1 . Carbon dioxide emissions from transportation are now thought as the top source of green-house gases. One of the most effective ways to reduce your carbon footprint is to reconsider how much, and how often, you travel.

Going car free for a year could save about 2. 6 tons of carbon dioxide, according to a study from the University of British Columbia. How can you stop using a car? Try taking a train, bus or better yet, riding a bike.

But let’s be realistic. You will likely need to use a car this year. So, when you do, here are some tips to make your trip more climate-friendly. Driving efficiently can help to reduce emissions. Go easy on the gas and brakes and drive like you have an egg under your foot. Regularly service your car to keep it more efficient. Keeping your tires pumped correctly can re-duce emissions. Low tire pressure will hurt your fuel economy. Air conditioning and frequent city driving can make emissions go up. So cut down on these as often as possible. Use cruise control (定速巡航) on long drives-in most cases, this can help to save gas. Don’t weigh your car down with extra things that you don’t need on your trip.

Fly often? Taking one fewer long round-trip flight could reduce your personal carbon footprint significantly. If you use public transportation often and fly less, your carbon foot-print might still be relatively sustainable, but if you drive and fly a lot, your emissions will be sigher. If you can’t avoid flying, you can offset them by donating money to sustainable proacts, such as supplying efficient stoves to rural homes, or projects which help farmers deal with crop waste environmentally.

1. What does the author think of going car free?

A．Efficient.

B．Costly.

C．Impractical.

D．Reliable.

2. Which can be adopted to save fuel of your car?

A．Maintaining your car properly.	B．Using cruise control in the city.
C．Stepping hard on the gas and brakes.	D．Geiting rid of all the necessary loads.

3. What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Make up for.

B．Team up with.

C．Set foot in.

D．Put up with.

4. Which is the best title for the text?

A．How to save fuel when driving cars	B．How to reduce your carbon footprint
C．Reduce carbon footprint by all means	D．Lower carbon footprint in transportation

2 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是李华，是华文中学的学生会主席，为了丰富同学们的业余生活，提高同学们的英语水平，学生会组织了一个English club，请你写封邀请信，邀请同学们参加，内容应包括：
1. English club设立的目的
2. English club要开展的活动
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4 . Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.

    1     Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.

This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.

The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence.     2     In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.

Resentment between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful.     3     It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances, to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.

If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves.     4     It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.

A．That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees.

B．The weaknesses of human nature cause the disharmony among employees.

C．As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively.

D．Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them.

E．Therefore, employers should pay attention to the different ways of expressing anger in the company.

F．That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.

5 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。 请以 My Favorite Teacher (我最喜爱的老师)为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 对该老师的简单介绍(含年龄、外貌、所教学科等)；
2. 喜爱该老师的理由。
3. (文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息)
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6 . The healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life, to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber’s mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is probably why the experts enforce this in our educational system. But it is not the natural way—nor, in my view, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.

They do these things better in primitive (原始的) life, for there at puberty the boy joins his father in making canoes, patching huts, going out fishing or hunting. He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life. It is not surprising that anthropologists find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic (神经质的) ‘difficulties’ as those of civilized life. This is not, as some assume, because they are permitted more sexual freedom, but because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.

In the 19th century this was recognized in the apprenticeship system, which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter, or thatcher, to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending, and so to learn his trade. In some agricultural colleges at the present time young men have to do a year’s work on a farm before their theoretical training at college. The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them, and he can therefore take a more intelligent interest in his theoretical work.

Since more knowledge of more things is now required in order to cope with the adult world, the period of growing-up to independence takes much longer than it did in a more primitive community, and the responsibility for such education, which formerly was in the hands of the parents, is now necessarily undertaken by experts at school. But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how—to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.

1. According to the author, what is the natural way of education?

A．Doing things while learning.

B．Doing things as an apprentice.

C．Doing things before learning.

D．Learning practical knowledge first.

2. The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners ________.

A．are given opportunities to develop their interest first

B．are given more freedom in doing things and learning

C．can work with their masters throughout their learning

D．can learn the trade through solving problems at work

3. According to the context, ‘this’ in the third paragraph refers to ________.

A．the difficulties modern adolescents experience

B．the amount of freedom in learning in primitive life

C．the kind of skills boys learned from their father

D．the way of learning in primitive communities

4. According to the author, learning should now be done in school for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.

A．more subjects are to be covered

B．more parents should be involved in teaching

C．there should be a deeper understanding of a subject

D．more time is needed for becoming independent

5. Which of the following sums up the author’s main point?

A．The apprenticeship system was effective in learning.

B．Students should be given more freedom in learning.

C．Students develop their interest through learning.

D．Learning to solve problems is learning through responsibility.

7 . Franz Kafka wrote that “a book must be the axe (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us. ” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn’t seem to require any explanation.

We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.”

But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate.

For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school -- one that often attracts the literary-minded children of Manhattan’s upper classes -- into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D.’s.

Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn’t always read from the expected point of view.

About The Red Pony, one student said, “it’s about being a man, it’s about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scar face and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck’s writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they’re all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.

1. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?

A．Because they spent much time reading it.

B．Because they had read the novel before.

C．Because they came from a public school.

D．Because they had similar life experiences.

2. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ________.

A．she was a literary-minded girl	B．her parents were immigrants
C．she couldn’t fit in with her class	D．her father was then in prison

3. To the author’s surprise, the students read the novels ________.

A．creatively

B．passively

C．repeatedly

D．carelessly

4. The author writes the passage mainly to ________.

A．introduce classic works of literature

B．advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

C．argue for equality among high school students

D．defend the current testing system

8 . Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test before they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now to include a writing part.

Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies have developed computer programs. These can grade students writing more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost less to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial intelligence to think in a way like teachers. In the State of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by the human readers.

The entrance test commonly used by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.

Systems are also being used to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writing against those already examined.

How do teachers feel all about this? Many say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand what a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.

But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems are meant to judge knowledge more than creativity.

1. What do the teachers think of the computer system?

A．They think highly of the computer systems since they are fast.

B．They don’t think that computers can grade writing as well as people.

C．They believe that computers can understand a writer’s idea well.

D．They are glad computers will spare their effort to correct student’s school work.

2. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of e-readers?

A．Saving much of teachers’ time.	B．Saving a lot of money.
C．Being fair and objective.	D．Appreciating humor and beauty.

3. The best title of this passage might be ________.

A．Computer-graded Writing System	B．Human-graded Writing
C．How to Improve Students’ Writing	D．Advantages of E-readers

10 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person     1     wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.

There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What     2     be more important than the individual himself ? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school,     3     (eliminate) all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality.     4     all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be     5     (good)? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of foods. When this happens, all incentive     6    (improve) one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard     7     their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?

Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars     8     (spend) on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother     9     (sell) the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion     10     advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. One entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.