly and build on success

C．Therefore, focus on building one habit at a time

D．The goals you set for yourself are essential for overall success in changing your lifestyle

E．Making sustainable lifestyle changes is a process that takes time, dedication, and patience

F．So, give yourself time to start small and build on success so that the end result is rock solid

G．Your physical, mental, and emotional health all work together to make or break lifestyle changes