2 . ①A group of 41 states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them. The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior: Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet? Here’s what the research has found.

②David Greenfield, a psychologist and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in West Hartford, Conn, said the devices tempt users with some powerful approaches. One is “intermittent reinforcement,” which creates the idea that a user could get a reward at any time. But when the reward comes is unpredictable. Adults are easily influenced, be noted, but young people are particularly at risk, because the brain regions that are involved in resisting temptation and reward are not nearly as developed in children and teenagers as in adults. Moreover, the adolescent brain is especially accustomed to social connections, and social media is all a perfect opportunity to connect with other people.

③For many years, the scientific community typically defined addiction in relation to substances, such as drugs, and not behaviors, such as gambling or internet use. That has gradually changed. In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the official reference for mental health conditions, introduced the idea of internet gaming addiction.

④A subsequent study explored broadening the definition to “internet addiction.” The author suggested further exploring diagnostic criteria and the language, for instance, noting that terms like “problematic use” and even the word “internet” were open to broad interpretation, given the many forms the information and its delivery can take.

⑤Dr. Michael Rich, the director of the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children’s Hospital, said he discouraged the use of the word “addiction” because the internet, if used effectively and with limits, was not merely useful but also essential to everyday life.

⑥Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses for the internet and that the definition of how much is too much can vary. But he said there also were obvious cases where immoderate use disturbs school, sleep and other vital aspects of a healthy life. “Too many young consumers can’t put it down, ” he said.“ The internet, including social media like Meta, are the drugs affecting the mind.”

1. What was Meta accused of?

A．It added problematic features to its platform.

B．It started a discussion to mislead young people.

C．It tempted children to use social media too much.

D．It conducted illegal research on its parent company.

2. According to David Greenfield, users tend to be addicted to social media and the internet due to         .

A．their under-developed brain

B．the random pattern of rewards

C．their desire to be socially connected

D．the possibility of escaping from reality

3. What can be concluded about the study introduced in Paragraph 4?

A．Addiction is something about behaviors instead of substances.

B．The online language can be interpreted from a broad perspective.

C．Current diagnostic criteria of “internet addiction” isn’t satisfactory.

D．There should be an agreement on the definition of the word “internet”.

4. Dr. Michael Rich and David Greenfield both agree that        .

A．proper use of the internet does good to children

B．the internet is to blame for disturbing healthy life

C．there are cases against immoderate use of the internet

D．the word “addiction” is improperly used on the internet

3 . ChatGPT became the hottest issue due to its ability to produce human-sounding essays, poetry, and screenplays on virtually any subject in seconds. Soon after ChatGPT was released, the potential for it to be misused to do things such as spread misinformation and write junk mails became apparent. Schools and educators also have warned of the potential for students to use it to write essays or other work they have been assigned. Last December, the software passed all three parts of the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination as part of a research experiment.

So the startup, OpenAI behind the viral chatbot, revealed a tool for detecting text generated by artificial intelligence amid growing concerns the technology will be abused by cheaters, junk mail senders and others. OpenAI said that its so-called AI classifier was designed to help people distinguish between text written by a human versus a range of artificial intelligence programs—not just ChatGPT.

OpenAI said it had schools in mind when developing its latest classifier tool. “We recognize that identifying AI-written text has been an important point of discussion among educators, and equally important is recognizing the limits and impacts of AI-generated text classifiers in the classroom,” it said.

The classifier isn’t good enough on its own, though it can be used to go with methods that educators, employers and others rely on to determine the source of a piece of text. In evaluations, the new tool correctly identified 26% of AI-written text as “likely AI-written”, while it also had false positives 9% of the time in which it incorrectly labeled human-written text as AI-written. Another problem is that the tool can’t easily tell if a list of facts—U.S. state capitals for example—was written by a person or AI, because the correct answer would be the same. AI-written text can also be edited to escape the classifier.

“While it is impossible to reliably detect all AI-written text, classifiers like ours can be updated and re-trained based on successful attacks,” OpenAI said. “But it is unclear whether detection has an advantage in the long-term.”

1. ChatGPT’s passing the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam is mentioned to __________.

A．account for its operating principles

B．illustrate its complex structure

C．emphasize its growing popularity

D．warn against its potential danger

2. What’s the function of AI classifier?

A．Deepening the impact of AI writers.

B．Identifying the texts generated by AI.

C．Promoting the use of AI in classroom discussion.

D．Arousing educators’ awareness of AI-related technology.

3. What can be concluded from the evaluation of AI classifier?

A．It is a work-in-progress.

B．It is good at storing factual information.

C．It can help a journalist to edit a text.

D．It is a reliable educational tool.

4. What does OpenAI think of AI classifier?

A．It will be reliable after continuous self-update and retraining.

B．Whether it can help educators in the long-term is out of question.

C．Whether it can solve the problems as intended remains a question.

D．It will succeed in detecting all human-written texts in the near future.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Reconsidering the Staycation

I’ve always been doubtful of the staycation. The newly-invented word is too cute for     1     feels like a comfort: While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van, you get to stay in your very own home and go to your usual supermarket     2     cookies!

So, I am fascinated to discover, thanks to my colleague Catherine Pearson, that I     3     (understand) staycation in a wrong way. Evidently, my tendency     4     (take) a break without a plan is unlikely to produce a restorative effect. Instead, one should make good preparations for that period of time. Jaime Kurtz, a psychology professor at James Madison University and the author of “The Happy Traveler: Unpacking the Secrets of Better Vacations,” advises     5     (ask) oneself, “If I were moving away soon, what would I most want to do, and who would I most want to spend time with?”

I like this saying “Live every day as if it were your last.” Any reminder that time is flying is a good one     6     it gets you to live better. This weekend, you could, for instance, seek out some vegan ice cream     7     doesn’t taste terrible. You could try running in a pool, which is easier on the joints but as effective as running on land. You could go for a walk or a drive while listening to “Slow Radio,” a very comforting BBC podcast     8     (feature) sounds of the natural world.

Whether or not you have a proper vacation     9     (plan) for the coming weeks, you could envision any coming weekend as its own two-day mini-break, programming it as you would a trip to somewhere new, with a journey     10     (exciting) than just “sleep as much as possible” and “mow the lawn”.

7 . So many of us are terrible at being terrible. As our children venture off to school, sports, dances and music lessons, we urge them: Just try something, keep practicing, you’re only a beginner. And yet, faced with our own failure, we become less confident, and quit altogether.

Images of perfection fill our social-media feeds, along with advertisements assuring us we wouldn’t be so _______ if we just bought this thing or tried that product. Parents often add to the pressure, _______ their kids will end up sliding down the socioeconomic ladder.

What if we’re _______?

“It’s such a _______ not to have to be good,” says Karen Rinaldi, who refers to herself as a horrible surfer. After 20 years on the board, she is still bad, and she loves it. There is the excitement of being out on the water, but there is also the _______ of not having to be the expert, the freedom to _______ help and rely on others in a way she never would at work. Back on land, she says she is more understanding and _______others’ mistakes. “The benefit of not _______ myself every day,” she says, “is that I get to surf every time I want.”

Ms. Rinaldi, whose experience led to a book about what you can learn from failure, recommends asking yourself: “What is it that you’ve always wanted to do or try but were too _______?” Whatever it is, she says, start doing it. Should you struggle, ________ the fact that you’re a beginner. “Go in there with the ________ to say, ‘I’m new,’” she says. “People want to help you learn. It makes them feel good.”

Take myself as another example. I started yoga lessons this summer. When I ________ Syd Schulz, a professional mountain biker, that I was terrible at the poses, her response was “what did you expect?” “It’s a little ________ to people who have spent years and years of their lives acquiring skills to think that you should have those overnight,” says Ms. Schulz. Years spent working on her cycling have taught her that improvement often comes in ________ steps, following long stretches of inactivity or even getting ________.

1.

A．distressing

B．imperfect

C．impressive

D．incredible

2.

A．fearing

B．confirming

C．hoping

D．indicating

3.

A．missing out

B．putting up

C．setting in

D．taking off

4.

A．burden

B．nonsense

C．puzzle

D．relief

5.

A．disappointment

B．nervousness

C．preference

D．satisfaction

6.

A．acknowledge

B．offer

C．refuse

D．seek

7.

A．angry at

B．delighted in

C．embarrassed with

D．patient with

8.

A．awarding

B．forgiving

C．isolating

D．pushing

9.

A．afraid

B．annoyed

C．depressed

D．exhausted

10.

A．accept

B．conceal

C．deny

D．examine

11.

A．excitement

B．modesty

C．potential

D．pride

12.

A．apologized to

B．argued with

C．complained to

D．shouted at

13.

A．abusive

B．amazing

C．annoying

D．attentive

14.

A．careful

B．hesitant

C．involuntary

D．unsteady

15.

A．alert

B．fulfilled

C．improved

D．worse

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

How Reading Saved Me

During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as     1     person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential.

Through my journey in college, I became engaged in reading and writing, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the environments I     2     (trap) in. I became good at using concepts and terms in conversations that were previously far over my head. More importantly, I eventually better understood     3     I had used violence to solve my problems.

Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried every means     4     (ban) books about biology, sketching, dragons and even the moon.     5     (claim) such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems stupid. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison     6     (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person — someone who can live in society by adding to it, as opposed     7    taking from it.

Without college and without access to books and materials     8     expanded my mind beyond the towering concrete walls, I might still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by violence and harm. That’s not who I want to be     9     I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see     10     (send) back into society.

9 . Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.

Dr. Karikó, the 13th woman to win the prize, had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money. She was preoccupied by mRNA, which provides instructions to cells to make proteins. Defying the decades old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable, she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.

She and Dr. Weissman had their first chance meeting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1998. At the time, Dr. Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine (疫苗) against HLV, which bad long proved impossible to defend against. A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS, he wondered if he and Dr. Karikó could team up to make an HIV. vaccine.

For years, they were at a loss. Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive. Countless experiments failed. They wandered down one dead end after another, But eventually, the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification (修饰). So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells It worked.

At first, other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination. But two biotech companies soon took notice: Moderna, in the United States, and BioNTech, in Germany. Then the coronavirus emerged. Almost instantly, Drs. Karikó and Weissman’s work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.

Brian Ferguson, an immunologist at the University of Cambridge, said. “The work of Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman in the years prior to 2020 prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century. They richly deserve this recognition.”

1. The underlined word “defying” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “        ”.

A．challenging

B．confirming

C．re-emphasizing

D．stating

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Dr. Karikó and Dr. Weissman’s research?

A．They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary.

B．They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification.

C．They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA.

D．They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures.

3. According to Brian Ferguson, Dr. Karikó and Dr. Weissman deserve the recognition because        .

A．they took no notice of others’ ignorance

B．they caught attention of two biotech companies

C．their work helped avoid the loss of countless lives

D．their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Chemical Changes Identified in the Pandemic

B．Approaches Adopted to Defend Against HLV

C．Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine Pioneers

D．mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA

10 . In 2020, OpenAI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skills by locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it ‘artificial intelligence,’ but a better name might be ‘finding statistical patterns from large data sets’,” said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor.

More recently, researchers at places like Google and OpenAI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language — more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.

But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer — and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.

Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence,” he said. “But it still counts.”

Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some A.I. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction.” But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. “They help us dream of the full range of the possible,” he said.

Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.

1. Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3?

A．It is meant to monitor human’s neuron webs.

B．It stores limitless data in its mathematical system.

C．It can identify images and employ human language.

D．It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns.

2. In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to __________.

A．illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfect

B．warn programmers against technology

C．show the process of slipping code into program

D．explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain’s speeches

3. What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3?

A．He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies.

B．He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain.

C．He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role in A.I. research.

D．He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards A.I.?

A．Enthusiastic.

B．Opposed.

C．Supportive.

D．Unconcerned.