1 . Sometimes trees can be a little too respectful of one another’s boundaries. Or maybe they just stop growing when they get too close. The phenomenon is called crown (树冠) shyness-the tops of individual trees do not touch each other, creating a visible gap between the tree crowns.

Experts aren’t exactly sure why the naturally occurring phenomenon happens, but they’ve been studying it for decades and have a few theories. In 1955 a biologist Putz noticed that the trees, which grow close together, can rub against each other when the wind is strong enough. The resulting abrasion (磨损) helps form and maintain the shyness gaps. In 1986, this theory was backed up by Dr. Miguel Franco, who noticed that the branches of Picea sitchensis and Larix kaempferi trees suffered physical damage during abrasion, which killed the leading branches. The presence of broken tips at the points where branches meet lends support to the abrasion theory.

However, one Malaysian scholar suggests that shyness gaps result from the influences individual trees have on one another. Trees cannot move, so if they have nearby neighbors, they are forced to compete for resources, especially light. According to this theory, each tree forces its neighbors into a pattern that maximizes resource collection and minimizes harmful competition. Trees grow in the direction of light, so branches would naturally try to avoid other plants that could shade them or prevent their growth, creating a gap between the tree crowns.

Another possible reason for crown shyness is to prevent the spread of harmful insects, which could eat the tree’s leaves. Still someone believes the best scientific explanation so far is that the leaves of the tree release certain chemicals to stop other trees from growing too close.

The answer could be just one of the above, or a combination of more. But some species have been adapted to take advantage of crown shyness to grow into shapes that go well with nearby trees and therefore economic profits can be maximized out of the phenomenon.

1. What is crown shyness according to the text?

A．A behavior exhibited by insects in the crown of trees.

B．A disease that affects the leaves of certain tree species.

C．A phenomenon where trees grow taller than surrounding ones.

D．An occurrence where crowns of trees avoid touching each other.

2. What is Miguel Franco’s attitude towards Putz’s theory?

A．Supportive.

B．Critical.

C．Tolerant.

D．Uncertain.

3. Which of the following may cause crown shyness according to Paragraph 3?

A．The blowing wind effect.	B．The release of a special chemical.
C．A natural way of shade avoidance.	D．An adaptation to stop insect spreading.

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．A further explanation of the theoretic framework.

B．Supporting evidence for the research conclusions.

C．A reasonable doubt about the research implications.

D．Practical application of crown shyness phenomenon.

2 . 选词填空

be absorbed in       be determined to       find oneself glued to       live up to         ticks all the right boxes        in particular             on the edge of one’s seat

1. Many people thought she didn’t _______ Helen’s title of “the most beautiful woman in the world”.
2. Perhaps one day, readers of Scott Fitzgerald’s most admired work will _______ their screens by episodes of The Great Gatsby.
3. As soon as the curtain rose, I _______ the performance.
4. In 2013, I _______ make my dream come true.
5. The Kimberley region, _______, is unique and untouched.

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What subject is Timmy teaching now?

A．Math.

B．French.

C．Science.

2. What makes Timmy a good teacher?

A．He is hard-working.

B．He reads and writes quickly.

C．He can understand students well.

3. What do the students think of Timmy’s lessons?

A．Difficult.

B．Exciting.

C．Boring.

4. How does Timmy teach his students?

A．By asking them to read lots of books.

B．By giving them study methods.

C．By using real examples.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the time now?

A．9:30.

B．10:00.

C．10:30.

2. Who is Jack Smith?

A．A general manager.

B．A sales manager.

C．A marketing manager.

3. What will the woman do at 3:00 pm?

A．Visit the factory.

B．Taste different coffee.

C．Sign an agreement.

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Who had a party last Saturday?

A．Jack.

B．Linda.

C．Jenny.

2. When will the girl have to finish her homework?

A．By this Friday.

B．By this Saturday.

C．By next Monday.

3. What is the girl going to do this weekend?

A．Visit her cousin.

B．Clean her room.

C．Visit the library.

4. Where did the girl find useful information for her homework?

A．From the books.

B．From her brother.

C．From the Internet.

6 . 假设上周日你和Tony去公园野餐，在路上Tony不小心扭伤了左脚，恰好你在学校学过这方面的急救知识，及时对Tony进行了急救。请就此事写一篇短文。
内容包括：
1. 拨打120求救；
2. 把Tony的左脚放在一个较舒适的位置；
3. 用冰袋冷敷受伤部位；
4. 肿胀减轻后用绷带包扎扭伤部位。
5. 体会和感受。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Their o __________ (目标) was clear: to reach the Normandy beaches along about 80 kilometres of French coastline. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)

8 . 学校计划举行一次英语作文比赛，主题是“The Great Person I Admire Most”。请选择一位你最崇敬的伟大人物(艺术家、音乐家、文学家等)，写一篇英语作文，需包含以下信息：
1. 人物简介；
2. 尊敬或爱戴的理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . ________________ (在黎明时) on 6 June, thousands landed by parachute behind enemy lines in northern France. (根据汉语提示完成句子)

10 . My family went to London for visiting specialists. The day before we _______ the ship, Father said goodbye gently to his five-year-old “friend”, an Australian cattle dog, Spider, who was loved by us all. Father’s friend Sandy kept him _______ while we were overseas.

Six weeks later, a _______ arrived from Sandy, giving my father the news that Spider had _______ just two weeks after we had sailed. I will always remember my father’s face _______ and his eyes filled with sadness as he read the letter. Sandy has _______ constantly on ABC radio and other local newspapers. _______ , the dog was never found later. Spider seemed to decide to _______ us elsewhere.

Finally, we made a _______. We sailed back and did everything that we could do ________ waiting. Several months passed but there was still no news concerning. My father took the ________ and kept looking for him.

One cold morning eight months after, my father had a call from an old lady who said she was putting food out “for a very old dog”. My father’s eyes were lighted up with ________. That was enough for my father to ________ immediately. When we arrived at the old lady’s house, she showed us the dog. It was Spider! My father did his special whistle (口哨) for Spider. “Woof!” he barked. Spider was capturing (捕捉) the ________ feeling that occurred when he first locked eyes with my father. To Spider, our ________ and love are the inspiration.

1.

A．sailed

B．parked

C．boarded

D．camped

2.

A．alive

B．away

C．accompanied

D．apart

3.

A．letter

B．story

C．service

D．test

4.

A．fallen ill

B．got stuck

C．lost life

D．run away

5.

A．confusing

B．shocking

C．moving

D．touching

6.

A．announced

B．advertised

C．posted

D．blogged

7.

A．Unfortunately

B．Luckily

C．Hopefully

D．Eventually

8.

A．attend to

B．take over

C．look around

D．search for

9.

A．decision

B．discussion

C．advice

D．plan

10.

A．as to

B．except for

C．instead of

D．due to

11.

A．lead

B．place

C．risk

D．pace

12.

A．silence

B．dissatisfaction

C．excitement

D．praise

13.

A．pulled up

B．drove off

C．stepped in

D．calmed down

14.

A．special

B．familiar

C．painful

D．empty

15.

A．expectation

B．creativity

C．generosity

D．determination