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2 . Peru is prepared to approve new laws that would make it easier to investigate and punish researchers who engage in academic cheating, including paying to have their names added to a paper.
The move comes as Peru’s national science agency seeks to crack down on authorship buying and other dishonest practices. It recently removed two scientists accused of dishonest publications from a national registry that is key to receiving government sponsor, job promotions, and salary bonuses. And officials are investigating more than 170 other researchers at a Peruvian media report claimed were involved in academic misconduct, including 72 listed in the national registry who work at 14 universities in Peru.
The new laws will empower universities and government officials to punish such behavior. Dishonest publishing practices “ transcend mere moral misbehavior” because they enable researchers to obtain government and private funding without telling the truth, says Edward Málaga Trillo, a member of Congress who is the driving force, behind the bills, which lawmakers are expected to finalize early this year. “These individuals are operating academic cheating.” Peru’s academic community has been struggling with a rising tide of false authorship and related problems. One cause, some researchers say, is a 2014 law that aimed to stimulate research by rewarding researchers who boost their publishing output. For example, under a scoring system used by universities,researchers can earn five points for authorship in a high-impact journal, and two points when the journal is lower impact. A massing points can bring bonus payments and career promotion.
Signs of dishonest publishing can be obvious, notes Nahuel onteblanco,president of Cientificospe, a Peruvian group that investigates misconduct. Many of the papers cited by Punto Final have numerous co-authors from different nations with few prior publications on the same subject. “If your colleague consistently publishes 20 articles a year with co-authors from other countries, that’s highly suspect.” Monteblanco says.
1. What action did Peru take recently to address academic cheating?| A．Disqualifying 2 scientists from a national registry. |
| B．Fining 72 offenders for academic dishonesty. |
| C．Punishing 170 researchers for academic misconduct. |
| D．Withdrawing government fund from 14 universities. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Concerned. | C．Approving. | D．Neutral. |
| A．It advocated a fair scoring system. |
| B．It applied to high-impact journals. |
| C．It aimed to punish dishonest publishing. |
| D．It led to an increase in false authorship. |
| A．Career promotion. |
| B．Consistent research focus. |
| C．Co-authors from various countries. |
| D．Few citations by Punto Final. |
3 . I often hear kids say, “I’m not a math person” or “I’m just not good at math.” These statements reflect what’s called a “fixed mindset”, which is often associated with a sense of discouragement, powerlessness and inability to improve one’s situation. A fixed mindset is extremely common in math classrooms, but with the help of teachers, students can adopt a “growth mindset”.
This means believing in their potential to acquire the skills and knowledge. In strong, productive teacher-student relationships, teachers nurture (培养) growth mindsets. And there are some key steps in building these relationships, starting with giving instruction that meets the skill levels of individual students. Besides, it’s important to give students social and emotional support, so they could develop social awareness self-management, decision-making and relationship skills.
How could teachers do these among class prep and grading duties? I believe in applying educational technologies. With the right tools, teachers can skillfully manage to individualize instruction and meet social-emotional needs.
Razzaq, a math teacher at Doherty High School, has students from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and some were still learning English alongside math. The school once placed a student in her class, who hadn’t been in formal school since third grade. Students have different levels and social-emotional needs that demand attention from teachers. Sometimes they’re not aware or communicative of the areas in which they need help. Razzaq gives tests with the help of some educational platforms, which generate reports that summarize individual weak points. Then Razzaq could give instructions suiting their academic situations, making productive use of class time. She also uses technologies that provide insights into social-emotional experiences such as attentiveness and time management. The data enables her to initiate conversations that make a difference in students’ education.
More importantly, we need to examine our approach to education. Are we creating an environment where children can develop healthily? How are we satisfying the needs of our future generations? Only by knowing our vision can we decide the technology to complete the picture.
1. Which of the following problems do students often have about learning math according to the text?| A．Personal interest. | B．Low confidence. |
| C．Poor self-control. | D．Poor learning ability. |
| A．By giving an example. | B．By conducting research. |
| C．By analyzing statistical data. | D．By making some comparisons. |
| A．They encourage students to communicate. |
| B．They provide suggestions on math teaching. |
| C．They correct the mistakes students make in tests. |
| D．They give information about students’ learning situation . |
| A．A technician. | B．A psychologist. |
| C．An educationist. | D．A mathematician. |
4 . Now my dad is one of those people who never seem to have much trouble figuring out how to make money. Sure, Mom and Dad had some trouble keeping it for a little while during the bankruptcy (破产) years, but bringing home a good income was never really a problem. That’s because my parents have never been confused about where money comes from.
It’s something my dad has told me pretty much every day: Money comes from work. Our culture has made many wonderful advances to ensure the safety and well-being of children. But we may have taken this too far. Many parents today are so centered on what their children want that they have lost perspective on what their children really need. Perspective — looking at life over time — demands that you teach children to work. Teaching a child to work is not child abuse. We teach them to work not for our benefit, but because it gives them both dignity in a job well done today and the tools and character to win in the future as adults.
You should view teaching your children to work in the same way you view teaching them to bathe and brush their teeth — as a necessary skill for life. If your child graduates from high school and his only skill set consists of playing video games, complaining and eating junk food, then you have set him up to fail.
Another huge benefit of teaching a child the wonder of work is that she will tend to stay away from people who refuse to work. Why is this good? Because you want your daughter to marry Mr. Right, not Mr. Lazy.
So train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old, he will not go away from it.
1. Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad?| A．Generous. | B．Hardworking. |
| C．Considerate. | D．Confident. |
| A．To instruct children to work. | B．To focus on children’s needs. |
| C．To ensure children’s well-being. | D．To maintain the dignity of children. |
| A．Getting rid of bad habits. | B．Helping support the family. |
| C．Learning to use money wisely. | D．Keeping away from lazy people. |
| A．Career planning. | B．Parental education. |
| C．Financial management. | D．Parent-child relationship. |
5 . Sleep is essential for our physical and mental health, but many people may experience sleep disturbances. Lying awake for hours before falling asleep is a common problem. Despite getting enough sleep, they may still feel worn out.
Although counting sheep is a common technique to aid sleep, some experts suggest engaging in mindless activities like folding laundry instead.
Eating habits can also affect sleep. Consuming certain foods and drinks before bedtime can improve the amount of REM sleep, which helps with memory consolidation and learning.
Snoring, while generally harmless, can be a sign of sleep apnoea, which can lead to serious health conditions such as strokes, irregular heartbeats, and high blood pressure.
Naps or power naps taken during the day can help us be more alert and focused. So, taking small breaks during the day to rest and recharge can boost productivity and energy levels.
In conclusion, improving sleep quality requires adopting healthy habits and dispelling harmful sleep-related myths and so on.Only by doing so can we prioritize our sleep and enhance our overall wellbeing.
| A．Medical advice should be sought if this persists. |
| B．Many sleep-related myths can be harmful to our health |
| C．To improve sleep quality, it’s important to adopt healthy habits. |
| D．People of all ages report better sleep quality after listening to music. |
| E．Listening to music can reduce your stress and inspire positive feelings. |
| F．So people having trouble falling asleep always wonder how they can sleep well. |
| G．Walking is also recommended as a relaxing activity that may improve sleep quality. |
6 . Since young children went back to school across Sweden recently, many of their teachers have been putting a new emphasis on printed books, quiet reading time and handwriting practice, and devoting less time to tablets, independent online research and keyboarding skills.
The return to more traditional ways of learning is a response to politicians and experts questioning whether Sweden’s hyper-digitalized approach to education, including the introduction of tablets in nursery schools, had led to a decline in basic skills.
Sweden’s minister for schools, Lotta Edholm was one of the biggest critics of the all-out embrace of technology. “Sweden’s students need more textbooks,” Edholm said in March. “Physical books are important for student learning.” The minister announced in August that the government wanted to change the decision by the national agency for education to make digital devices compulsory in preschools. It plans to go further and to completely end digital learning for children under age six, the ministry has told the Associated Press.
Although Sweden’s students score above the European average for reading ability, an international assessment of fourth-grade reading levels, the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS), highlighted a decline among Sweden’s children between 2016 and 2021.
In comparison, Singapore — which topped the rankings — improved its PIRLS reading scores from 576 to 587 during the same period, and England’s average reading achievement score fell only slightly, from 559 in 2016 to 558 in 2021. An overuse of screens during school lessons may cause youngsters to fall behind in core subjects, education experts say. “There’s clear scientific evidence that digital tools impair rather than enhance student learning,” Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, a highly respected medical school focused on research, said in a statement in August on the country’s national digitalization strategy in education.
“We believe the focus should return to acquiring knowledge through printed textbooks and teacher expertise, rather than acquiring knowledge primarily from freely available digital sources that have not been checked for accuracy.” the school added.
1. Why do Swedish schools return to paper books?| A．To cater to parents’ increasing needs. |
| B．To help with children’s independent learning. |
| C．To overcome children’s addiction to digital tools. |
| D．To avoid possible decline in children’s basic skills. |
| A．Total acceptance. | B．Creative use. |
| C．Rapid development. | D．Serious addiction. |
| A．Teachers should acquire more knowledge. |
| B．Knowledge from digital tools may not be reliable. |
| C．Digital tools smooth out learning barriers for children. |
| D．The accessibility to digital sources should be improved. |
| A．Swedish Children’s Return to Paper | B．Problems with Children’s Education |
| C．Popularity of Digitalization in Sweden | D．Enhancement of Teaching Strategies in Sweden |
7 . In this present age, we are heavily dependent on science and technology. Involving courses such as physics, chemistry and biology, a science-based education system can not only equip the young with knowledge of the rules of the world but also develop their scientific curiosity and problem-solving skills. With the benefits and objective attitude formed when learning, the young have more opportunities to be employed in cutting-edge research projects and big companies. So as for Arts or Science, they prefer the latter.
However, we still rely much on the Arts to understand the world. Literature courses can help students to learn about different cultures by exposing them to various aspects of life and excite their imagination required by out-of-box ideas. Studying politics increases the awareness of global world. History can enrich them intellectually and socially, providing a deeper understanding of the world and their place within it. Also, Arts can develop emotional skills and moral values.
A science-based education concentrating only on the latest scientific developments and breakthroughs, may overlook the study of moral values as well as significant historical affairs. For instance, countless possibilities can be realised through cloning, but science does not reveal the moral dilemmas (两难境地) of its indulgent development. It is essential for students to assess the far-reaching influence of science on the world and realise that it must ultimately be pursued reasonably and controllably.
In conclusion, a science-based education certainly has its limitations. Nevertheless, a science-based education combined with enough exposure to values and the humanities would provide students with a deeper insight into the world.
1. Why is a science-based education system popular among the young according to the text?| A．It has diverse courses. |
| B．It provides more challenges. |
| C．It favors their dreams of being a scientist. |
| D．It contributes to more career opportunities. |
| A．By collecting data. |
| B．By giving professional reports. |
| C．By sharing personal experiences. |
| D．By listing the values of different courses. |
| A．Uncontrolled. | B．Normal. | C．Difficult. | D．Sustainable. |
| A．To highlight the difficulty of science courses. |
| B．To offer guidance on how to learn all subjects well. |
| C．To recommend Science & Arts combined education. |
| D．To stress the importance of the science-based education. |
8 . An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Among all kinds of books, stories matter. They can play a role in building moral values in young audiences, according to the results of a new study.
Lindsay Hahn is the first author of the new study, which mainly explores how media content influences children. Many studies done before have focused on broad conceptualizations (概念化), like positive or negative effects of specific content, but Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values might influence the kids’ values. Do children reading particular moral, characteristics take in those qualities and build their own morality? The findings suggest so.
“Parents, caregivers, and teachers are often wondering how media can be used for good,” says Hahn. “How can it be used for good things? How can it discourage bad habits? How can it educate?” Answering those questions begins with a better understanding of how to use media. “When parents are considering what media they might want to select for their children, they can further deliberate what particular moral value is being stressed by the main character, and how the main character is treated because of those actions,” she says.
For the study, Hahn and her workmates took the main character from a young adult novel. They wrote the content to reflect the study’s focus on moral values. Those stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. This is a favorable range for media research because it’s more difficult to introduce the understanding of stories to younger kids, while challenging to hold the attention of older teenagers, who become bored with basic storylines, according to Hahn.
1. What kind of book helps children develop their own moral values according to the new study?| A．A poetry collection. | B．A travel guide. |
| C．A storybook. | D．A reference book. |
| A．The response of the public to Hahn’s study. |
| B．The difference between Hahn’s study and previous studies. |
| C．The big contribution of Hahn’s study to children’s literature. |
| D．The negative effects of broad conceptualizations. |
| A．Describe. | B．Improve. | C．Title. | D．Consider. |
| A．A fashion magazine. | B．A sports report. |
| C．An education magazine. | D．A medical report. |
9 . What’s your favorite book? Think of all the books you have ever read. Now imagine if you had not read any of them, how would your life be different?
Out of 7.8 billion people in the world today, 12% are illiterate (文盲的). This means that 1 in 5 adults are incapable of writing their own name, let alone reading a line out of a book. While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights expressly states under its 26th article the right to a free education “at least in the elementary and fundamental stages”, marginalized (边缘化的) populations are often denied this basic right.
September 8 is International Literacy Day, established by UNESCO in 1966 to raise awareness on the issue by giving rise to support worldwide. In 1965, the World Conference of Ministers of Education (WCME) met in Tehran, Iran to discuss future plans which would involve the eradication (消除) of illiteracy. As a way to honor the opening of this meeting,the conference decided that September 8 would be announced as International Literacy Day.
This year’s theme for the day is “Literacy And Sustainable Societies”. But what exactly does that mean? Literacy has been associated with the reduction of poverty as it offers skills for gaining knowledge, values, and attitudes for expanding societies in a sustainable way. At the same time, the promotion of literacy boosts agriculture, health, and vocational skills, leading societies to become more efficient and environmentally literate.
So how can you raise awareness and promote literacy on this day? Host a reading competition at your school or simply exchange books with friends. You could create a book club or even start a writing competition. Be an active global citizen by commitment to raising awareness so that we can eradicate illiteracy.
1. What can we learn from the text?| A．7.8 billion people in the world are illiterate. |
| B．One’s life would be different without reading. |
| C．1/5 adults are capable of writing their own name. |
| D．Marginalized populations can also receive free education. |
| A．To raise money for the WCME. |
| B．To offer free education to all people. |
| C．To make people recognize the illiteracy issue. |
| D．To discuss future plans involving the end of illiteracy. |
| A．Literacy can make for poverty increase. |
| B．Literacy will thoroughly eradicate poverty. |
| C．Literacy may directly lead to sustainable societies. |
| D．Literacy has close connection with sustainable societies. |
| A．Do your part to help the eradication of illiteracy. |
| B．It is everyone’s duty to be an active global citizen. |
| C．Hosting a reading competition is the only way to improve literacy. |
| D．Only depending on UNESCO can not eradicate illiteracy. |
10 . Schools need to give students all the tools they need when they graduate. Besides teaching the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic, teaching about mindfulness, and mental health are important life skills for young people to have. The state of Florida agrees.
Now, public schools in Florida have been required to teach five or more hours about mental health for students in grades 6-12. This new idea was welcomed by the Florida Board of Education in July and is being carried out as a potential lifesaver.
The new curriculum (课程) requires students to learn about the symptoms (症状) of mental illness and where to find help if they are feeling sad or have other problems and even teaches the teenagers how to help their friends and classmates if they see them struggling.
“We know that 50 percent of all mental illness cases begin by age 14, so we are being active in our promise to provide our kids with the necessary tools to see them through their successes and challenges. Providing mental health instruction is another important step forward in supporting our families,” Education Commissioner Richard Corcoran said.
Florida is the third state, following New York and Virginia in 2020, to pass laws that require mental health education in schools. According to CNN, the New York law updated the health curriculum to include mental health for elementary, middle and high school students. The Virginia law required that mental health education be provided for 9th and 10th graders.
These three states in the US are taking bold steps to help youth deal with the intricacy (错综复杂) of life as they grow from teenagers into adults. It is a confusing world they face and giving them the tools they need is essential. Mental health is something that should be taught in schools in all the US and across the globe.
1. What can the new curriculum bring students?| A．Basic professional skills. | B．The ability to use language. |
| C．Skills that cure physical diseases. | D．skills to deal with emotional problems . |
| A．The steps of mental health instruction. |
| B．The consequences of mental illness cases. |
| C．The importance of mental health education. |
| D．The content of the mental health curriculum. |
| A．pioneering | B．surprising | C．confusing | D．suffering |
| A．A technology report. | B．An educational website. |
| C．A government document. | D．A natural science magazine. |
