1 . The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that offends our sense of justice. A business may maximize the amount of money it makes by damaging the environment and hurting people. When government regulation is effective, and the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and the public doesn’t care.
It is easy to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and they are under obligation to maximize profits for shareholders by legal means.
Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the conditions that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable.
The public can do that by accusing businesses of harming them. The public may also make their opinion felt by choosing to buy sustainably harvested products; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices.
In turn, big businesses can exert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease, transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a fast-food company made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers dropped, the meat industry followed immediately. The public’s task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure.
Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even if this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced.
My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish. I believe that changes in public attitudes are essential for changes in businesses’ environmental practices.
1. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that environmental damage__________.| A．is the result of ignorance of the public |
| B．requires political action if it is to be stopped |
| C．can be prevented by the action of ordinary people |
| D．can only be stopped by educating business leaders |
| A．reduce their own individual impact on the environment |
| B．learn more about the impact of business on the environment |
| C．raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters |
| D．influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments |
| A．Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains. |
| B．Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses. |
| C．A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law. |
| D．A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce regulations. |
| A．Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses? |
| B．How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit? |
| C．What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses? |
| D．Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause to the environment? |
1.保持微笑；
2.说话的时候要看对方的眼睛；
3.聆听的时候要点头；
4.使用恰当的手势。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
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I believe if we pay attention to body language, our ability to communicate will improve.
3 . Expressive arts therapy is a form of therapy that uses dance, drama, music, poetry, and art to enhance one's overall well－being. The arts are used to let go,
People have been using the arts as tools for
Through the arts, people can
Expressive arts therapists are professionally
| A．admit | B．express | C．examine | D．trust |
| A．explaining | B．proving | C．healing | D．judging |
| A．recognized | B．relieved | C．affected | D．controlled |
| A．results | B．experiences | C．causes | D．questions |
| A．angry | B．bored | C．strict | D．free |
| A．secret | B．technique | C．difficulty | D．process |
| A．when | B．which | C．what | D．where |
| A．as to | B．or rather | C．rather than | D．other than |
| A．communicate | B．produce | C．reject | D．test |
| A．offered | B．shown | C．guided | D．driven |
| A．create | B．feel | C．reduce | D．recall |
| A．tired | B．proud | C．afraid | D．unaware |
| A．hired | B．served | C．awarded | D．trained |
| A．basic | B．enough | C．impossible | D．strange |
| A．finally | B．typically | C．luckily | D．hardly |
| A．visit | B．life | C．education | D．money |
| A．If | B．Although | C．Unless | D．Since |
| A．unequal | B．friendly | C．known | D．similar |
| A．goal | B．profession | C．clinic | D．theory |
| A．unwelcome | B．seasonal | C．positive | D．cultural |
写作要点：
1. 参加者：宝鸡中学校队和我校校队；(a friendly basketball match)
2. 地点：学校篮球馆；(the basketball gym)
3. 时间：2022年7月15日(星期五)下午3点；
4. 组织者：学生会；(The Students’ Union)
5. 海报发出时间：2022年7月7日。
写作要求：
1. 词数不少于80；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 基本格式已为你写好。
One possible version：
Poster
A friendly basketball match is to be held
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The Students’ Union
July 7, 2022
1. 培训时间、人物、事件；
2. 培训内容；
3. 培训收获。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6 . Beating Burnout and Compassion Fatigue in the New Year
This year has continued to bring many of us closer to the pain, suffering and exhaustion of those experiencing burnout and compassion fatigue (疲倦). There is no doubt that 2021 has been filled with additional challenges.
The data is clearly showing that our workforce shares feelings of burnout. A recent Gallup report indicated that 67% of us feel burned out either some or most of the time. At an organizational level, Hogan reports that burned out employees are 18% less productive and 2.6 times more likely to be actively seeking a different job.
Fatigue and burnout arise not when we fail to get sufficient rest but when we fail to appreciate the moments of purpose and joy in our lives.
There are a few myths around burnout and compassion fatigue:
Myth 1: Burnout is an individual's problem.
Many people believe that burnout is about an individual who needs to “figure it out”.
Myth 2:
Surprisingly, the individuals most likely to experience burnout are committed employees and leaders who love their job and are highly engaged. These top performers are the people you are most likely to lose.
Myth 3: People who experience burnout are just less resilient.
Research shows a correlation between higher levels of resilience (复原力) and lower levels of burnout.
If 2021 has taught us anything, it is that we cannot separate burnout from our emotions, whether they may be fear, anger, shame or guilt.
| A．While fatigue is more sudden and results from carrying the pain and suffering of others, what we experience is similar. |
| B．Burnout results from lack of responsibility. |
| C．Burnout hurts individuals' enthusiasm and passion. |
| D．At this point, burnout and compassion fatigue has expanded into many aspects of our lives. |
| E．But burnout occurs at different levels and is the result from challenges to individuals, teams and organizations. |
| F．At one point, people believed resilience was established by “sucking it up”, or “just staying positive”. |
| G．And the path forward requires us to deepen the relationship with feelings of joy, passion, pride and fulfillment. |
7 . A leaked IPCC draft reports, “Widespread use across millions of square kilometers globally of tree-planting and bioenergy crops could have potentially serious consequences for food security and land degradation (退化).” In other words, more massive monocultures (单种栽培) and more bioenergy crops, fueled by more fertilizers, could damage the structure of the environmental soil and its capacity to absorb carbon.
Everyone knows that to help ease the increasing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees. It’s said that the earth could support an additional 9,000,000 square kilometers of forest, potentially hosting 500 billion trees capable of capturing more than 200 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide at maturity. It would be a serious help to the environment.
Bioenergy now holds a 50 percent share of the world’s renewables consumption—as much as hydro, wind, solar and all others combined. It’s good news, but not entirely. If we consider that increasing desertification and rising ocean levels will take away more arable (可耕种的) land, we arrive at a crucial “trilemma”(三难困境). Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, reforestation or bioenergy?
Such a question would make sense in a multilateral, harmonious world, not on a planet where the richest country cancels an environment-saving agreement, thus encouraging the most tropically-forested nation to set about cutting trees.
Last year, 36,000 square kilometers of forest was cut down. Wouldn’t it be better to start by stopping deforestation altogether? Animal farming takes up 77 percent of the world’s arable land and provides us with 18 percent of the calories. Shouldn’t we cut back on global meat consumption? Modern bioenergy is already available. Shouldn’t we get rid of first-generation biofuels, which are produced from food crops?
1. What’s the IPCC’s attitude to the widespread planting?| A．Ambiguous | B．Positive | C．Disapproving | D．Uncaring |
| A．Add some background information. | B．Summarize the previous paragraphs. |
| C．Provide some advice for the readers. | D．Introduce a new topic for discussion. |
| A．There is less sustainable energy for use. |
| B．No more land is available for bioenergy. |
| C．More trees are cut in the richest country. |
| D．Bioenergy can cause more climate problems. |
| A．Developing farmland as much as possible. |
| B．Planting trees to prevent global warming. |
| C．Using bioenergy to reduce environmental pollution. |
| D．Protecting present resources instead of developing new ones. |
8 . Adults are often embarrassed about asking for help. Its an act that can make people feel sensitive. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal (泄露) that you may be lost. Seeking someone’s assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason.
To learn more about how children think about seeking help, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others.
Children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. They could still conceive of (想象) situations in which the kid who wanted to seem smart would seek help: when assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
We also found that they recognize several more behaviors that might make a child appear less smart in front of fellow kids, such as admitting to failure or modestly downplaying successes. Children are therefore acutely aware of several ways in which a person’s actions might make them appear less clever in the eyes of others.
However, a number of solutions can be found to help children. Our Gist instinct may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits. But reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. For example, instructors could create activities in which each student becomes an “expert” on a different topic, and then children must ask one another for help to master all of die material. If seeking help is understood as a commonplace classroom activity, kids may be less likely to think of it as indicative (表明) of one’s ability.
Seeking help could even be framed as socially desirable. After all, asking for help often benefits not just die help seeker but also others listening in who have similar questions or struggles.
1. What feature do the adults and young children share?| A．They seldom ask for directions. |
| B．They are afraid of being laughed at. |
| C．They hesitate to seek assistance. |
| D．They regard themselves as incompetence. |
| A．Teachers should praise kids for seeking assistance. |
| B．Assistance only works when sought privately, |
| C．It seems possible that children themselves are not struggling. |
| D．Children care deeply about the way others think about them. |
| A．By making a comparison. | B．By referring to an example. |
| C．By introducing a concept. | D．By telling a school story. |
| A．Why Kids Are Afraid to Ask for Help. |
| B．Seeking Help Makes Kids Feel Uncomfortable. |
| C．Unwillingness to Seek Help Stop Academic Progress. |
| D．How Can We Help Children Overcome the Barrier, |
1. 基本情况；
2. 文化特色。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 题目自拟。
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1.非必要不出行，就地过年；
2.若必须出行，请遵守防疫要求并做好个人防护。
要求：1.字数100左右；
2.开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总数。
3.参考词汇：国家卫健委 the National Health Commission
Dear fellow students,
Recently the whole world is suffering the disaster caused by the terrible epidemic of the COVID-19.
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Li Hua
