1 . AI is a keyword in our time. Can artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. Rada Mihalcea, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deceit (欺骗) detection for about a decade.
The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data. In the case of the work that Mihalcea did, they began with videos from actual court cases. For example, a defendant speaking in a trial in which he is found to have committed a crime could provide an example of deceit; they also employed words from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements. Altogether, they analyzed 121 videos — about half represented dishonest statements, and half truthful. It was this data that they used to build machine learning deceit detectors that ultimately (最终) had between a 60 to 75 percent accuracy rate.
One thing the system noticed is the use of pronouns — people who are lying would tend to less often use the word “I” or “we”, Mihalcea explains. “Instead, people who are lying would more often use ‘you,’ ‘yours’.” Besides, someone telling a lie would use “stronger words” such as “absolutely,” and “very,” that reflect certainty, while interestingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as “maybe” or “probably.” As for gestures, she points out that someone being deceitful would be more likely to look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them. They also tended to use both hands when gesturing.
However, Mihalcea’s work is “far from perfection,” she admits. “As a researcher, we are content that we were able to get to 75 percent accuracy. But looked at another way, that’s an error rate of one in four.” Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for people — it could indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speaker’s statement, and then perhaps have a person “investigate more.”
1. How did researchers create the deceit detection using artificial intelligence?| A．They interviewed criminals in court cases. |
| B．They involved AI system in a virtual trial. |
| C．They employed witnesses to identify dishonest criminals. |
| D．They fed the system with both truthful and deceitful statements. |
| A．Gesture with one hand. | B．Question others directly. |
| C．Use pronouns repeatedly. | D．Speak with strong certainty. |
| A．It completely lives up to her expectation. |
| B．It can be used as an aid for human beings. |
| C．It can replace human beings to uncover a lie. |
| D．It successfully lowers the error rate of detection. |
| A．The use of pronouns and gestures in lie |
| B．Rada Mihalcea’s research on lie detection by using AI |
| C．The limitations of current lie detection technology |
| D．Accuracy rate of machine learning deceit detectors |
2 . Evidence of planning has been unearthed in the ruins of cities in China, India, Egypt, the Mediterranean world, and South and Central America. Early examples of efforts toward planned urban development include orderly street systems, functional quarters in a city and advanced systems of defense, water supply, and drainage. Most of the evidence is in smaller cities built in relatively short periods as colonies (殖民地).
For hundreds of years during the Middle Ages, there was little building of cities in Europe. Eventually towns grew up as centers of church or authority, of marketing or trade. As the urban population grew, problems of overcrowding in early European cities, the blocking out of air and light and very poor cleanness, certain quarters of the cities restricted to different nationalities, classes, or trades just came, as still occur in many cities of the developing world now.
The physical form of medieval and Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) towns and cities followed the pattern of the village, spreading along a street or a crossroads in circular patterns or in irregular shapes. Most streets were little more than footpaths and even in major European cities paving was not widely introduced before the 12th century. As the population of the city grew, walls were often expanded, but few cities at the time exceeded a mile in length. Sometımes sites were changed, and many new cities appeared with increasing population—frequently about one day’s walk apart. Towns ranged in population from several hundred to perhaps 40,000.
Conscious attempts to plan cities reappeared in Europe during the Renaissance, with their prime goal to glorify a ruler or a state. From the 16th century to the end of the 18th, many cities were laid out and built splendidly. The result may have pleased and inspired the citizens, but it rarely contributed to their health, to the comfort of their homes, or to efficiency in manufacturing, distribution, and marketing.
In much of the world, city plans were based on the concept of a centrally located public space. The plans differed, however, in their principles for residential development. In the United States the New England town grew around a central public space. Also from the New England town came the tradition of the freestanding single-family house that became the norm for big cities. The central plaza, place, or square provided a central point for European city plans as well. In contrast to American residential development, though, European domestic architecture was dominated by the attached house.
1. What does the underlined word “as” in paragraph 2 refer to?| A．problems | B．early European cities |
| C．certain quarters of the cities | D．nationalities |
| A．To comfort residential homes. | B．To promote distribution and marketing |
| C．To contribute to citizen’s health | D．To honor a ruler or a state |
| A．There was much building of cities in Europe during the Middle Ages. |
| B．Some cities had orderly street systems in countries like China, India, Egypt in history. |
| C．The New England town in the United States grew around a central public space. |
| D．As the population of the city grew, many cities got enlarged in the Renaissance . |
| A．The development of urban planning | B．Evidence of cities development. |
| C．Traditional urban forms. | D．The development of cities in the Renaissance. |
Good friendship can get people through almost anything. Many times, a good friend will know what you need before you even ask for it, and they’ll want to offer a helping hand. That’s what happened to two friends in Caddo Hills High School. When one differently abled young man needed help, his friend went above and beyond.
When Brandon and Tanner met, Brandon was using a hand-push wheelchair. The chair was becoming kind of a pain for Brandon as he had to push his way down the halls from class to class around Caddo Hills High School. “My arms would get really tired and I would have to stop and take rests,” said Brandon.
Sometimes when they were together, Brandon would ask Tanner to push his wheelchair. Tanner was happy to help. Most often, Tanner would offer to help and he noticed how hard using this wheelchair was on his friend. Tanner thought that if his friend had had an electric wheelchair, life would be easier for him. But Brandon’s family was unable to afford it. Seeing how much his friend struggled in his wheelchair, Tanner made up his mind to do something about it, “He’s just been a really good friend and I wanted to do him a favor. I just felt like I needed to do it and I wanted to do it” Tanner explained.
Then the enthusiastic high school student became devoted to getting his friend a wheelchair. He got an after-school job at an auto repair shop and he worked there every afternoon. In order to help his friend out, Tanner worked part-time for two years. All of the money he earned went towards saving for a self-powered wheelchair. That moment finally came in late February, when he would present Brandon with a life-changing gift during the school day.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右：2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Initially, Tanner had planned on giving Brandon all the money he had saved.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Brandon cried when he first got the wheelchair.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________On 22nd December 2023, the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly (联合国大会)
The resolution
Chinese New Year is not only a celebration marked
In conclusion, the decision provides an opportunity for the world to learn and understand more about Chinese culture. Moreover, it further promotes the
1.创建文明校园的重要性；
2.校园内的不文明现象；
3.你的态度。
注意：写作词数为80左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6 . “Enjoy the little things in life, for one day you’ll look back and realize they were the big things.” This
Just the other day I caught a cold, the flu made me feel so
We have a caretaker at work. Her name is Lucy, who usually prepares some nice lunch for us. She asked me with
As this serious illness made me
Life is made up of the little things. These little things go
Therefore, if something
| A．routine | B．quote | C．privilege | D．service |
| A．trouble | B．belief | C．fun | D．sense |
| A．proud | B．active | C．weak | D．ambitious |
| A．weekend | B．breath | C．pause | D．balance |
| A．delight | B．concern | C．certainty | D．caution |
| A．sympathetic to | B．interested in | C．ashamed of | D．displeased with |
| A．eye-catching | B．heartbreaking | C．head-spinning | D．breathtaking |
| A．observe | B．examine | C．urge | D．treat |
| A．display | B．thankfulness | C．thought | D．gratitude |
| A．promise | B．relief | C．wish | D．direction |
| A．unhurt | B．unnoticed | C．unfortunate | D．unafraid |
| A．temporarily | B．doubtfully | C．casually | D．definitely |
| A．tiny | B．different | C．meaningless | D．precise |
| A．feed | B．strike | C．stick | D．hang |
| A．make a decision | B．block your way | C．keep your word | D．have a point |
7 . When I needed a new jacket and my mother asked what kind I wanted, I described something like biker’s wear: Black leather and silver studs (饰钉). She listened so long while stirring dinner that I thought she understood for sure about what I wanted.
The next day when I got home from school, I discovered a jacket the color of out-of-date guacamole (鳄梨色拉酱) on my bed. I threw my books on the bed and approached the jacket slowly, as if it were a stranger whose hand I had to shake. From the kitchen mother yelled that my jacket was in the closet. I closed the door to her voice, hoping the jacket on the bed wasn’t for me. No luck. I wanted to cry because it was so ugly and so big that I knew I’d have to wear it a long time. I was a small kid, thin as a young tree, and it would be years before I’d have a new one.
The next day I wore it to sixth grade. During the morning recess (课间休息) Frankie, the playground terrorist, pushed me to the ground and told me to stay there until recess was over. My best friend, Steve, ate an apple while looking at me, and the girls turned away to whisper on the monkey bars. Everybody saw me. Although they didn’t say out loud, “Man, that’s ugly,” I heard the buzz-buzz of gossip (闲言碎语) and even laughter that I knew was meant for me. So embarrassed, so hurt, I wouldn’t even do my homework. I received Cs on quizzes.
I wore that thing for three years. Although I blame my mother for her bad taste and her cheap ways, that jacket became my ugly brother who tagged along wherever I went. And it was about that time I began to grow. In rain or cold weather the elbows began to crack and whole chunks of green began to fall off. I showed the cracks to my mother and she said you would love that jacket.
I ran outside, ready to climb the tree by the alley to think bad thoughts. Later, I was called to dinner: Steam fogged my mother’s glasses. After the dinner, I went outside with my jacket across my arm because it was a cold sky. Soon I put on the jacket in a hurry, and that green ugly brother warmed my shoulder that day and ever since. Now, it has accompanied me for many years. Even though it is nothing to others, it is a treasure to me.
1. Why did the writer think his mother understood what he wanted?| A．Because she got it from other people. |
| B．Because she asked him what he wanted. |
| C．Because he gave her a very specific description. |
| D．Because she listened to his description all the time. |
| A．He felt disappointed with the new jacket. |
| B．He accepted it with pleasure. |
| C．He quarreled with his mother violently. |
| D．He loved it because it was what he wanted. |
| A．School bullying was serious. |
| B．Many students liked to gossip. |
| C．Students put PE first and study second. |
| D．Students attached great importance to dressing up. |
| A．Clothes are only used to keep warm. |
| B．Keep the old, and you get nothing new. |
| C．Treat your broken one like a treasure. |
| D．An ugly duckling doesn’t turn into a white swan. |
8 . Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying and forming your own opinions.
● Consider the context of what is written.
You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
● Question statements made by the author.
● Analyze assumptions made by the author.
Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make statements.
●
In doing this, be certain that the sources are reliable. For example, Einstein is a reliable source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics.
| A．Evaluate the sources the author uses. |
| B．Don’t accept what is written at face value. |
| C．Also be certain that the sources are relevant. |
| D．Identify any possible prejudice the author has. |
| E．Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. |
| F．The reasons why you should be a critical reader are as follows. |
| G．In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. |
Recently, a 17-year-old student ranked 12th in the preliminaries (预赛) of the global mathematics competition. Jiang Ping studies at Lianshui Secondary Vocational School (中职) in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province,
Jiang Ping’s story has touched and inspired
1. What is the conversation mainly about?
| A．Common colds. | B．A scientific achievement. | C．A special medicine. |
| A．In the United States. | B．In Iceland. | C．In China. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Impatient. | C．Optimistic. |
