1 . Impolite cellphone users are anywhere where there’s a cellphone signal.
Know where not to use your phone.
Don’t talk too loudly. When in public, try not to raise your voice while on the phone. Generally you don’t have to shout on the phone to be heard on the other end. In fact, doing so often makes it harder for you to be understood.
Don’t use your phone when having a meal with someone. If possible, turn it off. If you’re waiting for an important call, let the person you’re with know beforehand (事先) that you’re expecting a call that you’ll need to take.
A.Learn to text |
B.Focus on your messages |
C.Some places are inappropriate for cellphone usage |
D.Limit phone use during gatherings with your friends |
E.Try not to hold a phone conversation at table |
F.In addition, shouting on the phone disturbs people around you |
G.Most people who are impolite don’t even realize what they’re doing |
2 . Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes - that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.
In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, “A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.” Bedrosian says.
In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of "behavioral despair”, 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light- dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.
Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinings (分子基础)as animal studies can,says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior."
1. After being exposed to continuous nighttime light, the mice________A.changed their preferences | B.escaped from the water more eagerly |
C.remained active as before | D.showed less interest in their favorites |
A.study | B.predict | C.ease | D.cause |
A.light at night may have practical effects on people |
B.the biological clock is beneficial to humans |
C.human mood disorders cannot be healed easily |
D.human studies are more important than animal studies |
A.Nighttime light may foster depression. |
B.A drug has been found to cure mood disorders. |
C.The study on animals can be applied to humans. |
D.Human biological clock can be controlled by light. |
China's winter, from December to February, will be chiller than usual, according to a nationwide weather outlook
The forecast, made
It
Meanwhile, 20 percent to 50 percent more precipitation than normal will batter North China this winter, while in the south it will decrease by
4 . Solothurn is a picturesque town in the northwest of Switzerland known primarily for its closest relation with the number eleven. It seems like everything in this place was designed around this magical number, from the fact that there are precisely eleven churches, as well as eleven historical fountains, eleven museums and eleven towers, to the unusual clock in the town square that features an elevenhour dial and the number twelve missing.
Although nearly everyone in Solothurn knows about the town's obsession with the number eleven, the origin of that is covered in mystery. The first mention of eleven in Solothurn's history dates back to 1252, when eleven members were first elected for the town's council. Another great example of Solothurn's obsession with the number eleven is the magnificent Cathedral of St. Ursus. Designed by Italian architect Gaetano Matteo Pisoni, it was built in eleven years. It features three sets of steps, each numbering eleven rows, eleven doors, eleven bells and eleven altars, one of which is made out of eleven different types of marble. Interestingly, the altars can be viewed at the same time from only one place in the cathedral, the eleventh black stone in the long central part.
The people of Solothurn also show an intense interest in the number eleven in their daily life. There are special celebrations held on eleventh birthdays, and there are local products and businesses that include the special number. There is “ÖufiBier” (Beer eleven), “eleveni Schokolade” (elevenChocolate), and even “öufiyoga” (eleven o'clock yoga). The mysterious relationship between Solothurn and the number has become one of the town's primary tourist attractions, and there is even a themed tour about the number eleven.
1. What is mainly discussed about Solothurn in Paragraph 1?A.Its unique designs. | B.Its cultural origin. |
C.Its natural attractions. | D.Its connection with nature. |
A.The number eleven. | B.The city of Solothurn. |
C.Solothurn's love for eleven. | D.The history of Switzerland. |
A.Its steps contain 33 rows in all. | B.Its doors are made out of marble. |
C.It has eleven bells on each step. | D.It has eleven altars in the center. |
A.They attach great importance to tourism. | B.They bring number eleven to daily life. |
C.They lead a busy but comfortable life. | D.They are expert at designing products. |