2 . Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate (固定). Each time we fixate, we see a group of words, this is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time for which the eyes stop — the duration of the fixation — varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at a successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it is one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

1. The time of recognition span can be affected by the following facts except         .

A．lighting and tiredness	B．one’s purpose in reading
C．the length of a group of words	D．one’s familiarity with the text

2. The author may think that reading            .

A．demands more mind than eyes

B．demands a deeply-participating mind

C．requires a reader to see words more quickly

D．requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

3. What does the author mean by saying“but it is one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently” in the second paragraph?

A．The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.

B．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve one’s ability of efficient reading.

C．The reading exercises mentioned have done a great job to improve a person’s ability to see words.

D．The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both ability to see and to comprehend words.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.

B．Many experts begun to question the efficiency of eye training.

C．The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.

D．The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

3 . The stress of daily life has given rise to a new phenomenon—sleep texting. People with this condition send text messages while asleep to their friends and family—completely _________ that they are doing it.

Sleep specialist Dr. Cunnington, of Melbourne Sleep Disorder Centre in Australia, said patients had reported _________ of sleep texting -and he has advised people to leave their _________ outside the bedroom.

He said, “We have had patients who have reported sending text messages to their friends and family while asleep. It is one of those things that happens, but it is very _________, and certainly not a common trend.”

Unsurprisingly, there are no _________ into sleep texting—but a _________ phenomenon, sleep emailing, was studied in 2008.

Researchers at the University of Toledo reported the case of a woman, 44, who would _________ e-mails while sound asleep. She had no recollection (记忆) of sending the e-mails when she was awake. Dr. Cunnington said cases of sleep emailing were more common, and were likely to have a more _________ effect on the lives of sufferers.

He said, “Emails can be sent to work colleagues and have much more serious _________, whereas text messages are more likely to be __________ sent to a friend or family member, so people aren’t as likely to complain of a problem.”

Dr. Cunnington described sleep texting as the __________ of people having too much to do during waking life. He explained: People are doing so much during a normal day that it can mean that they feel like they’re “on call” even at night.

“ __________ it’s so easy to receive e-mails constantly, and get notifications (通知) from smartphones, it becomes more difficult for us to ________ our waking and sleeping lives.”

Dr. Cunnington said people __________ to get a quality night’s sleep must realize that the key point is that people need to respect their sleep, and make an effort to __________ at night.

1.

A．curious

B．unaware

C．sure

D．grateful

2.

A．missions

B．intention

C．courses

D．incidents

3.

A．mobile phones

B．personal computers

C．unfinished work

D．sleeping pills

4.

A．true

B．attractive

C．obvious

D．rare

5.

A．clues

B．details

C．studies

D．insights

6.

A．similar

B．strange

C．present

D．unique

7.

A．recall

B．collect

C．compose

D．polish

8.

A．generous

B．internal

C．harmful

D．positive

9.

A．consequences

B．preparations

C．injuries

D．discussions

10.

A．accidentally

B．purposefully

C．unreasonably

D．unwillingly

11.

A．theory

B．result

C．excuse

D．loss

12.

A．Because

B．Although

C．Whether

D．So

13.

A．combine

B．satisfy

C．describe

D．separate

14.

A．devoting

B．struggling

C．objecting

D．affording

15.

A．turn on

B．stick to

C．think about

D．switch off

4 . Today, in most of the theatres in Britain, the stages are situated behind a sort of arch (拱门), called the proscenium (幕布前的舞台部分) arch. The arch runs across the building with the stage on one side of it and the auditorium, housing the audience, on the other. The audience is kept to the area from which it can get a clear view of the stage.    1     The actor can ignore them until the end, when they applaud the performance.

    2     Stage furniture or properties -“props”, as they are referred to in the business -are now as few as possible. Elaborate scenery is used only when it is going to last throughout the play, or when it is so constructed that it can be changed quickly. Modern theatres are built with the stage extending far in front of the proscenium arch, if indeed they have a proscenium arch at all, electricity, already long in use, has recently had a revolutionary effect.

The modern idea of having the stage in front of the proscenium arch is not really modern, of course. It makes our stages much like Shakespeare’s.    3    The famous speeches of Hamlet, for instance, can be delivered more quietly and naturally than they were in the last century. The actors no longer have to worry much about not being heard, or about turning their backs to the auditorium.

Moreover, nowadays, people are finding that modern theatres are built to sit in comfortably for two or three hours at a stretch.    4     The result of these improvements is that, in spite of the high price of seats, perhaps more people than ever before are keen on theatre-going.

A．Over the last few decades, since the Second World War, theatrical customs have altered.

B．It makes people feel, as they watch a play or a show, that they are seeing a living and moving picture.

C．All these innovations have quickened up the pace of the drama.

D．This is an advantage both for actors and audience.

E．Today the theatres are much more comfortable because of the many improvements.

F．Often they can meet and eat in the restaurants attached to the theatres.

5 . Directions：Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的李明，你的好友李华受邀参加美国的夏令营活动。此时他有两种方案可供选择，一种是选择寄宿在当地居民的家中(homestay)，费用比较高。另一种是参加30小时的志愿者服务活动，但提供免费住宿。对此，他向你求助。
请写一封信给李华，必须包含下列两点：
1.你建议选择哪一种方案;
2.你的理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 你今天下午方便抽空来跟我见个面吗？（convenient）（汉译英）
_______________________________________________________________________________

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. control     B. ability     C. far     D. depression     E. absorbed     F. lists G. categories   H. straight     I. urgent     J. electronic     K. upgraded

Making lists is relaxing. It shows the shape of the immediate future; it calms you down and it makes you feel good when you cross something off. List-making is standard practice in treatment for     1    .It might even help you to get things done too. The more you have to do, the more you need a list and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them. Women always think they’re better at     2     than men. Men tend to have Tasks which they assemble into Action Plans while women just have lists of Things To Do.

James Oliver, psychologist, has created his own “time management matrix(矩阵)”. He writes a list of things to do and then organizes them into     3     ；things that have to be done     4     away; other things that it would be good to do today; things that are important but haven’t got to be done immediately and things that are less     5     but that he doesn’t want to forget.“Using categories to order. the world is the way the human mind works,”he says.“After that, you should divide things into levels of importance.”But he also warns,“If people get too     6     in making lists, it doesn’t work. They have too many categories and lose their     7     to decide which is the most important.”It’s all a question of what works best for you, whether it’s a tidy notebook, a packet of Post-it notes or the back of your hand. Having tried all these, student Kate Rollins relies on a computerized list, which is printed out each morning.“My     8     organizer has changed my life,”she says.“Up to now, I’ve always relied on my good memory, but now that I’m working and studying, I find I’ve got too much to keep in my head.”

So what are you waiting for? No, you are not too busy to make today the first day of your     9     time-managed life. In fact, there’s no better time than the present to begin to take increased     10     of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and pen and make a list.

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

For years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines. Every growth stage     1     (mark) in pencils, with each child’s name and the date.

Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s     2     (hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only     3     (discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved,     4     the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day,     5     I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.

They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer     6     work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours,    7     (take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow,she managed to photograph     8     we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image,    9     (transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.

Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me-     10     life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.