1 . In September, when UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July.

The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals. The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment, Qin Changwei, secretary-general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov. 17 and 18. “It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.”

Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO(Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites. Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.

“Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in-depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration,” says Qin. “Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans,” he adds.

1. Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian?

A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors.

B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design.

C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities.

D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection.

2. What topic is covered in the Beijing forum?

A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites.	B．The preservation of the original structure.
C．The unsuitable response to disasters.	D．The unacceptable human behaviours.

3. According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem?

A．Strengthening international cooperation.	B．Hosting more in-depth discussion forums.
C．Making plans for risk prevention individually.	D．Turning attention to developing space technology.

4. What is the main concern of the author?

A．The loss of balance between humans and nature.

B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage.

C．The growing weather threat that Heritage sites face.

D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans.

2 . 亲爱的同学， 你生活中有烦恼， 学习有压力吗?那我们应该如何正确面对烦恼，有效缓解心理压力呢?请根据提示以“How to solve our stress”为题写一篇80词左右的短文，开头已给出，不计入字数；语言表达准确规范，语句通顺连贯；提示内容必须用完。       
提示: 1．积极参加体育锻炼，有一个健康的身体。
2．多与老师、家长和朋友交谈， 说出自己的烦恼。
3．多听听音乐，多看看书。
4．尽自己最大努力学习，勇敢面对自己的成绩。
5.   如果经常压力太大，可以去看看医生。

How to solve our stress

We all have some problems and in our lives. How should we solve them?

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3 . The daughter of a romantic poet and occasional freedom fighter, Ada Lovelace had a famous but absent father. She never knew Lord Byron, as just weeks after her birth in 1815, he divorced her mother Isabella Milbanke Byron and left to fight in the Greek War of Independence. In an effort to prevent Ada from developing her father’s unpredictable temper, Isabella decided that her daughter should devote her life to study.

Ada studied hard despite the fact that society did not encourage women pursuing interests in science. Her life changed when she met inventor Charles Babbage at a party. As he demonstrated a working section of his mechanical calculator, Ada was taken in by how it worked and wanted to know more. Impressed by the 17-year-old’s obvious passion, Babbage became her tutor. Ada married in 1835 and became a mother, but she continued to take an active interest in study, socialising in intellectual circles with the likes of Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday.

Ada stayed in contact with Babbage, who in 1837 had proposed a new machine, the analytical engine. In 1843, Ada was asked to translate a French text written by engineer Luigi Menabrea about Babbage’s new design. After completing the translation, Ada was encouraged by Babbage to write her own notes on his work.

After nine months of hard work, Ada presented Babbage with a detailed list of notes that was three times longer than the original article. In her calculations, Ada wrote what are considered the first ever computer algorithms to be used in a new type of machine. She essentially provided the first ideas for computer programming in what was a groundbreaking proposal on the potential of computers.

Ada died of cancer aged only 36 and her work was largely recognised until the 1950s when her notes were republished. In 1979 the US Department of Defence named a programming language ‘Ada’ in her honour.

1. What can we learn about Ada from the first paragraph?

A．She had a devoted father.	B．Her mother raised her up alone.
C．She had an unpredictable temper.	D．Her parents divorced before her birth.

2. Who aroused her interest in mathematics and computer engineering?

A．Charles Dickens.	B．Michael Faraday.
C．Luigi Menabrea.	D．Charles Babbage.

3. Which words can best describe Ada?

A．Modest and outgoing.	B．Talented and diligent.
C．Generous and considerate.	D．Determined and independent.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Ada’s notes were published only once.

B．Ada named a programming language after herself.

C．Ada earned a reputation nearly a century after her death.

D．Ada’s work was largely recognized when she was alive.

4 . Where do great musicians, great mathematicians and great sportspeople get their talent? For decades now, we have assumed that most of them are simply born with a talent that ordinary people do not have. When baseball legend Ted Williams claimed that his achievement had nothing to do with natural ability but were the result of practice, practice, practice, people assumed that he was merely being modest. But scientists now believe that there was a good deal of truth in what he said.

Throughout the last century, it was accepted that we inherit （继承） many of our characteristics from our parents via their DNA, that each of us inherits a fixed amount of intelligence -a fixed IQ, and that most of us are to be ordinary. But now it is accepted that our genes interact with their surroundings, getting turned on and off all the time. “There are no genetic factors that can be studied independently of the environment,” explains Michael Meaney of McGill University. “And there are no environmental factors that function independently of our genes. They work alongside each other.”

How does this view of the role of genes change our understanding of individual talent and abilities? Does it now mean that genes don’t matter, and that we all have the potential to be like, say, Lionel Messi or Lebron James? Such a claim flies in the face of reason. The genes we inherit clearly matter, as do genetic differences between individuals. But it is also true that Lionel Messi would not have become the super footballer he is, nor Lebron James a basketball superstar, without putting in thousands of hours of practice. They could have turned out entirely different people. Talent researcher Kevin Rathunde agrees. “High academic achievers are not necessarily born much smarter than others but genes do count,” he writes in his book Talented Teenagers, “and above all they usually work harder and develop more self-discipline.”

1. What did Ted Williams think led to his success?

A．His natural talent.	B．His full commitment.
C．His modest personality.	D．His extraordinary intelligence.

2. What did we widely believe during the 20 century?

A．Intelligence has little to do with DNA.

B．Our genes interact with our environment.

C．The majority of us are of average intelligence.

D．Our character is simply decided by inherited DNA.

3. Why does the author mention “Lionel Messi” and “Lebron James” in paragraph 3?

A．To clarify a point.	B．To illustrate a rule.
C．To offer a solution.	D．To make a prediction.

4. Which statement will Kevin Rathunde probably agree with?

A．Most of us are born to be average persons.

B．We could all be geniuses if working hard enough.

C．Genetie factors are more important than hard work.

D．Great talent is a combination of genes and practice.

5 . Travelling Economically

● Get a ride to travel destinations with friends or acquaintances (熟人). If people you know are driving to a location you would like to visit, take advantage of the opportunity to ask them for a lift. Offer to help with gas money or, if you don’t have any cash, offer a trade or service instead.     1    

● Practice safe hitchhiking to get around.    2     Ask each driver several questions before getting in the vehicle, including what their name is, where they are heading and why they are going there. Follow your gut instinct (直觉) and avoid getting into a car with anyone who gives you a bad feeling.

●    3    There are many ridesharing websites and apps that allow budget travellers to find a shared lift to their destination. These sites will also screen and identify the drivers, making the ridesharing experience safe and simple. Search for available rideshares in your area, which may vary in cost but will cost significantly less than travelling alone.

● Join a free hospitality (好客)-sharing community.     4    You will be able to chat with participating members living in the area you are travelling to and arrange accommodations before travelling. In addition to being able to sleep on someone’s couch or in their spare room, you may find someone to show you around the city.

● Camp at inexpensive campsites. Camping can be a budget-friendly activity if you find the right park or site.     5    Visit http://www.uscampgrounds.info/ for a comprehensive list of North American campgrounds, which indicates sites with a rate of $12 or less per night.

A．Get to new destinations with ridesharing services.

B．Hitchhiking is not an exact science but an art form.

C．Search online for camp sites near your travel destination.

D．Hitchhiking is a free way to travel, but you need to be cautious.

E．One of my big worries when it comes to camping is keeping everyone safe.

F．Be a polite and respectful co-traveller to show your appreciation for their generosity.

G．Find free accommodations in other cities by joining a couchsurfing community online.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What does the speaker think most modern people are like?

A．Friendly.

B．Selfish.

C．Patient.

2. What is a benefit of helping others according to the talk?

A．You may learn a skill.

B．You can get thanks from others.

C．You will feel better about yourself.

3. Who probably needs someone to comfort?

A．A person in grief.

B．A charity volunteer.

C．A person without skills.

4. What is the main topic of the talk?

A．How to get help.

B．How to start to chat.

C．How to help others.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why is the woman exhausted?

A．She is running.

B．She is wet in the rain.

C．She didn’t sleep well.

2. How far does the woman cover every week?

A．Two miles.

B．Three miles.

C．Six miles.

3. What is the man’s healthy habit?

A．He has a healthy diet.

B．He gets enough sleep.

C．He does much exercise.

4. What would the man like to do?

A．Cycle to work.

B．Get to bed earlier.

C．Go to the pool every day.

8 . What type of place is the man probably living in?

A．The dormitory.

B．A house.

C．An apartment.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What can the robot do for delivery?

A．It can deliver items to the door alone.

B．It can sort out goods more efficiently.

C．It can recognize the owner of the house.

2. What does the speaker think of delivery men?

A．They might be replaced.

B．They need update their skills.

C．They should learn to control the robot.

3. What is the main purpose of the speech?

A．To introduce a delivery app.

B．To provide job information.

C．To present a new trend.

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What did the study say about Fitbit?

A．It is of no use.

B．It is not accurate.

C．It is not suitable for exercise.

2. What does the man advise the woman to do?

A．Try a cheaper one.

B．Buy one for herself.

C．Wear Fitbit only when running.

3. What does the man think of Fitbit?

A．It is worth it.

B．It’s valueless.

C．It’s uncomfortable to wear.