1 . Last week, I sent the same request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial-intelligence chatbot from OpenAI. “Upon the Firth of Forth, a bridge doth stand,” it began. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem poised to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms (算法) are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially because poetry was always an algorithmic business.
Even the most rebellious (叛逆的) poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When schoolchildren are taught to imitate the structure of sonnet, they are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. Should it surprise us that computers can do so, too?
But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems a little more impressive. No one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). To put it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict what the next word in a string of text should be, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand what they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word.
When a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we are experiencing the effects of a technology called language. Poems are made of paper and ink — or, these days, electricity and light. There is no one “inside” a Dickinson poem any more than one by ChatGPT. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it does not intend anything. Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes.
When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren.” Despite following all the rules for sonnets, the poem is predictable. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? If we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph 1 and paragraph 2?| A．ChatGPT will make a difference to poetry based on algorithms. |
| B．There is no doubt that AI can copy the grammatical rules of poetry. |
| C．Poetry guidelines provide a possibility for AI’s poetry writing. |
| D．There is a similarity between algorithms and poetry. |
| A．ChatGPT is trained to follow the rules by LLMs. |
| B．ChatGPT can analyze and predict human languages. |
| C．ChatGPT is technologically supported by LLMs. |
| D．ChatGPT itself learn to follow the rules. |
| A．He talks about cloud to describe the meaninglessness of AI’s poetry. |
| B．He tells of Dickinson to describe the meaninglessness AI’s poetry. |
| C．He mentions cloud to suggest its close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
| D．He refers to Dickinson to suggest her close relationship with AI’s poetry. |
| A．Acceptable and favorable | B．Amazed and admiring |
| C．Indifferent and uncaring | D．Doubtful and uneasy |
Social Media Degrees: Types, Education and Career Options
At the turn of the century, there was no such thing as a social media degree, but times have changed. The demand for employees with social media skills has skyrocketed due to the number of businesses that are using social media as part of their strategic marketing plan.
Many colleges and universities have answered this demand by creating social media degree programmes that are designed to instruct students in the use of various types of social media— from Facebook to Instagram. These programmes typically focus on how to communicate, network, and market through social media sites.
A high-quality social media degree programme will not only teach you about the basics of the most popular social media platforms, but will also help you understand the digital strategy and how it applies to brand a person, product, service, or company. You will learn that participating in social media means more than just sharing a funny cat video. You will also gain an understanding of how posts go viral, how to communicate with business customers, and why it’s more important than ever to think twice before posting anything. If you are interested in marketing, particularly Internet marketing, a social media degree could give you the advantage you need over other competitors in the job market.
A long-term degree programme is not your only social media education option. You can find one-day and two-day social media seminars in almost every major city. There are also several well-known conferences that gather social media experts and enthusiasts in one location. If you want to become a social media guru (大师) without spending any money, that option is available to you as well.
The best way to perfect your ability with anything is with practice. Spending time studying, and more importantly, using social media on your own will give you applicable skills that can transfer from your home computer to your career.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A small boy was packing his school bag in his room, a room filled with books. Many were novels and some were short stories; many were new and some were yellowed with age; many were detective stories and some were fairy tales. Suddenly, there was a knock on the door. The small boy called Frank turned his wheelchair (轮椅) to his right and slowly opened the door. As usual it was his mom, who wanted Frank to get ready for school. Frank had his breakfast, said goodbye to his mom and started his travel to the school in his wheelchair. Frank had lost his leg when he was eight in an accident. He had to spend the rest of the life in the wheelchair. But the accident did not take away his trust in life, and he wanted to be a writer. His mother also supported his dream. Frank had not wanted to go to the school for the handicapped (残疾人). So he had joined an ordinary school.
On the way to school, he met his loving and kind-hearted friend, Lawrence. Lawrence wheeled his friend quickly and talked with him happily. He told Lawrence that there would be a story competition next week. Lawrence encouraged him to take part in it. Lawrence said, “Trust yourself. You can make it!” They reached the school in thirty minutes. Lawrence said bye to Frank and they both went to their classes.
Slowly days passed, and the Formative Exams started. They ended within a week. “Frank, the score is 100,”said the class teacher cheerfully. Frank was very happy because he had scored full marks. He wheeled his chair and again met Lawrence on the way. This time both stopped on the side and Lawrence said, “Try to take part in the story competition.” “OK, thank you, Lawrence,” said Frank excitedly. He rushed home, and wrote something on a piece of paper. His mom was very happy to see her son cheerful and excited. Actually he was going to write a short story to take part in the competition. But he didn’t know how to finish it.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, his mother entered and told him that Lawrence was coming.
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As all the judges (评判员) read Frank’s story, they were amazed by his brilliance (才华).
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Grandma made a sweater for Dad as his birthday gift. It was PURPLE. Not just any purple. Shine-in-the-dark purple! Dad loved it. But I found it embarrassing.
He wore the sweater all the time: when he walked the dog, when he shopped for groceries, when he and Mom went on a date, and—worst of all—when he came to events at my school.
“Do you always have to wear that sweater?” I asked as we drove back from my school’s art show. He laughed. “It’s my favorite sweater, Jake!” “But it’s so ... purple!” I said.
I was glad when warm spring days arrived and he stopped wearing it. But once the weather cooled again, that purple sweater came out of hiding. I advised Dad to try other sweaters because the purple sweater looks like it’s from outer space. “That is half the reason I love it!” he said, smiling.
One day we visited Uncle Bill’s farm. When picking apples, Dad tore his sleeve (袖子) on a tree.
“Well, I guess you can’t wear the sweater anymore.” I said.
“It’s still a great sweater! I’ll just wear it around the house,” Dad said. And he did. Every night. Weekends too. The hole got bigger and bigger. The sleeve hung by threads (毛线).
One night, at dinner, the threads reached his plate of noodles. He turned around the noodles and threads onto his fork and opened his mouth. “Look out, Dad!” I shouted. “You’re about to eat your sweater.” Dad laughed and put his fork down. “It is impossible to save this sweater now,” he said and sighed.
After dinner, Dad was about to throw the sweater away. But he just stood there, looking sad. It made me sad too.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为130左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Suddenly a good idea hit me—using the sweater for the coming art show.
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A few days later, Dad came to the art show when the teacher gave out awards.
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Suzie wanted to go to a party. It was a beach party. It had been almost the only thing her friends had been talking about for the last couple of weeks. It was going to be the best party of the year, perhaps the best party of her life.
But there was a problem… and a big problem. Her mom had said no. Suzie was desperate, and the more desperately she pleaded her case, the more emphatically her mom said no. Suzie was disappointed. No, worse than that, she was heartbroken. This was her best friend’s party. How could she tell her that her mom wouldn’t let her go? She’d look silly if she was the only one not there. The other kids were bound to laugh at her. They might even dump her as a friend if she didn’t join in and participate in what they were doing.
Sunday dinner came around and Suzie’s Grandma joined the family for the meal, as she nearly always did on Sunday. Grandma noticed how unhappy Suzie had been looking during the meal but didn’t say a thing. It was Suzie’s turn to wash up and Grandma said, “Let me help you,” while the rest of the family shifted into the living room to watch a video.
“What’s up?” asked Grandma as Suzie dumped the dishes into water. Grandma wiped a plate with a tea towel.
“Mom won’t let me go to my best friend’s party,” said Suzie, sadly. “Has Mom explained why she doesn’t want you to go? “ asked Grandma. “No,” replied Suzie.
“Then for a moment, put yourself in her position,” said Grandma. “If you were Mom, what would your objections be?”
Suzie hadn’t stopped to think about her mom’s side. All she had seen was what she wanted. “Well,” she answered after thinking for a moment or two, “it’s a beach party. Maybe she doesn’t trust us or thinks we’ll get into trouble. Maybe she thinks we’ll drown or something, but we all know how to swim and look after ourselves.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After further discussion, Suzie realised that her mom might be concerned about her safety because no adults would be at the party.
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Suzie thought Grandma’s suggestions over and decided to have a chat with her mom.
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注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头语和结尾语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Hello, my name is Li Hua.
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Thanks for your attention!
My grandfather had started experiencing major problems with his left eye due to his old age. He had visited the hospital on many occasions to seek treatment, but his condition was not getting any better. Finally, his doctor told him the only way left was to go for eye surgery as a way of trying to correct the abnormality with the eyes.
Since it was a weekend and I had no classes on that day, I thought it would be a good idea to accompany my grandfather to the hospital rather than to stay home and be bored despite the fear I had of surgeries and hospitals in general.
My uncle drove us to the hospital. After ensuring that my grandfather bad checked in, he had to leave for an important appointment. Luckily, there were several helpful nurses available to offer any assistance that my grandfather required, and the doctors were very friendly. Even though things were taking their natural course, the situation was tearing me apart. I guessed the nurses sensed the high level of nervousness that both my grandfather and I had at that moment. They talked to us nicely so that we ended up relaxing and seeing the surgery as something normal and nothing to worry much about.
Before long, both my grandfather and I felt relaxed and ready for the surgery, as we forgot the high degree of nervousness we had felt just a few moments earlier. I have always had this fear of doctors and injections so even as I began to relax, thoughts of the upcoming surgery were drilling my mind. I knew the surgery would be more serious than the injections that I feared so much as well. In an hour or so, I was just sitting on the couch and waiting while the nurses were preparing my grandfather for the surgery.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
All of a sudden, a cup of coffee appeared before my eyes.
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After only an hour, my grandfather was wheeled out with a bandage on the operated eye.
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8 . Some documents have been making the rounds lately — where people who work various positions in different industries share how much they’re paid.
Bravo! It’s about time we blew up that old belief that salaries have to stay secret. This is not just a matter of curiosity. Having information about salaries can help narrow the gender wage gap, which has barely changed for more than a decade. Recently released date from the US Census Bureau shows that, on average, women working full time still are paid only 82 cents for every dollar paid to a man. And the gap is even wider for many women of color: Black women make 62 cents, and Latinas just 54 cents. What’s more, the pay gap even extends into her retirement. Because she earned less and therefore paid less to the social security system, she receives less in social security benefits.
Having greater access to salary information is helping to speed things up. A new research report by the American Association of University Women shows that the wage gap tends to be smaller in job sectors where pay transparency (透明) is a must. For example, among federal government workers, there’s just a 13 percent pay difference between men and women, and in state government, the gap is about 17 percent. But in private, for-profit companies, where salaries are generally kept under wraps, the gender wage gap jumps to 29 percent.
Fortunately, salary information is increasingly available on some websites. Certain companies and many human resources departments are pushing ahead with this practice. Of course, it’s going to take more than salary transparency to equalize earnings between women and men. But sharing salaries can and must be part of the solution. The more information women have about how jobs are valued — and what different people earn — the better they will understand their value in the labor market and be able to push for the pay they deserve.
1. Why are the figures mentioned in paragraph 2?| A．To reveal the severity of gender wage gap. |
| B．To confirm the previous belief about salaries. |
| C．To satisfy readers’ curiosity about others’ salaries. |
| D．To appeal to readers to share their salary information. |
| A．The inequality between men and women. |
| B．The need to keep salary information a secret. |
| C．The advantage of working for the government. |
| D．The benefit of making salary information public. |
| A．Critical. | B．Favourable. |
| C．Unclean | D．Negative. |
| A．Why It Pays to Share How Much You Make |
| B．Where Salary Information Difference Lies |
| C．What It Takes to Realize Gender Equality |
| D．How Woman’s Value Improves at Work. |
“Sun, sun, sun, here it comes…”
Danny sang while his fingers pressed and pulled skillfully at the guitar strings, delivering a slow and peaceful tune. A circle of audience had formed, nodding and moving slowly to the song.
Lying at the feet of the street performer was his most adoring fan: One-Eyed, a white stray (流浪) dog with pieces of brown. Danny felt the name was suitable considering its physical disability. Usually, One-Eyed would bark loudly as Danny performed. Much to his annoyance, people often mistook the pair as owner and pet. At this time, Danny would reply, “My dog? No!”, eyes rolling at the idea. How he wished the dog would leave him alone instead!
On a snowy night, while Danny was performing, a bird flew downward, landing into the midst of the crowd. It cooed happily as if to harmonize with Danny. Unfortunately, that did not sit well with One-Eyed, which immediately bounced at it and the bird flew away desperately.
The unexpected chaos upturned Danny's hat, which could have been filled with notes and coins from his appreciative audience, leaving it ignored on the ground. "Argh! The hateful dog!” Danny broke down, thinking to himself, “Either the dog goes or I go!”
On the next night, Danny tried to find a new place and chanced upon the park. For a while his earnings were good unsurprisingly as there was a steady flow of visitors. However, that didn't last long. One-Eyed came along and appointed itself as Danny's guardian. "Argh! Here comes the hateful dog again!" That night, Danny hadn't made enough money he should have, all thanks to the troublesome dog.
Danny was almost mad with One-Eyed. “What should I do? Call an animal shelter?” Torn by this problem, he walked aimlessly by the lake of the park. With all his mind focused on how to get rid of the dog, Danny didn't watch his steps. Suddenly, he slipped and fell into the lake accidentally. Struggling in the icy water, he cried for help desperately, almost choking to death. Sensing the approach of death, Danny got into overwhelming panic.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Just then, a familiar barking was heard in the distance.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“My hero! Thank you for saving me,” Danny said gratefully with watery eyes.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Joseph was my best friend. He was the only son of Adam Tan, a well-known former athlete and a member of the first Malaysia team to reach the South Pole in an exploration. Hence, many assumed Joseph to be as sporting as his father. However, since he was young, he has been a sickly boy. He suffered from a severe breathing problem and preferred to read books indoors.
A year ago, his father was stuck by a wild bull (公牛) on the last mile of his exploration in the Mautu wilderness in Africa and later died. On the anniversary (周年纪念日) of his father’s death, he was hurt by the unkind remarks from Bala and Azhar, his classmates. They had called him “a sickly boy”, remarking that he was a disgrace (丢脸的人) to his father. From that day on, Joseph devoted himself to building up his body and turned his attention and efforts enthusiastically to sports. “No one will compare me unfavorably to my father,” he thought.
Joseph joined our school exploration team and then became its leader. We were all excited when we learned that the school had planned an exploration in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It was also meant to be memory of Joseph’s father, who was its former adviser.
The exploration really tested our courage and skills. Though we had the help of our two teacher advisers, we were determined to succeed in the exploration which was to cross a and forest. The last stage was the forest and we were within sight of our target. We had only one more kilometer to cover before we would emerge from the forest and successfully complete our exploration in the required time. If we succeeded, we would be the first school team to have done that in record time.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
However, Shafig, Joseph’s teammate, noticed his breathing problem.
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Paragraph 2:
People cheered but stopped when they saw us carrying Joseph.
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