1 . Whether shyness is part of your child’s personality or just something they feel when they are in front of a group of strangers, it is a typical experience. “Shyness isn’t always as socially valued as more outgoing personalities. However, we should step back and think about different personalities and their unique advantages,” said Pérez-Edgar, professor of psychology (心理学) at The Pennsylvania State University. “Everyone can feel shy at times. And those who are especially shy often have happy social lives --they just aren’t likely to be the liveliest person in a crowded room.”

       But there are things to watch out for. If your children are avoiding situations that are important or could be enjoyable for them because they’re feeling nervous, it might be time to take action, said Chiappini, a child expert. “That could mean not speaking in class, trouble making friends, or not joining in activities they like.” she said.
       Chiappini recommended first saying something like: “You seem a little nervous or unsure about who everyone is/what to say . We haven’t met them before and that can feel a little uncomfortable.” From there, you can encourage them to join someone or say something when they are ready ---with the promise that you will be there to support them, she added.
       The more we avoid situations where kids may feel shy, the more anxiety (担心) we will have about them in the future. But that doesn’t mean to push your child into the deep end.

“We may have to deal with the situation step by step. For example, you may have to encourage your child just to make eye contact during an outing before expecting them to ask someone a question,” Chiappini said.

1. What may Pérez - Edgar agree with?

A．Shyness is not as bad as people have thought.

B．Children are more likely to feel shy than adults.

C．Shy people like to stay with lively people.

D．It’s difficult for people to get over shyness.

2. When should action be taken to help shy kids?

A．When they ask for instructions from others.

B．When they feel nervous in school activities.

C．When they try hard to mix with other children.

D．When they are absent from important situations.

3. What does Chiappini advise parents to do at first?

A．Tell their kids what they should say.

B．Ask their kids how they are feeling.

C．Help their kids stay away from some situations.

D．Show their kids they understand how they feel.

4. What can we infer from the last two paragraph?

A．Parents should be strict with the shy children.

B．Parents should push the shy children to be outgoing.

C．Parents should be patiently guide the shy children.

D．Parents should encourage shy children to make eye contact with them.

2 . The “little voice in your head” can be your worst critic and greatest supporter. It’s been known to help with directions, give advice, and even remind you to put potatoes on the grocery list.

But does everyone have an inner monologue(独白)? For a long time, it was assumed that an inner voice was simply part of being human. But it turns out, that’s not the case—not everyone processes life in words and sentences.

“By inner monologue, we mean that we can have private speech that’s addressed to ourselves and that is carried out without any sound,” said Helene Loevenbruck, a senior neurolinguistics researcher at CNRS.

With true inner speech, you almost “hear” your inner voice, she told Live Science. You’re aware of its tone and intonation (语调). For example, the voice can “sound” angry or worried.

This long-held assumption was first challenged in the late 1990s by Russell Hurlburt, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Hurlburt studied participants’ inner speech by asking them to wear a beeper(传呼机). Whenever the device beeped, they had to write down what they were thinking or experiencing in their mind just before the sound.

Perhaps the participant wrote down, “I need to buy some bread.” He would then ask if that’s what they actually thought. “Or did you think ‘bread’? Or were you hungry?” Loevenbruck explained. After several meetings, participants got better at articulating (流利连贯地表达)their true thoughts, she said. Eventually, this method revealed that some people had inner speech every time the device beeped. But others had less inner speech than usual, and some didn’t have inner speech at all. They experienced images, sensations and emotions, but not a voice or words.

The lack of an inner monologue has been linked to a condition called aphantasia (心盲症)sometimes called “blindness of the mind’s eye.” People who experience aphantasia can’t mentally picture their bedroom or their mother’s face. Many times, those who don’t experience visualizations don’t experience clear inner speech, either, Loevenbruck noted.

1. What was previously assumed about the inner monologue?

A．It rarely existed in humans.	B．It could help solve all kinds of problems.
C．It was something everyone was born with.	D．It was mainly displayed in the form of writing.

2. What does Loevenbruck say about an inner monologue?

A．It lacks tone and intonation.	B．It is delivered in public.
C．It can be heard by others.	D．It can convey emotions.

3. What did Hurlburt do in his study?

A．He used a beeper to note down participants’ inner speech.

B．He required participants to describe their grocery lists.

C．He checked participants’ notes and asked about their true thoughts.

D．He placed something in participants’ heads to record their inner speech.

4. Why do some people never experience an inner monologue?

A．They suffer serious brain damage.	B．They cannot distinguish what they see.
C．They misunderstand their true thoughts.	D．They fail to mentally picture what they see.

3 . Why Does Food Taste Bad On Airplanes?

How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? According to popularly accepted studies, the reason might be a change in our ability to perceive taste.    1     Let’s get into the actual details before you get offended.

The Cabin Air is 15% Drier Than the Air on the Ground

To maintain the pressure inside the cabin, airlines must closely regulate the air inside, involving changing its composition. The air inside airplane cabins is far more dry than the air we breathe on the ground.    2    In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.

The Pressure Inside the Cabin is Lower Than on the Ground

In the pressurized cabin a passenger’s bodily fluids will move upwards and the nasal cavities (鼻 腔) swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing. You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds in the past.    3    

    4    

Bad food can’t be blamed merely on the in-cabin conditions too. It’s also possible that the food is actually bad. Due to food safety standards, all meals must be cooked on the ground and unbreakable. Such requirements for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.

What can be done?

    5    Apparently, chefs have been trying to adapt recipes in how food tastes at high altitudes. Everyone needs to be patient until better solutions for mass food production are found.

A．The method of food production is different.

B．The mass production of food is to blame.

C．In some cases, it’s even drier than certain deserts.

D．A sick person is far from the best judge of food quality.

E．That makes it our body’s fault, rather than the airlines.

F．But that doesn’t mean meals served on airplanes can’t taste just as good.

G．Basically, we can’t use the same recipes for airline meals that we would use on the ground.

4 . Many people think daydreaming is bad for their emotions and has negative effects on their life and those around them. It makes adapting to life very hard and brains work less effectively.

Contrary to common ideas, the brains of people who are daydreaming might not stop working, but may be working harder, new research has shown. Scientists scanned the brains of people lying inside magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, as they pushed buttons or rested in turn. The scans showed that the “default (默认的) network” deep inside a human brain becomes more active during daydreaming.

In a surprise finding, the scans also showed strong activity in the executive network, the outlying region of the brain associated with complex problem-solving, says Professor Kalina Christoff, who is a co-author of the study. “People assume that when the mind wanders away, it just gets turned off—but we show the opposite. When it wanders, it is turned on.” says Christoff.

The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggest, “People who let themselves daydream might not think in the same focused way as when performing a goal-oriented task, but they bring in more mental and brain resources,” says Christoff.

F. Diane Barth said at Psychology Today that the more we daydream, the more our brain is able to hold onto the task when we are being bombarded (轰炸) from all sides by all kinds of noises, information input, and conflicting demands. You're not trying to escape the task at hand; rather, you're trying to get rid of all of the information and stimuli (刺激物) that could pose as bothers.

According to Christoff, people typically spend one third of their waking time daydreaming. “It is a big part of our lives, but it has been largely ignored by science,” she says. “The study is the first to use MRIs to study brain activity during spontaneous thoughts and subjective experiences. Until now the only way is to use self-reports that are not always reliable.”

1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Scientists.

B．Scans.

C．MRI machines.

D．Study subjects.

2. The findings by Christoff show daydreaming ________.

A．may help us get relaxed	B．may be beneficial to our health
C．may use less energy than focusing	D．may help us arrive at solutions faster

3. Which of the following may Barth agree with?

A．Daydreaming provides us with many stimuli.

B．Daydreaming is actually an act of concentration.

C．Daydreaming can make us forget unhappy things.

D．Daydreaming reminds us of more useful information.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．MRIs are reliable to study brain activity.

B．People should spend more time daydreaming.

C．More studies about daydreaming need to be done.

D．People should make full use of daydreaming time.

5 . 假定你是高二学生李华，下周六3月23日晚6:00-8:00你校将在礼堂举办一场融合中西文化元素的音乐会。你的外籍老师Linda非常喜欢音乐，请你发一封email邀请她参加此次活动。内容包括以下要点：
1.发出邀请；2.活动时间和地点；3．活动内容和意义。
Dear Linda，

How are you doing recently?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Lihua

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. When did Texas open their first drive-in?

A．In 1915.

B．In 1921.

C．In 1933.

2. What is the advantage of a drive-in theater according to the talk?

A．A lower ticket price.

B．A better view of a movie.

C．A more comfortable experience.

3. Why did drive-ins become less popular?

A．Less people live in the suburbs.

B．Many people lost interest in it.

C．Car prices were too high.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the man's problem?

A．He has no idea how to start his paper.

B．He does not know which book to read first.

C．He is too busy to finish his assignment in time.

2. What does the woman think of the man's topic?

A．It is too broad.

B．It is challenging.

C．It is interesting.

3. What is the man really more interested in?

A．Biology.

B．Nature.

C．Photography.

4. What does the woman say the man has to do?

A．Ask as many questions as possible.

B．Develop his reading ability.

C．Use the topic assigned.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why is the man making the call?

A．His computer needs repairing.

B．His Internet connection has failed.

C．His telephone went out of service.

2. What was the man doing when the problem occurred?

A．He was watching videos.

B．He was writing a book.

C．He was giving a class.

3. How many lights are there on the Internet box?

A．One.

B．Four.

C．Five.