1 . A leaked IPCC draft reports, “Widespread use across millions of square kilometers globally of tree-planting and bioenergy crops could have potentially serious consequences for food security and land degradation (退化).” In other words, more massive monocultures (单种栽培) and more bioenergy crops, fueled by more fertilizers, could damage the structure of the environmental soil and its capacity to absorb carbon.
Everyone knows that to help ease the increasing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees. It’s said that the earth could support an additional 9,000,000 square kilometers of forest, potentially hosting 500 billion trees capable of capturing more than 200 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide at maturity. It would be a serious help to the environment.
Bioenergy now holds a 50 percent share of the world’s renewables consumption—as much as hydro, wind, solar and all others combined. It’s good news, but not entirely. If we consider that increasing desertification and rising ocean levels will take away more arable (可耕种的) land, we arrive at a crucial “trilemma”(三难困境). Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, reforestation or bioenergy?
Such a question would make sense in a multilateral, harmonious world, not on a planet where the richest country cancels an environment-saving agreement, thus encouraging the most tropically-forested nation to set about cutting trees.
Last year, 36,000 square kilometers of forest was cut down. Wouldn’t it be better to start by stopping deforestation altogether? Animal farming takes up 77 percent of the world’s arable land and provides us with 18 percent of the calories. Shouldn’t we cut back on global meat consumption? Modern bioenergy is already available. Shouldn’t we get rid of first-generation biofuels, which are produced from food crops?
1. What’s the IPCC’s attitude to the widespread planting?| A．Ambiguous | B．Positive | C．Disapproving | D．Uncaring |
| A．Add some background information. | B．Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
| C．Provide some advice for the readers. | D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| A．There is less sustainable energy for use. |
| B．No more land is available for bioenergy. |
| C．More trees are cut in the richest country. |
| D．Bioenergy can cause more climate problems. |
| A．Developing farmland as much as possible. |
| B．Planting trees to prevent global warming. |
| C．Using bioenergy to reduce environmental pollution. |
| D．Protecting present resources instead of developing new ones. |
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled (骑行) along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）。
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to show down. He saw a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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3 . The assumption that depression is a disease has been supported by biologists, psychiatrists and companies producing medicine. Although advances in medical treatment have certainly been responsible for reducing much suffering, sticking to the disease model is preventing a more complete understanding of why we are so likely to suffer from depression, with at least 45% of people experiencing the condition in their lifetimes.
My recent review of theories and personal observations suggests that depression might serve some useful functions. We should not forget that depression has meaning, and that there is a real new life after recovery.
A recent study of depression in Holland showed that people seemed to cope better with hardships in life after depression than they were doing before it. In the group as a whole, liveliness, psychological health, social and spare-time activities, performance at work and general health all significantly improved upon recovery from depression.
Depression can lead to great insights(洞察力) and achievements. More than 2,000 years ago, Aristotle believed depression to be a state of great moral and spiritual value because of the insights it could bring. The philosopher John Stuart Mill wrote his famous work, Utilitarianism, at the age of 19 and became depressed at the age of 21. Upon recovery, he admitted that the experience had taught him an important lesson---that he should not sacrifice(牺牲) his social and emotional development to intellectual ambition.
Theories have suggested that depression could be a defense against the long-time stress. It is possible that depression defends us against the tendency to ignore our true needs by chasing unobtainable goals and helps to bring these needs into sharper focus.
Depression may bring about a “rebirth” because it removes a false idea about oneself. There is some evidence from scientific studies to show that depressed people are rather more realistic in their thinking than “healthy” individuals. With recovery, a new kind of truth could be found, which would do away with blind optimism: a more modest evaluation of the depressed person’s own ability, containing a more balanced picture of his or her life.
Depression may have forced our ancestors to look again at their strengths and weaknesses, and their coping strategies. Regardless of the reason for falling into depression, the journey has potential to make us better equipped, in a general sense, for life.
1. Which of the following is the disadvantage of treating depression as a disease?| A．People dislike being taken as patients. |
| B．The medical treatment costs a lot of money. |
| C．It prevents us from better understanding depression. |
| D．It stops people from getting a balanced picture of life. |
| A．take part in too many social activities |
| B．aim too high in intellectual achievement |
| C．write Utilitarianism at such an early age |
| D．consider too much about emotional needs |
a. It enables people to perform better at work
b. It makes it easier to achieve people’s dream.
c. It helps people to get a realistic view of self
d. It improves people’s ability to deal with difficulties
| A．abc | B．bcd |
| C．abd | D．acd |
| A．Ways to Address Depression |
| B．Brave Attitude to Depression |
| C．Depression: Disease or Rebirth? |
| D．Depression: Assumption or Reality? |
内容包括：
1.表示理解和关心；
2. 沉迷抖音的影响
3. 提出具体建议。
要求:1.词数80左右
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
参考词汇: addiction n 瘾
Dear John
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Yours,
Li Hua
1.时间地点；2.展览内容；3.观展感受
注意事项：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their fist, second or foreign language than ever before.
Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. Look at this example:
British Betty: Would you like to see my la?
American Amy: les. I'd like to come up to your apartment.
So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries.
Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.
English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Several years ago, while attending a communication course, I experienced a most unusual process. The instructor asked us to list
This seemed like a very
Then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: “Making my
After drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: Sheriff Brown is a SOB (畜生). The next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious
Nearly 20 years later, Sheriff Brown’s name
“And I want you to know that I did it.” Paused. “I knew it!” he yelled back. We had a good laugh and a
Jimmy inspired me to
| A．something | B．anything | C．somebody | D．anybody |
| A．ashamed | B．afraid | C．sure | D．proud |
| A．private | B．boring | C．interesting | D．funny |
| A．foolish | B．polite | C．simple | D．brave |
| A．expected | B．suggested | C．ordered | D．demanded |
| A．connect with | B．depend on | C．make apologies to | D．get along with |
| A．improve | B．continue | C．realize | D．keep |
| A．notes | B．list | C．plan | D．stories |
| A．any | B．most | C．none | D．all |
| A．part | B．game | C．trick | D．record |
| A．view | B．sign | C．attention | D．remark |
| A．also | B．even | C．still | D．ever |
| A．appears | B．considers | C．presents | D．remembers |
| A．angry | B．happy | C．doubtful | D．alive |
| A．words | B．rings | C．repeats | D．calls |
| A．cold | B．plain | C．nervous | D．lively |
| A．in case | B．so long as | C．unless | D．because |
| A．around | B．out | C．through | D．away |
| A．build up | B．make up | C．clear up | D．give up |
| A．regret | B．forgive | C．right | D．punish |
8 . It was raining. I went into a café and asked for a coffee.
I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man
Why didn’t Steve want to talk with me? I tried
I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didn’t even
| A．Before | B．Since | C．Although | D．While |
| A．pain | B．loneliness | C．sadness | D．fear |
| A．because | B．when | C．until | D．unless |
| A．home | B．world | C．net | D．café |
| A．sleeping | B．laughing | C．sitting | D．learning |
| A．busy | B．thirsty | C．tired | D．sick |
| A．first of all | B．just then | C．at the same time | D．by that time |
| A．surprised | B．delighted | C．moved | D．frightened |
| A．once | B．again | C．first | D．even |
| A．but | B．so | C．if | D．or |
| A．excited | B．respected | C．afraid | D．unhappy |
| A．Shut up | B．Enjoy yourself | C．Leave me alone | D．Help me out |
| A．walked about | B．walked out | C．raised my hand | D．raised my head |
| A．From then on | B．At that moment | C．In all | D．Above all |
| A．interested in | B．tired of | C．careful about | D．troubled by |
| A．computer | B．soul | C．shop | D．geek |
| A．tell | B．plan | C．imagine | D．design |
| A．other than | B．instead of | C．except for | D．as well as |
| A．pretend | B．understand | C．insist | D．realize |
| A．as if | B．just as | C．just after | D．even though |
9 . Chinese retail giant Alibaba has developed a new automated(自动化的) vehicle which is easy to mass-produce and could serve a number of functions. These could include delivery messenger or automated coffee selling machine, it said.
The Cainiao G Plus can travel at up to nine miles per hour, reports The Verge news site. It was showed at a conference where Alibaba founder Jack Ma announced a 100bn yuan ($15.5bn) would be put into smart logistics(物流).This includes devices such as warehouse robots as well as delivery aids.
AI expert and author Calum Chace described the G Plus as being like the “ugly big brother” of a delivery project developed by UK firm Starship Technologies. Starship has been working on this project for several years, so the Alibaba project looks to be behind as well as ugly, he said. “But that won’t matter. Anything to do with artificial intelligence is put in the first place for China, which has set itself the target of overtaking the US as world leader in AI by 2030”.
China benefits from having free access to large amounts of data, essential for training algorithms(算法), he added, probably a disadvantage in Europe since the introduction of GDPR law, designed to protect privacy.
“Don’t bet against the Chinese pulling ahead in any AI-related competition, be it self-driving cars, facial recognition, or delivery projects,” Mr Chace said.
The G Plus vehicle is fitted with solid state Lidar – the laser sensors which form an important part of the system autonomous vehicles use to be aware of their surroundings.
Solid state Lidar is cheaper and easier to produce than the traditional system, which involves spinning multiple lasers in circles to help build up a 360-degree image of what surrounds the vehicle. There are various developers creating their own versions but essentially it uses fewer lasers and a tiny swinging mirror.
Last month BMW said that its autonomous vehicles will be fitted with solid state Lidar when they will be launched in 2021.
1. What do we know about the delivery project developed by UK’s Starship Technologies?| A．It is behind and looks ugly. |
| B．It is behind but looks nicer. |
| C．It is modern but looks ugly. |
| D．It looks nicer and more modern. |
| A．Worried. |
| B．Confident. |
| C．Negative. |
| D．Unconcerned. |
| A．To protect personal information. |
| B．To train people to go online properly. |
| C．To let people have free access to data. |
| D．To encourage more people to go online. |
| A．The laser sensors. |
| B．The tiny swinging mirror. |
| C．The traditional system. |
| D．The things around the vehicles. |
1. 简介：京剧(Beijing Opera)历史悠久，服装(costume)色彩艳丽，讲述历史故事等。
2. 告知地点、约定时间、购票安排等。
注意:1. 词数 100 左右；开头、结尾已给出。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Brown,
I’m Li Hua.
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Look forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
