1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it.

The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system     1     or through their suppliers. That is     2     the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply     3     (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020     4     forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items.

The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK     5     (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally,     6    those without grew less than 1%.

What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be     7     (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The     8     (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste.

In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste,     9     collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer.

    10     the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.

A．Convenience.	B．Flexibility.
C．Light weight.	D．Security.

2.

A．A picture of the thief.	B．A text message.
C．The track of the thief.	D．A voice message.

3.

A．Distance alarm.	B．GPS tracking.
C．Digital payment.	D．Power supply.

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.

A．Peter Evans.

B．Jim Carson.

C．Gio Santos.

D．Kiren Nadar.

2.

A．Frightened.

B．Excited.

C．Desperate.

D．Quiet.

3.

A．He won the grand prize of the year.	B．He takes pictures of endangered animals.
C．He shots images of common creatures.	D．He loves to observe animal behaviors.

4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. cultivate       B. reassuring       C. opposing       D. objective       E. confidence F. evidence       G. perceived       H. functioning       I. estimate       J. existing K. scientism

Why Doubt Is Essential To Science

The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n)     1     way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their     2     beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.”

But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly     3     , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not     4     trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often     5     as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new     6     emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as     7     as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.

Scientists understand this, but in the     8     force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind     9     — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of     10     in the very existence of truth.

5 .

IRELAND’S NUMBER ONE FOOD MAGAZINE Welcome The thing I love most about Irish people is our tolerance and acceptance of the fact we have no clear summertime. Sunshine hits our shores for the week here and there from April to October. So, we have adopted a “take it when we can get it” attitude and are ready to sunbathe and barbecue on a moment’s notice, and if all else fails, we will do it anyway. This July / August issue is our summer special edition and it’s brimming with summer eating ideas for any occasion when the sun peeks through the clouds--a family barbecue on when a whim, children’s garden party, a picnic with friends on the beach or an ice-cream sitting on your doorstep, we’ve got it covered. Check out 5 ways with skewer p. 42 so you can whip up something for the barbecue at a minute’s notice, 30 speedy salads and dressings p. 46 will mean you won’t arrive to a friend’s house empty-handed. Cooking begins at home, and most of us learned from one or both of our parents. Every junior cook should start their own collection of recipes, marking their favourites, tweaking them to their liking as they learn how to enjoy new ingredients. This is why we have created Easy Juniors p. 58 --our new cut-out-and-keep recipe page just for our younger readers. Speaking of cooking talent, I am delighted to say that the Easy Food Home-Cook Hero Awards 2013 is officially open for entries! This cookery competition is our annual event in which we ask everyone to enter their favourite recipes across a variety of categories. The top three finalists, as chosen by us, in each category are asked to join us on Saturday, November 9th in Cooks Academy Cookery School in Dublin city centre to cook their dish. Each dish will be judged by our panel of judges and then winners are announced at a black-tie awards ceremony in the Shelbourne Hotel that evening. People of all ages can enter and there are lots of categories to choose from, so go to p. 15 for full details on how to enter and best of luck. As always, I hope you enjoy reading. Dee Laffan, Editor Easy Food 3

1. According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?

A．What Irish people love most is sunbathing at the shore in summer.

B．Salads and dressings seems like preferable gifts when visiting a friend.

C．All the people learn to cook following one or both of their parents’ recipes.

D．The winner of cookery competition will be announced at a formal ceremony.

2. This passage is mainly written to ________.

A．introduce the content covered in the magazine

B．provide cut-out-and-keep recipe for junior cooks

C．invite cooking talents to take part in a competition

D．call on Irish people to enjoy precious summertime

3. Easy Food is most probably written for ________.

A．a food critic working for Michelin

B．a mother of a new-born child

C．a student interested in cooking

D．a chef full of experience

6 . Unwrapping your shopping to find you have bought mouldy (发霉的) bread, rotten fruit and sour milk could soon become a thing of the past, thanks to the range of emerging 'active packaging' technologies. While traditional packaging simply _______ a barrier that protects food, active packaging can do a lot more. Some materials _______ with the product to improve it in some way, or provide better information on the state it is in. _______, they may absorb oxygen inside a wrapper to help prevent food spoilage or show whether potentially dangerous foods like red meat and chicken have been stored at unsafe temperatures.

One of the new breed of packaging technologies that have just gone on the market in France is a ‘time temperature indicator’. Stores where the product has already been introduced report that far fewer consumers are returning _______ food. The indicator is basically a label that _______ the temperature a package has been kept at and for how long. The label has a dark ring around a lighter circle. The central ring contains a chemical which polymerises (聚合), changing colour as it does so from _______ to dark. If the package stays cool, the reaction is slow, but increasing the temperature speeds up the polymerization. When the inner circle darkens, it means the product is no longer _______ fresh.

Smart packaging can also control the _______ of the atmosphere inside a container. For instance, the make-up of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) within packaged vegetables will influence their freshness. This can be hard to control in a sealed package, since vegetables _______ more oxygen and give off more carbon dioxide as the package gets warmer. A firm in California is trying to solve the problem with a wrapper it calls ‘Intelimer’ which changes its permeability (渗透) as the temperature changes in a way that keeps different produces at their best O2/CO2 ________.

Decay can also be ________ by controlling the environment inside a package with an ‘oxygen scavenger’(清除剂). ________, this is achieved by placing a small bag filled with iron powder in the package — any oxygen in the package is consumed by the iron as it oxidises. However, consumers don't ________ finding small bags marked ‘Don't eat in their food’, so a company in New Jersey is making a wrap that itself consumes oxygen. The ________ includes an inner layer of an oxidisable polymer (聚合物) that traps oxygen in the same way as iron.

It is predicted that between 20 and 40 per cent of all food packaging will soon be ________.

1.

A．acts as

B．belongs to

C．deals with

D．relies on

2.

A．interweave

B．match

C．interact

D．interfere

3.

A．Even so

B．For instance

C．In consequence

D．What's more

4.

A．broken

B．inadequate

C．spoilt

D．unnecessary

5.

A．elevates

B．lowers

C．projects

D．tracks

6.

A．neutral

B．plain

C．clear

D．cloudy

7.

A．guaranteed

B．observed

C．purchased

D．recognized

8.

A．composition

B．context

C．temperature

D．tightness

9.

A．generate

B．consume

C．affect

D．integrate

10.

A．components

B．concentrations

C．mixtures

D．restrictions

11.

A．taken on

B．sped up

C．turned away

D．slowed down

12.

A．Theoretically

B．Apparently

C．Surprisingly

D．Currently

13.

A．resist

B．mind

C．favor

D．protest

14.

A．metal

B．form

C．powder

D．material

15.

A．effective

B．productive

C．active

D．inviting

7 . 只要你踏踏实实，尽自己所能一步步地向梦想靠近，便会越挫越勇，离梦想越来越近。（rooted; take）(汉译英）

8 . 年龄在25岁到45岁之间的教师可能有出国进修的机会。（range; likely）(汉译英）

9 . 尽管这部根据真人真事改编的电影结果失败了，但它确实提供给人们一些值得深思的东西。（base; turn out）(汉译英）

10 . 人们普遍认为街头暴力的增加和电视恐怖片有密切的关系。（relate）(汉译英）