1 . The high intelligence levels of orangutans (红毛猩猩) have long been recognised, partly due to their practical skills such as using tools to crack nuts and search for insects. But new research suggests the primate (灵长动物) has another handy skill: applying medicinal herbs intentionally to an open wound.

A male Sumatran orangutan known as Rakus was observed by the research team with a fresh facial wound in June 2022. Three days later, Rakus was witnessed feeding on the stem and leaves of a plant. Thirteen minutes after Rakus had started feeding on it, he began chewing the leaves without swallowing them, then used his fingers to apply the resulting juice directly on to his facial wound. He repeated this behavior for seven minutes and at last fully covered the wound with the chewed leaves. He then continued feeding on the plant for 30 minutes. Over the following days, there were no signs of infection. The wound closed within five days and was healed, with only a faint scar remaining after one month.

It is not the first time wild primate species have been spotted self-medicating: among other examples, Bornean orangutans have been seen rubbing their arms and legs with chewed leaves from a plant used by humans to treat sore muscles, while chimpanzees have been recorded chewing plants known to treat worm infections and applying insects to wounds. However, the new discovery is the first time a wild animal has been observed treating open wounds with a substance known to have medicinal properties. “In the chimpanzee case they used insects and unfortunately it was never found out whether these insects really promote wound healing. Whereas in our case, the orangutan used the plant, and this plant has known medical properties,” said Dr Caroline Schuppli, senior author of the research.

Rakus’s goal-oriented behavior and the medicinal properties of his chosen treatment offer insight into the origins of human wound care-the treatment of which was first mentioned in a medical manuscript dating to 2200BC. “It definitely shows that these basic cognitive capacities that you need to come up with a behaviour like this were present at the time of our last common ancestor most likely,” said Schuppli.

It remains unclear whether Rakus figured the process out for himself or learned it from another orangutan, although it has not been seen in any other individual.

1. How did the team conduct their research?

A．By analyzing previous records.	B．By tracking the research object.
C．By quoting others’ findings.	D．By categorizing qualities of primates.

2. What sets this new case apart from the previous ones?

A．The primate’s awareness of herb selection.	B．The locations of the wild primates.
C．The sizes of the application range.	D．The outcome of the treatment.

3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Supporting evidence for the research results.

B．Potential significance of the research findings.

C．A further explanation of the research summary.

D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.

4. What will the follow-up study focus on?

A．The origin of Rakus’ intentional self-medication.

B．Different medicinal plants used by wild primates.

C．Active wound treatment s shared by humans and primates

D．The possible influence from Rakus’ family.

3 . In a small wooden sauna (蒸汽浴), a team of 14 people in costumes squeezed in, including one in a Spider-Man suit. Steam hovered overhead. Three minutes were on the clock. At exactly three minutes, everyone rushed out, found their robes and set out in the snow searching for the next stop in the winter race.

At the 13th European Sauna Marathon, teams dragged through ice and snow to clock three minutes in 18 different saunas over one afternoon. Each team is given a map and an electronic tracker to keep everyone honest on their three minutes. Some locations are nearly 30 miles away. At this year’s competition, in early February, I joined a team to complete the circuit, sweating through the steam and jumping into ice holes at top speed.

One of the competition categories is to vote on the best sauna experience. Participants vote by heat, music, snacks and novelty. This year’s winner was a sauna in the sky, equipped with a wood-burning stove lifted 50 feet in the air by an industrial crane while each team sweated inside. When the sauna hit the ground, a charming cowboy handed out ice-cold sweet drinks as a goodbye.

Most of the saunas are run by local enthusiasts, friendly families and businesses giving out pre-sauna beers and grilled meats. One was a hobbit house with a snowy roof slide that ended in an ice hole. Another served as part of the relief effort after this sauna competition.

This year registration sold out within two hours. The entries are capped at 200 teams. But organizers say they hold 40 places for teams from abroad to experience Estonian sauna culture. I made it to all the saunas, and my preference was beekeeper’s sauna with an ice hole. For my part, the whole journey is less marathon and more festival — celebrating all things sauna. It’s definitely worth a try after a whole day’s tiring work.

1. What can we know about the 13th European Sauna Marathon?

A．Participants are supposed to compete at will.

B．Participants are not permitted to team up with others.

C．Participants experience different saunas within one afternoon.

D．Participants wear identical clothes throughout the competition.

2. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2 and 3?

A．The content of the sauna competition.

B．Guidance on how to assess the sauna competition.

C．The author’s skills in excelling at the competition.

D．The author’s efforts to finish the sauna competition.

3. How did the author feel after the competition?

A．Panicked and frightened.	B．Satisfied and refreshed.
C．Astonished and embarrassed.	D．Fearful and sorrowful.

4. In which column of a magazine can we probably read the text?

A．Life Style

B．Cultural Thinking

C．Sports Club

D．Fashion Costume

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I’ve always had a love for basketball, so when it came time to continue my basketball journey at Columbia High School, I resolved to make it onto the school’s varsity (校队)   basketball team. Any time I wasn’t studying, I was putting on my sports shoes and hitting the school stadium. Just before bed, I’d look up videos of LeBron James and Kevin Durant, trying to learn from the professionals. Day and night, all I could think about was how to get better and how to improve.

After months and months of practice and playing on the junior varsity team, Coach Moore finally told me one day that I was going to be playing for our school’s varsity basketball team going into my junior year. Success! Time for the big league! What I didn’t know, however, was that I was going to face a pretty big challenge in the form of a new transfer student: Chet Harrison.

Harrison had just transferred from another school, Westmoreland High School, where he had already been playing for the varsity team. There were rumors floating around that he was nearly guaranteed a spot playing in the National Collegiate Athletic Association and maybe even the National Basketball League someday.

I’ll admit, the kid was a natural talent when it came to playing basketball. But Harrison’s biggest weakness was his personality. He seemed selfish and sometimes acted like a bully, always seeking attention and showing off after scoring goals. Despite his loyal following of fans, I couldn’t stand him. But after Coach Moore said that Harrison and I would be playing together, I decided to accept it and make peace with the situation.

After months of putting up with Harrison’s attitude, I nearly had enough. Just before the winter break, however, we played a home match against Harrison’s old school Westmoreland and we lost. Harrison in particular felt utterly embarrassed.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I found Harrison struggling to fight off tears in a corner of the boys’ locker room.

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After months of working together, we found ourselves again facing Westmoreland on the basketball court for the finals.

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6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In Xinjiang, China, the beautiful scenery can often take miraculous forms. Anjihai Town has become famous the world over due to one canyon (峡谷) in particular. The river,     1     originates in the Tianshan Mountains,     2     (rush) down the steep slopes, carving its way through cliffs formed over thousands of years.

The canyon is about 30 kilometers     3     length, with the valley floor being 3 to 4 hundred meters at its     4     (wide), while the narrowest part is only two or three meters. From above, Anjihai Grand Canyon is rich in colors. On either side of the canyon, red sandstone and gray mudstone alternate to create an astonishing landscape. The colors are formed as the river erodes and dissolves the sandstone and mudstone,     5     (draw) abstract pictures on the land. It is one of the most beautiful and yet     6     (virtual) unknown canyons in Xinjiang. Because it is so     7     (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the same     8     (high), people sometimes come across it without warning. If they don’t stop in time, they are likely     9     (fall) off the cliff. No wonder it     10     (recognize) as one of the steepest cliffs in China.

8 . NASA (美国航空航天局) is looking for a new way to get its precious Mars samples back to the earth. Those samples are being collected by the Perseverance rover in Mars’Jezero Crater, which hosted a lake and a river delta billions of years ago. Getting the samples is one of NASA’s top science goals. Studying unspoiled Red Planet material in well-equipped labs around the world could reveal key insights into Mars, including whether it has ever hosted life.

The agency has had a Mars sample return (MSR) structure in place for some time now, but repeated delays and cost overruns seem to have made the original plan hard to realize. “The bottom line is that $ 11 billion is too much, and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long,” NASA chief Bill Nelson said during a call with reporters. That price tag is the upper-end estimate calculated by an independent review board. A team from within NASA analyzed those September results, determining that the agency won’t be able to get Perseverance’s samples back to Earth until 2040 with the established structure.

NASA is now seeking a new way forward in an attempt to cut costs and get the samples here sooner. Saving money will aid other agency science projects, and speeding up the timeline could help the agency plan out manned Mars trips.

The wheels on the new plan are already turning. NASA is asking the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California — its lead facility for robotic planetary exploration — and other agency research centers for innovative MSR ideas. NASA will hold an industry day and accept proposals. The goal is to have enough information on hand by late fall or early winter to begin charting a new path forward on MSR. MSR remains a top priority for NASA, despite the difficulty of the task. After all, no country has ever launched a rocket from the surface of another planet, though three countries have launched   from the moon.

“I think it’s fair to say that we are committed to bring back the samples, for this is an important national objective.” Nelson said.

1. What’s the main function of paragraph 2?

A．To draw readers’ attention to this topic.

B．To warn the readers of a possible failure.

C．To stress the importance of Mars samples.

D．To introduce some background information.

2. What does Bill Nelson think of the original MSR structure?

A．Efficient.

B．Impractical.

C．Sensible.

D．Conservative.

3. Why is NASA seeking a new way to get its Mars samples back to Earth?

A．The current method is costly and takes too long.

B．The current method is too risky and unreliable.

C．It takes a sophisticated container to convey the samples.

D．The samples have been spoiled and need to be handled differently.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．NASA’s huge project

B．MSR, a promising plan

C．NASA’s Mars sample return plan calls for overall adjustments

D．NASA’s campaign to return Mars Samples to Earth is on hold