2 . All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键).

At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords.

The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key.

“If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”.

While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds.

“A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley.

1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Why protective steps are needed.

B．Why a set of training data is vital.

C．How you document secret information.

D．How hackers gain data from targeted computers.

2. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The keyboard.

B．The model.

C．The waveform.

D．The computer.

3. What do Buckley’s words imply in the last paragraph?

A．AI understands exactly what you’re typing.

B．Purchasing expensive computer is necessary.

C．Cats play an important role in privacy protection.

D．Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．A scary danger is on the way.

B．A new form of hacking troubles us.

C．AI can transform the digital world in a big way.

D．AI can discover passwords by listening to you type.

3 . Thousands of books are published daily, and book advertisements play a crucial role in increasing awareness about those books. But it’s too easy to be tricked into bad “advertising opportunities” and make the wrong decisions. Here are several forms of digital advertising proven to work well.

Facebook advertising: Facebook provides the perfect advertising platform for authors because it allows targeting very specific categories of people. The other advantage is that it’s easy to test. You can start with a budget as low as $5 and gradually increase your monetary (货币的) commitment if your return on investment is positive.

Amazon advertising: Amazon allows you to show ads about your book directly on other book pages and search result pages. Since their main US rollout in 2017, they’ve become the most effective advertising place for authors.

Bookbub advertising: Bookbub rolled out a self-serve ad platform in 2016, which they’ve greatly improved since. It’s a less competitive playing field than Facebook or Amazon, but it does have its features.

Discount/promotion advertising: If you’re running a discount or free promotion on one of your books, you can apply to have it advertised in the newsletters of platforms such as Freebooksy, Bargainbooksy, etc.

Other types of advertising include search advertising, Goodreads advertising, banner ads on websites, etc. These haven’t produced the same effective results for most authors yet, but they could be just as effective (or more) if you write in a certain field.

1. What is special about the Facebook advertising?

A．It is easy for authors to access.

B．It aims at saving money for readers.

C．It allows adjusting investment by profit.

D．It includes different categories of information.

2. Which is suitable to promote your book with a discount?

A．Facebook.

B．Amazon.

C．Bookbub.

D．Freebooksy.

3. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To get readers to buy more books.

B．To raise people’s reading awareness.

C．To offer authors advertising platforms.

D．To help publishers communicate with readers.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Swim Buddies

I leaned (倚靠) over the side of the beat and stared at the clear blue water. This was my last chance, I thought. “I hope you find a green turtle (乌龟) today, Alexa, and realize your dream of swimming with it.” Dad said, as if reading my thought. “Me, too,” my brother, Jonah, said. “I want to see one, too!”

I lifted my head up, turned toward Jonah, and glared. Why, why, why did he always insist on following me everywhere, doing everything I did? Make your own friends. I wanted to scream at him. Find your own green sea turtle! But I said nothing. Ever since Jonah was a little kid and they discovered he acted so differently because he had autism (自闭症), I had been trained to show understanding for him. Trained to put up with a lot, including his shouts at the top of his lungs.

“We’ll stop here, and if we are lucky enough to see turtles.” Father said, “remember not to get too close, or they will be scared away. Do the ‘dead man’s float’ and wait. If they’re curious enough, they’ll cheek you out.”

Jonah said — too loudly, of course, so everyone on the boat could hear him —“That turtle sounds just like me. It wants to be friends but doesn’t know how, like me. I really, really, really want to see one, Dad.”

Putting the mouthpiece into my mouth, I dived into the water. I swam in a different direction and searched the seafloor. Suddenly, I saw a huge green turtle chewing on the seaweed. Excited as I was, I did the dead man’s float, lying as still as possible. “Come on, buddy (伙伴).” I said to myself, “Come swim with me!”

As I watched than lonely turtle, I couldn’t help bust think of Jonah’s words about friends — Jonah didn’t have friends. He functioned well enough to be in a regular class, but he was still strange enough that the other kids stayed away from him. This turtle might be the only one we could find today. And I knew that Jonah had got his heart set on seeing one, just like I did. Even though Jonah made my life really hard. I understood how he felt. I swam to Jonah.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Together, we swam back toward my turtle.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Emerging from the water, Jonah shouted, “The turtle is our friend now!”

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

“Chinese civilization is one of the most fascinating and lasting in the world,” Frances Wood, a well-known British Sinologist, said.

Wood     1     (appreciate) Chinese history ever since she studied at Peking University,     2     love for Chinese culture is reflected in her daily life. The front yard of her house is full of bamboo, and her bookshelf     3     (load) with Chinese and English books related to China. She keeps numerous gifts given to her by Chinese friends, such as small Peking Opera masks, Chinese calligraphy works and paintings.

As a judge in the “Chinese Bridge” language contest     4     (hold) in London for British university students, she was amazed by their great passion for learning Mandarin. “They were not only fluent Mandarin speakers but also excellent performers, with talents     5     (range) from musical instruments to martial arts,” she says.

“People now have such a good opportunity     6     (go) to China, to visit and learn from people in China. The opportunities are much greater than they were when I started learning,” she says.

One of her favorite Chinese words is the one     7     owl, maotouying. She explains, “I love it because it immediately gives you a picture of     8     an owl looks like.”

Such a “wonderful     9     (combine)” of Chinese characters offers her much pleasure. For Wood, learning Chinese is     10     “endless process”, which is still “endlessly fascinating”.

10 . When you eagerly dig into a long-anticipated dinner, signals from your stomach to your brain keep you from eating so much that you’ll regret it—or so it’s been thought. That theory had never really been directly tested until a team of scientists at University of California, San Francisco recently took up the question.

The team, led by Zachary Knight, a professor of UCSF physiology discovered that our tastebuds (味蕾) are the first line of defense against eating too fast. The study, published in the journal Nature, provides scientists with a novel perspective on how we control our appetite and could make clear the efficacy of weight-loss drugs like Ozempic.

Truong Ly, PhD, a graduate student in Knight’s lab, developed new techniques allowing for the imaging and recording of a brainstem structure critical for feeling full in an awake, active mouse. The team found that when they put food directly into the mouse’s stomach, brain cells called PRLH which influences appetite were activated by nutrient signals sent from the stomach, in line with traditional thinking and the results of prior studies. However, when they allowed the mice to eat the food as they normally would, those signals from the stomach didn’t show up. Instead, the PRLH brain cells switched to a new activity pattern that was entirely controlled by signals from the mouth.

“It was a total surprise that these cells were provoked by sense of taste,” said Ly. “It shows that there are other components of the appetite-control system that we should be thinking about.” The research indicates that when we’re hungry, our brain uses taste in two different ways at the same time—one telling us to eat more because it tastes good, and another part is watching how fast you’re eating and saying, “Slow down or you’re going to be sick.”

The research indicates that our brain integrates taste, rather than only relying on stomach signaling, to control eating behavior. The team plans to investigate how taste signals interact with feedback from the stomach to suppress (抑制) our appetite during a meal.

1. What does the study conducted by UCSF find?

A．Ozempic is effective in weight loss.	B．Stomachs have effects on our appetite.
C．Sense of taste can affect the speed of eating.	D．The expectation for dinner influences food intake.

2. What can we learn about PRLH brain cells in paragraph 3?

A．They are crucial to providing nutrients.

B．Their activities can also be ruled by taste signals.

C．Their functions are determined by regular meals.

D．They can be improved by signals from stomach and taste.

3. What does the underlined word “provoke” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Stimulate.

B．Damage.

C．Manage.

D．Restrict.

4. What will the following research be about?

A．Stomach feedback for appetite.	B．Interaction of taste and stomach.
C．The functions of taste signals.	D．Development of weight-loss drugs.