1 . As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”

According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

1. The passage begins with two questions to ________.

A．introduce the main topic	B．show the author’s attitude
C．describe how to use the Internet	D．explain how to store information

2. What can we learn about the first experiment?

A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.

B．The two groups remembered the information equally well.

C．The first group did not try to remember the formation.

D．The second group did not understand the information.

3. In transactive memory, people ________.

A．keep the information in mind

B．change the quantity of information

C．organize information like a computer

D．remember how to find the information

4. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

A．We are using memory differently.

B．We are becoming more intelligent.

C．We have poorer memories than before.

D．We need a better way to access information.

2 . Flying across the Atlantic for the first time is a great ________ (成就). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

3 . One young person, who was well educated, went for a job as a manager in a big company. The president did the final ________ .

He discovered the youth was ________ and felt satisfied. Then the president asked who paid for his school fees. The youth answered, “My mother did it. She worked as a clothes ________.”

The president requested the youth to ________ his hands. So the youth did. They were smooth. Then he asked, “Have you ever ________ your mother wash the clothes before?” The youth answered, “Never, my mother always wanted me to ________.”

“Go and clean your mother’s hands when you go back today, and then ________ me tomorrow morning,” the president said at last.

The youth felt his chance of getting the job was high, so when he went back, he happily requested his mother to let him clean her hands. However, his tears fell ________ he cleaned his mother’s hands slowly. It was the first time he had ________ that his mother’s hands were so wrinkled (布满皱纹的). After that, the youth didn’t say a word and washed all the remaining clothes for his mother________. That night, Mother and Son talked for a very long time, longer than any talk before.

The next________, the youth went to the president’s office. The president noticed the tears in the youth’s eyes and asked, “Please tell me how you ________ about helping your mother.” The youth said, “Number One, I know now what appreciation is. Without my mother, I wouldn’t be successful today. Number Two, by helping my mother, I realize how ________ it is to get something done. Number Three, I’ve come to realize the ________ of family relationship.”

The president said, “You are ________. This is what I’m looking for to be my manager.”

1.

A．election

B．test

C．interview

D．competition

2.

A．strong

B．excellent

C．humorous

D．cute

3.

A．maker

B．cleaner

C．mender

D．seller

4.

A．wash

B．hide

C．show

D．dry

5.

A．found

B．let

C．helped

D．watched

6.

A．study

B．ignore

C．work

D．rest

7.

A．move

B．see

C．recognize

D．answer

8.

A．after

B．until

C．because

D．as

9.

A．believed

B．sensed

C．noticed

D．expected

10.

A．quietly

B．sadly

C．excitedly

D．angrily

11.

A．morning

B．noon

C．afternoon

D．evening

12.

A．worried

B．felt

C．brought

D．spoke

13.

A．important

B．difficult

C．different

D．impossible

14.

A．value

B．secret

C．type

D．change

15.

A．educated

B．respected

C．trusted

D．hired

5 . Student loan (贷款) debt has become a worldwide problem. In America, the country's overall student debt reached a record of $1.6 trillion in 2019. The average person with student loan debt owed between $20,000 and $25,000. A recent Japanese government report says it has been lending over $9 billion yearly to students since 2010. Similar conditions exist in Africa and South America.

Several factors account for high student loan debt. One is that employers everywhere have increased their demands for skilled workers, making higher education a requirement for many jobs. The students, however, after graduation, often find that their country's economy is not strong enough to support their financial needs, so their ability to pay back the loan becomes a problem.

To solve the problem, many countries are seeking their ways. Australia has developed a system where students do not have to pay anything back until they are earning at least $40,000 a year. In America, several candidates running for president in the 2020 election have offered more extreme solutions that all or at least some of these loans will be forgiven.

Some professors in several universities recently studied what the effects of debt forgiveness might be. They found that, overall, sudden debt relief greatly improved the borrowers' lives. Not only did they have more money, but they were more likely to move to a new area and seek better paying work.

Yet the professors' research doesn't include what might happen to financial institutions or the overall economy if debt were totally forgiven. It only looks at how debt forgiveness would help the borrowers. They warn of some other possible negative effects. If a borrower knew that if he ran into any trouble he would be saved because he could get the debt relief, then he might actually become more reckless (轻率的) with his borrowing in the future.

No matter what, the professors agree that if countries do decide to approve some student debt relief the neediest students should be helped first.

1. How does the author introduce the problem of student loan?

A．By making a comparison.	B．By making classifications.
C．By presenting some statistics.	D．By setting down general rules.

2. What can we learn about student loan debt relief?

A．It will surely provide some benefits to borrowers.

B．It has already been carried out in the United States.

C．It aims to encourage more students to borrow money.

D．It will prevent a person from landing a well-paying job.

3. What is the professors' attitude to debt forgiveness?

A．Uncaring.	B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.	D．Cautious.

4. What's the main idea of the text?

A．Student loan debt is the most serious problem worldwide.

B．Growing global student debt fuels search for solutions.

C．Student loan debt tends to pull the needy out of trouble.

D．People hold different opinions on debt forgiveness.

6 . Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better.    1     Below are some great ways of learning as much as you can without getting too stressed.

Find the right place to study.

The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions (分散注意力的事物) while studying.    2     You should keep away from television sets and phone calls. Get all of your study materials together, so you will not be interrupted in the middle of your session.

Break down the tasks into smaller parts.

When you have gotten everything ready, list the items you need to study, and arrange them across several hours or days, depending on how big your load is. As a general rule, assign (分配) at least one hour to each subject.     3     By doing this, you will be able to know more easily how long you need for each topic.

Schedule study breaks.

When you have listed all of your tasks and made a schedule, you should arrange study breaks.     4     This will give your eyes some time to rest, and yourself a chance to go to the bathroom or have some coffee. Scheduled breaks will reduce the need for you to interrupt yourself to the lowest level during the study session.

Put your tasks in order of importance.

    5     Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order.

A．Each break may take about 15 minutes every two hours.

B．Learn to arrange the subjects in order of importance.

C．This means going to one place that will give you peace and quiet.

D．The key to efficient studying is following the schedule strictly.

E．You can find a way to test your knowledge by having a study partner.

F．If you have a broad subject, you will need to break it down into smaller parts.

G．To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently(高效地).

9 . Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we ____ realize that those challenges are the very things that ____ us and make us who we are, it is the same with the challenges that come with____.

When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two ____. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing___ the challenge isn’t worth the___ and call it quits.

Although there are certainly___ when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most __ all that is needed is___ and communication.

When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how___ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to____ it and work through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a ____ for discussion and talking about how you feel instead of just saying what the other person did wrong. ____ you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.”___ “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.

In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for___ they are: small hurdles you need to jump or ____ on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is ____ to get over, and hurt only ____ to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, and it ____ to everyone, and some day you will ____ all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. And that’s a good thing.”

1.

A．seem to

B．come to

C．hope to

D．try to

2.

A．design

B．promote

C．direct

D．shape

3.

A．confidence

B．pressure

C．friendship

D．difficulty

4.

A．choices

B．expectations

C．opportunities

D．aspects

5.

A．demanding

B．deserving

C．predicting

D．presenting

6.

A．comment

B．loss

C．trouble

D．expense

7.

A．means

B．times

C．dates

D．ages

8.

A．cases

B．fields

C．parts

D．occasions

9.

A．assessment

B．commitment

C．encouragement

D．adjustment

10.

A．doubtful

B．shameful

C．harmful

D．painful

11.

A．keep

B．control

C．face

D．catch

12.

A．chance

B．plan

C．topic

D．space

13.

A．If

B．As

C．While

D．Unless

14.

A．other than

B．rather than

C．or rather

D．or else

15.

A．what

B．who

C．where

D．which

16.

A．pass by

B．come across

C．get through

D．run over

17.

A．unnecessary

B．necessary

C．impossible

D．possible

18.

A．serves

B．means

C．aims

D．attempts

19.

A．opens

B．appeals

C．goes

D．happens

20.

A．look down on

B．look back on

C．look forward to

D．look up to