1 .
| A．Tennis is difficult to learn. |
| B．It’s too late for the man to learn tennis. |
| C．She advised the man to try a new sport. |
| D．The man should give up tennis. |
| A．He doesn’t like the new canteen. |
| B．He is willing to try out the new canteen. |
| C．He thinks the new canteen is OK. |
| D．He has never been to the new canteen. |
| A．The man enjoyed every minute of the show. |
| B．The woman felt amused in the end. |
| C．The man missed part of the show. |
| D．The two speakers disliked the show. |
| A．The man hasn’t finished the bookshelf. |
| B．The bookshelf is hard to make. |
| C．It’s likely that the man has lost the tools. |
| D．The man hates to lend tools to others. |
9 . Why You Won’t Apologize
In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to.
An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this，we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person.
We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things.
Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable.
| A．However, it’s quite difficult to make a sincere apology. |
| B．The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. |
| C．There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. |
| D．But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. |
| E．Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. |
| F．Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. |
10 . Search engines have changed the way we use the Internet, putting vast sources of information just a few clicks away. But Harvard professor of psychology Line Daniel Wegner’s recent research proves that websites and the Internet are changing much more than technology itself. They are changing the way our memories function. Wegner’s latest study shows that when people have access to search engines, they remember fewer facts and less information because they know they can rely on “search” as a readily available shortcut.
Wegner believes the new findings show that the Internet has become part of a transactive memory source, a method by which our brains divide information. Transactive memory exists in many forms, as when a husband relies on his wife to remember a relative’s birthday. You don’t have to remember everything in the world yourself. You just have to remember who knows it. Now computers and technology are becoming virtual extensions of our memory.
Wegner conducted several experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon, using various forms of memory recall to test reliance on computers. In one experiment, participants demonstrated that they were more likely to think of computer terms like “Yahoo” or “Google” after being asked a set of difficult trivia questions. In another experiment, participants typed some statements into a computer and they were told the statements would be saved in specific folders. Next, they were asked to recall the statements. Finally, they were given cues to the wording and asked to name the folders where the statements were stored. The participants proved better able to recall the folder locations than the statements themselves.
Wegner admits that questions remain about whether dependence on computers will affect memories negatively: “Nobody knows now what the effects of these tools are on logical thinking.” Students who have trouble remembering distinct facts, for example, may struggle to employ those facts in critical thinking. But he believes that the situation overall is beneficial, comparing dependence on computers to dependence on a mechanical hand or other prosthetic device.
And even though we may not be using our memories to recall distinct facts, we are still using them to consider where the facts are located and how to access them. “We still have to remember things,” Wegner explains. “We’re just remembering a different range of things.” He believes his study will lead to further research into understanding computer dependence, and looks forward to tracing the extent of human interdependence with the computer world — pinpointing the “movable dividing line between us and our computers in cyber networks.”
1. Which of the following statements can be the best idea of the passage?| A．Relying on technology has weakened our critical thinking. |
| B．People heavily depend on computer for storing information. |
| C．Human’s capacity for memory is much weaker than it was before. |
| D．Computers and technology are reshaping the functions of our brain. |
| A．show that people who are closely related tend to have shared memories |
| B．demonstrate how people initially developed external sources of memory |
| C．illustrate the concept of a transactive memory source using a familiar situation |
| D．emphasize the effectiveness and accuracy of transactive memory sources |
| A．think of specific information sources | B．type into computer and remember them |
| C．recall them from their deep memories | D．link the unfamiliar facts to their experiences |
| A．The more we rely on computer, the weaker our memory becomes. |
| B．Reliance on computers does not necessarily reduce human memory. |
| C．Computers have helped people to understand the memory system better. |
| D．Researches should be done to reveal the side effect of computer dependence. |
