1 . Some vaccines (疫苗) offer lifelong protection against a disease while other vaccines have to be regularly boosted. What’s the difference?

“The measles virus is basically the same one that was around in 1936,” says Schaffner, professor of infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), calling it a “very stable virus.” Because of this, the measles vaccine offers lifelong protection after the second dose (剂). There is a reliable antibody test for measles, but the vaccine’s effect is so proven and solid that you probably don’t need it, as long as you were fully vaccinated as a child. Other live viruses like mumps and rubella are also remarkably stable, and thus don’t need to be repeated.

The flu virus, however, is very“plastic” , says Schaffner. “They put on a new sport coat once in a while that changes the way we measure protection against them.” That’s why the experts recommend an annual flu shot to protect against the strain (菌株) that’s expected to dominate that season. The various flu strains are related, so even if a different flu virus takes over, you’re still going to enjoy some protection.

The Tdap vaccine is another one that doesn’t last forever, which protects against a number of diseases (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis). A booster is recommended every 10 years, or with every pregnancy. This is because pertussis, also known as whooping cough, has increased sharply in the last couple of decades. Moms and babies are at higher risk of being targeted by this disease. It’s also helpful to get boosted on schedule because if you step on a nail or other sharp metal object, tetanus won’t be nearly as much of a concern if you’re pre - protected. Decades’ worth of research have set this booster schedule.

If you’re concerned about whether or not you ‘re still protected by a particular vaccine, the best course is to talk to your doctor. An antibody test will be recommended, and if you’ re past due they’ll recommend getting up to date.

1. What do measles and rubella viruses have in common?

A．They don’t change much with time.	B．They interact with each other.
C．They need to be vaccinated repeatedly.	D．They were first discovered in 1936.

2. The annual flu vaccine        if a different flu strain spreads.

A．is barely effective	B．offers some protection
C．is basically outdated	D．needs some improvement

3. Who are more likely to be affected by pertussis?

A．Adolescents.

B．Young children.

C．Adults.

D．The senior.

4. What’s probably the function of an antibody test?

A．Protecting people from certain virus.	B．Ensuring a treatment for a disease.
C．Checking the protection of a vaccine.	D．Providing an up-to-date body examination.

2 . Cornwall Council apologised to the public after a citizen complained that one of its buildings was lit up “like a Christmas tree” at midnight during an energy crisis.

On Saturday, a dog walker, Stuart, discovered a brightly-lighted Chy Trevail building in Bodmin, which accommodates more than 600 staff. The witness said, “How can the council explain for leaving all the lights and TVs on? We’re constantly told there is an energy crisis. They put our council tax up. For what reason? Because they employed staff that forget how to use a light switch?”

There were complaints about a similar issue last summer when Lys Kernow, formerly the New County Hall in Truro was pictured with all the lights on past midnight both inside and outside.

A council spokesman admitted it was an error. “Following an investigation, we can confirm some lights at Chy Trevail were left switched on accidentally,” he said, “Training will be given to the workers who made the mistake to ensure this is not to happen again. Cornwall Council is committed to reducing its energy use and has taken many steps to do so, including the installation (安装) of solar panels at both County Hall in Truro and at Chy Trevail. A new lighting control system has also been installed in Truro to ensure the amount of time lights are left switched on is minimised.“

Chy Trevail includes a central hall for the main reception and public facilities, as well as open- plan flexible workspaces over three floors. The building has “a special design driven by a challenging display energy certificate rating and includes 200kw photovoltaics (太阳能光伏) to generate on-site renewable energy, low energy LED lighting, improved insulation, air-tightness and measures to reduce water consumption.

Cornwall Council previously declared a climate emergency and hopes to be carbon neutral by 2030.The local authority has invested in LED lighting at Lys Kernow and uses renewably-sourced energy to power the building, including solar energy from panels installed on the roof.

1. What did Stuart see on Saturday night?

A．Over 600 staff working overtime.

B．A Christmas tree being decorated.

C．Bright lights burning in a council building.

D．Council workers turning on office lights.

2. How will the workers involved be dealt with by the council?

A．They will be educated.	B．They will be fired.
C．They will be blamed.	D．They will be fined.

3. Which word can properly describe the Chy Trevail building?

A．Peaceful.

B．Convenient.

C．Low-cost.

D．Energy-efficient.

4. What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Council staff learn a lesson from leaving lights on.

B．Cornwall Council is accused of wasting tax money.

C．A council building is equipped with high technology.

D．A dog-walker made a complaint about an energy crisis.

3 . I’m sure you have noticed that I’m fat. I am the capital F-A-T kind of fat. I am the elephant in the room.

When I was six years old, my sister taught ballet to us little girls. I was about a foot taller and a foot wider than most of the group. When it came to doing our first performance, I was so excited about wearing a pretty pink tutu (短裙) and shining on stage. As the other girls slipped easily into their tutus, none was big enough to fit me. I was determined not to be excluded from the performance, so I turned to my mother and loudly said, “Mom, I don’t need a tutu. I need a fourfour.

Although I didn’t recognize it at the time, claiming space for myself in that glorious fourfour was the first step towards becoming a fat activist. I’m not saying that this has been an easy skip along a glittering path of self-acceptance since that day in class. Far from it. I soon learned that living outside what the mainstream considers normal can be a frustrating place. I’ve been openly laughed at and been told that I’m day-dreaming. I also receive smiles from strangers who recognize what it takes to walk down the street with your head held high.

Through it all, that fierce little six-year-old has stayed with me, and she has helped me stand before you today as a person that simply refuses to subscribe to the dominant concept about how I should move through the world in this body of mine.

And I’m not alone. I am part of an international community of people who choose to flourish in these bodies as they are today. We value mental health, self-worth and how we feel in our bodies as vital aspects to our overall well-being. We are the people who refuse to believe that living in these fat bodies is a barrier to anything.

1. What can we learn about the author at the age of six?

A．She was ashamed of her body.	B．She was eager to perform.
C．She was laughed at by others.	D．She was praised by her sister.

2. What does the underlined word “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Returned.

B．Hidden.

C．Prevented.

D．Protected.

3. How was the author’s journey to self- acceptance?

A．Smooth.

B．Heart-breaking.

C．Lonely.

D．Bitter-sweet.

4. What is the author’s opinion according to the passage?

A．Fat people should try to lose weight.

B．People shouldn’t care about how they look.

C．Slim people have better control of their bodies.

D．Being fat can’t stop people doing what they like.

4 . Rome has been around for almost three thousand years and yet carries all that weight of history with a light heart. Explore our guides of Rome’s attractions, restaurants, shopping, nightlife and amazing things to do.

Morning

Start your day with a Roman breakfast of cappuccino and cornetto at elegant Bar Rosati, which at this morning hour still has a relaxing atmosphere. Then cross the square to the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, an artistic treasure world in which two strikingly dramatic canvases by Caravaggio stand out.

Afternoon

Brave the crowds and head for the Colosseum/Forum/Palatine complex. Half circus, half sports stadium, Rome’s most famous classical ruin is unmissable--especially now that they have extended the visitor route to the underfloor passageways through which gladiators (角斗士) and wild beasts made their entrances. Walk from the Colosseum through the Forum to the pretty Palatine Hill, where Romulus legendarily founded Rome, and where emperors such as Augustus built their palaces.

Late

Dine in one of Rome’s new breed of creative restaurants. In Trastevere, La Gensola offers a mix of tasty Roman specialities and Sicilian-style seafood dishes in an informal setting. Alternatively, head for Testaccio and grab a pizza at Da Remo or an aperitivo at the Enoteca Palombi, known for its selection of beers from across the globe.

Do you know?

Dress code in churches: shoulders covered and modest dress length for women, while for men vests and really short shorts are frowned on- -though these rules are only strictly enforced in major churches like St. Peter’s.

1. Where can you enjoy canvases by Caravaggio?

A．Bar Rosati.	B．Santa Maria del Popolo.
C．The Forum.	D．St. Peter’s.

2. What’s an advantage of visiting Colosseum now?

A．It holds more people.	B．The nearby Palatine is in its full beauty.
C．It’s Colosseum’s off season.	D．An extended visitor route is in use now.

3. What clothing is accepted in Roman churches?

A．Long sleeve shirts.	B．Very short shorts.
C．Mini skirts for women.	D．Vests for men.

5 . Have you ever played a computer game for a long time and then kept seeing the game’s images afterward? This happened to me with the classic shape-falling game Tetris (俄罗斯方块), created in 1985 by Alexey Pajitnov.

Feeling stressed one evening, I turned on my Switch to find a game to play and relax with. That’s when I discovered Tetris. Before I knew it, I was obsessed. Even when I stopped, my brain was still playing, with the blocks falling in my mind. I started looking at objects in the real world and thinking about how they could be moved and stacked(堆叠) together. I even dreamed about Tetris. I was experiencing the common "Tetris effect".

Introduced by journalist Jeffrey Goldsmith in his 1994 Wired magazine article called This Is Your Brain on Tetris, the effect has been observed by psychologists and researchers. The lasting images of Tetris are due to the "Zeigarnik effect", in which people have better memories of uncompleted tasks than those of completed ones. Tetris, being a game that technically never ends, keeps you thinking of the game’s unfinished task, reported Tech Times. And the catchy music stays with you, too.

There are also positives to the Tetris Effect. In his 1991 study, psychologist Richard Haier at the University of California found that continuously playing Tetris resulted in the thickness of the cerebral cortex (大脑皮层) increasing, which improves brain efficiency(效率), reported psychology website Practical Pie. Haier’s discovery got Tetris put into the Guinness World Records Video Gamer’s Edition 2008, as the "first video game to be proven to improve brain functioning and efficiency".

Tetris has also been researched for use as a treatment for people suffering from trauma (创伤). The Yale Scientific Magazine reported that researchers at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, UK, found that playing Tetris appeared to reduce intrusive (侵入性的) memories in the short term for individuals affected by motor vehicle accidents.

So, the next time you want to play a computer game, why not try the classic Tetris and see if it improves your brain function? But he warned, you’ll likely be seeing falling blocks everywhere.

1. What does the underlined word "obsessed" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Quite shocked.	B．Extremely interested.
C．Highly satisfied.	D．Very curious.

2. What can we learn about the "Tetris Effect" from the text?

A．It is connected to the way our memory functions.

B．It is an uncommon occurrence among children.

C．It can cause the "Zeigarnik effect".

D．It is primarily related to the game’s music.

3. What benefit can people get from continuously playing Tetris, according to Haier?

A．Improved memory.

B．Lifted mood.

C．Better brain function.

D．Relief from painful experiences.

4. What is the author’s tone in the last paragraph?

A．Serious.	B．Amusing.
C．Worried.	D．Doubtful.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Mango Tree—A Friend of All

It was a usual cheerful and playful day for Dorothy. The only difference was that her family had shifted to a new apartment. Although she had been in the new house just two days, Dorothy had already started liking her new home very much, not only because of the spacious rooms, but also because of a large mango tree which had lovingly extended its branches across the balcony of her house. The mango tree not only gave a beautiful view but also served as a home for a large number of birds and small animals. Dorothy’s mother was also fond of plants and had kept many potted plants in the balcony.

A week passed by. On a Sunday morning, Dorothy was awakened by a loud noise in her neighbourhood. She ran towards the balcony and, to her surprise, found some people chopping (砍) off the beloved mango tree. She ran up to her mother and explained the matter.

Dorothy and her mother looked down from the balcony. They saw the women under the guidance of Mr. Denver, cutting the mango tree down. Mr. Denver was the resident of the ground floor apartment. He said angrily, “Look, I am getting this job done under my expense. This tree is blocking my view. I cannot see my car properly because of this annoying tree.” Dorothy and her mother understood that there was no point in having an argument with Mr. Denver.

From then on, Dorothy tried all possible ways to take her revenge (报复) against Mr. Denver for cutting her beloved mango tree. She did many tricks such as sticking the gum on his call ng bell, pouring sugar in his balcony to attractants, jumping on the floor to create noise, etc.

Days passed by. One morning, as Dorothy was helping her mother water the potted plants kept in the balcony, she couldn’t take here yes away from the fresh green leaves coming from the injured mango tree. Dorothy couldn’t hold her excitement and started jumping with delight.

注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
        Several days later, Dorothy’s parents decided to invite Mr. Denver and his family for dinner.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
        Mr. Denver received Dorothy’s mother’s gift warmly with a smile.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 通过阅读 Sarah的故事，我们了解到她在无助悲伤的时候，音乐给了她快乐和力量。音乐陪她度过了艰难黑暗的时光。根据下面的提示，谈谈你曾经遇到过什么样的困难和挫折，是什么让你勇敢坚强的去面对？并谈谈你的感受或建议。
写作要点：
1.What was your problem or difficulty?
2.What/Who helped you and how helped?   (friend,book ...)
3.What is your advice to others?
要求:
1.短文应包括所有的写作要点，条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3.词数80-120，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Have you ever faced hard time? Yes, I have. But_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容从下面方框内的七个选项中选择五个填入空白处，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。一空一句。
(Anna and Bob are talking on the way to school. Anna =A,Bob =B)
A: How was your summer vacation?
B: It was great.
A:     1    .
B: I went to Beijing in China.
A:     2    .
B: Because Beijing is an ancient and modern city.
A: Really?    3    .
B: Yes,there are.I visited the Great Wall ,Tiananmen Square,the Summer Palace.How about your vacation?
A:     4    .I just stayed at home,and I had nothing to do.
B: Hmm...Maybe you should go to somewhere to relax yourself .
A:     5    .
A. Good idea.
B. It was boring.
C. Sounds terrible.
D. It was interesting.
E. Where did you go?
F. Why did you go there?
G. Are there many places of interest?

9 . After a long, cold and dry winter, life and color are starting to return. Flowers are everywhere, birds are singing and people are flying kites.Known as the birthplace of kites, Weifang in Shandong province has a long history of making kites.

It is believed that Weifang kite-making can be traced back (回溯) to 2, 000 years ago. At first, they were often used by the army for communication purposes. During the Ming Dynasty (1368—1644), kites started to be popular. Made from bamboo and covered with traditional Chinese paintings, Weifang kite-making was in the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) lists in 2006. The International Kite Festival has been held in Wei fang every year since 1984.

Yang Hong wei, 56, is an inheritor (传承人) of the Wei fang kite-making. Born in a kite-making family, Yang often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in her grandfather’s workshop. “Many places around the world have a tradition of flying kites,” Yang said. “ But I think behind our kites is the beauty of our nature and culture.”

On Yang’s kites, people can see not only common things like flowers and birds, but also some patterns (图案) telling about Chinese fairy tales and history. “It takes lots of time,” Yang added, “but when I explain the things on the kites to foreign customers, I feel a sense of great achievement.”

In her spare time, she also travels to different countries including Germany,   Australia, the US and New Zealand to tell people about Chinese stories seen on kites and the traditional ways of making kites. “I’m an inheritor of the culture. It is an important job of mine to spread the heritage around the world and onto the next generation (一代人).” she said.

1. Which of the following is Not true about the weifang kite-making?

A．They are made from bamboo.

B．They are different shapes.

C．They are covered with traditional Chinese paintings.

D．They are only some common things like flowers and birds.

2. What’s the second paragraph mainly about ?

A．The purposes of flying kites.

B．The history of Wei fang kite-making.

C．The materials to make Wei fang kites.

D．The International Kite Festival.

3. What can we know about Yang’s kites ?

A．Yang’s kites are very common.

B．Yang’s kites are easy to make.

C．Yang’s kites show people the beauty of Chinese culture .

D．Yang’s kites are only sold in China.

4. What does the underlined word “things” refer to in Paragraph 4?

A．common things.

B．flowers and birds.

C．leaves and flowers.

D．Chinese fairy tales and history.

5. What’s the main idea of this passage?

A．The making of Weifang kites.

B．The history of Weifang kites.

C．The meaning of Weifang kites.

D．The inheritor of the Weifang kite-making.

10 . Summer in your country may not be the same as summer in other countries. Summer is different all around the world!

         In the Northern Hemisphere (the half of the Earth above the equator), summer is in the months of June,July and August, but in the Southern Hemisphere (the half of the Earth below the equator), summer happens in December, January and February.

The time the sun rises and sets is different around the world, too. In places that are in the extreme north or south of the Earth, such as Antarctica or Lapland, there is sunshine 24 hours a day during summer! This is called the “midnight sun” because you can see the sun at midnight during the summer.

The weather can be different in summer, too. In countries with tropical (热带的) climates, such as Thailand or Bangladesh, the weather in summer is very hot and humid (潮湿的) with lots of rain. Some countries, such as Spain, have hot and dry summers. In some countries, summer isn’t very hot at all. In Iceland, the average (平均的) summer temperature is around 15℃.

Even the sounds of summer are different! In some countries, such as China, you can hear the really loud buzzing sound of cicadas (蝉) all summer long.

Summer traditions are also different all around the world. In Mexico, people eat ice lollies called paletas that can be made from fruits such as strawberries, mangoes or even avocados! In Japan, people eat flavored shaved ice called kakigori and cold noodles in the hot summer weather.

1. Where can we most probably read the passage?

A．In a story book	B．On a fashion website
C．In a food advertisement	D．In a geography magazine

2. Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “        ”in Paragraph 2.

A．Summer lasts longer in some parts of the world.

B．Summer happens at different times in different places.

C．Summer can happen at the same time in both hemispheres.

D．Summer ends at the same time in different parts of the Earth.

3. Which country is the coolest in summer?

A．Spain

B．Thailand

C．Iceland

D．Bangladesh.

4. What would be the best structure of the passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

5. What is the writer’s purpose according to the passage?

A．To introduce different summer activities.

B．To tell us how summer is different in the world.

C．To show us summer traditions in different countries.

D．To explain why summer is different around the world.