2 . For Kurt Gray, a social psychologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, conducting experiments comes with certain problems. Before starting any study, his lab must get ethical(伦理的)approval from an institutional review board, which can take weeks or months. Then his team has to hire online participants—easier than bringing people into the lab, but Gray says the online subjects are often lazy. Then the researchers spend hours cleaning the data. But earlier this year, Gray accidentally saw an alternative way to do things.

He was working with computer scientists at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence to see whether they could develop an AI system that made moral judgments like humans. But first they figured they’d see if a system from the startup Open AI could already do the job. The team asked GPT-3. 5, which produces human-like text, to judge the ethics of 464 scenarios(情境), previously evaluated by human subjects. It turned out that the system’s answers were nearly the same as human responses.

“This is crazy,” Gray says. “If you can just ask GPT to make these judgments, why don’t you just ask GPT instead of asking people?” The results were published this month in Trends in Cognitive Science.

Now, researchers are considering AI’s ability to act as human subjects in fields such as psychology, political science, economics, and market research. No one is yet suggesting that chatbots can completely replace humans in behavioral studies. But they may act as convenient stand-ins(替代者) in pilot studies and for designing experiments, saving time and money. Language models might also help with experiments that would be too impractical, or even dangerous to run with people. “It’s a really interesting time,” says Ayelet Israeli, a marketing professor at Harvard Business School who believes the models’ impact on behavioral research could amount to a “revolution”. “Some of these results are just astonishing.”

1. What is a problem facing Kurt Gray at the start of a study?

A．Online participants demand higher pay.	B．Volunteers dislike the online experiment.
C．Preparations take lots of time and effort.	D．Researchers lack skills to function in teams.

2. How does Kurt Gray find GPT?

A．Demanding.

B．Worrying.

C．Amusing.

D．Satisfying.

3. What is an advantage of language models according to the text?

A．They can be applied to cases difficult to study.	B．They may replace human subjects completely.
C．They will improve people’s well-being.	D．They might promote economic growth.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．What Has AI Brought About?	B．What Do We Expect of GPT
C．Should We Get Rid of Chatbots?	D．Can AI Help Behavioral Research?

3 . Seafloor cables (光缆) carry over 95% of all digital data traffic worldwide, including financial trading information and social media communications. However, how the Earth’s changing climate could impact this vast undersea network has been relatively understudied until now.

In a new study published in Earth-Science Reviews, an international team of researchers led by the UK’s National Oceanography Centre(NOC) worked to illuminate this problem by assessing how and where future climate change is likely to impact subsea cables.

By analyzing published datasets, the researchers identified regional climate change “hotspots” where threats to subsea cables may become more intense. These include areas in the western Pacific where changes to tropical cyclone (热带气旋) intensity and frequency have already increased cable damage.

“In our paper, we conducted the first comprehensive assessment of a range of climate-related threats to seafloor cables across the globe and their landing stations,” says study co-author Thomas Wahl. “Our analysis clearly stresses the need to carefully plan cable routes and landing station locations factoring in a range of local threats and how those are affected by climate change.”

When we look at Florida, there are at least 21 subsea telecommunications cables that connect to the Florida coastline, North and South America and the Caribbean, meaning that there will be a breakdown in communications worldwide if a cable is damaged, the researchers say.

However, the study identifies the importance of assessing changing conditions, particularly where multiple cable systems share a landing point, as they may be affected by combinations of threats that affect the low-lying Florida coastline, such as sea level rise, and changes in storm activity. “Our reliance on cables that are no wider than a garden hose (软管) is a surprise to many, who regard satellites as the main means of communication,” says lead author Mike Clare, a researcher with NOC. “But satellites simply don’t have the bandwidth to support modern digital systems. The ‘cloud’ is not in the sky—it is under the sea.”

1. What does the underlined word “illuminate” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Find.

B．Miss.

C．Explain.

D．Connect.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The threat of sea level rise.	B．The finding of the study.
C．The cause of climate change.	D．The method of the research.

3. Which of the following best describes Florida in the global network?

A．Effective.

B．Complex.

C．Stable.

D．Critical.

4. What can we infer from Mike Clare’s words?

A．Subsea cables are more important for global communications.

B．Satellites have the ability to support modern digital systems.

C．Natural disasters will happen frequently due to climate change.

D．There is no need to assess potential threats to seafloor cables.

4 . Many visual artists have a signature style, as unique and identifiable as a fingerprint. For Amoako Boafo, who often paints with his fingers, this seems doubly true. His distinctive paint strokes (笔画) combine the complex skin tones of his chosen subjects, many of whom are, like himself, Africans with global life experiences.

Boafo, whose first solo museum exhibition runs at the Seattle Art Museum, was born and raised in Accra, Ghana, and moved to Vienna, Austria, in 2014, where he ran into difficulties, with gallerists unwilling to show his works due to his focus on Black figures. He continued making an effort to create self-portraits (自画像) and people he knew or admired-African people and Black people who have African ancestry, painting a community of sorts during a time of hardship. He also developed his standout approach to figurative painting, which combines areas of bright and noticeable color with his soft and deep fingerpainting.

He began posting his art online and caught the attention of artists like Kehinde Wiley, the celebrated American artist. The word started to spread.

Boafo is now a global art star, with numerous shows at galleries and art fairs, working with fashion house Dior, and several paintings selling for over a million dollars. In 2021, with three of his paintings being launched into space by Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos’ Kent-based spaceflight company, you might even say Boafo has rocketed to success.

And yet a recent phone conversation with the artist from his studio in Accra, which is once again his home base, revealed a well-mannered person who appreciated his success while pointing out all of the luck and preparation that led to it. Seeing so many of his paintings -created from 2016 to 2022-gathered together in an exhibition has helped him remember that “I did not ‘just happen. ‘I did not expect this success but I was hopeful and ready for it.”

1. What makes Boafo’s paintings different from other artists’ works?

A．His finger strokes.	B．His home country. ss-ess
C．His life experiences.	D．His traditional style.

2. How did Boafo deal with the difficult situation in Austria?

A．By turning to celebrated artists for help.	B．By developing a unique painting style.
C．By running his art exhibition at home.	D．By working with local art galleries.

3. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning the spaceflight company?

A．To indicate the price of space travel.	B．To show the value of Boafo’s works.
C．To introduce an international brand.	D．To tell us the advances in technology.

4. What can we learn about Boafo?

A．He is talkative.

B．He is patient.

C．He is determined.

D．He is humorous.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Hotpot has a long history of over 1,000 years in China. It used to     1     (favor) only in winter, but recently hotpot has been appearing on tables all year round.

    2     the delicious flavor, there are two other important reasons for the Chinese to like hotpot. First, it is a great way     3    (socialize) — people gather around the pot, chatting, eating, drinking     4     having fun. Second, hotpot is a healthy meal. Boiling is better than frying, with bone nutrients     5     (release) into the soup. In addition, eating hot pot can warm the body in winter, and increase perspiration (排汗) to help cool the body in summer. Some seasonings (作料) used in hotpots can help relieve some minor     6    (illness) like colds, blocked sinuses and headaches.

Chongqi ng Hotpot is the staple dish of the city. Hotpot restaurants in Chongqi ng are everywhere — if you look up on the street you are in, chances are that you     7    (stand) exactly near a hotpot restaurant.

    8    (usual), the taste of food can reflect the attitude and ‘status of life there. As a    9     (symbol) food in Chongqing, it reflects that people there have the sense of integrity and embrace the diversified culture. Almost everything     10     is eatable can be cooked in hotpot, so eating hotpot is a must when you come to Chongqing!

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Backlight 226 is a rare bookstore in Shanghai, as it offers books by visually impaired （损伤） people to those with visual impairments.     1     (locate) in the city’s leafy Nanchang Street, the store has been a fixture in the area since 2022, providing much-needed reading materials to the blind community.

“People may only know about the famous Helen Keller, but there are famous blind Chinese     2     (writer) as well,” said Han Ying, the manager of Backlight 226, referring to the American author and activist     3     lost her sight and hearing at an early age.

Han partially lost her vision after an accident aged 21 and     4     (become) completely blind five years later. She said she had to give up     5     (teach) calligraphy, and the way she read was also affected.

Now, aged 43, she relies     6     special apps designed for the visually impaired and spends most of her time at the bookstore. There, she promotes reading among visually impaired people and the bookstore     7     (equip) with facilities that allow the visually impaired     8     (read) more comfortably.

“Backlight 226 is a start,” Han said. “There will     9     (definite) be more like it across the country so that we can make the public know more about the special groups     10     their world.”

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Four Chinese nationals have been confirmed killed in a stampede     1    occurred Saturday night at Itaewon, a district in Seoul. At least 154 people were killed and 149 others injured in the stampede. It was the country’s     2     (deadly) disaster since a ferry sinking incident left 304 people dead     3     April 2014. The Chinese embassy said shortly after the stampede that it immediately activated an emergency response mechanism,     4    (contact) the South Korean side overnight,     5    paid close attention to the Internet and social media platforms     6    (see) if any Chinese nationals were seeking help. The Chinese embassy has offered condolences and will provide     7    (assist) to the families of the deceased.

An estimated 100,000 people     8    (gather) at Itaewon for the country’s biggest no-mask outdoor Halloween event since     9    outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Most of the victims were those in     10     late teens and 20s.