认真阅读短文，在表格的空中填入恰当的单词，每空仅限一词，注意正确形式。
When a thought has found words
Poetry is the forgotten child of literature. Few people read it for pleasure. In Western high schools, poetry is seldom taught because it is considered to be out of date and have little to do with the life of today’s students.
However, compared with the situation in the West, poetry is still an important part of the curriculum (课程) in China. Recently, the Ministry of Education has increased the number of ancient Chinese poems for students to memorize and recite, from 14 to 72. Why is it important to learn poems?
First of all, poetry is a necessary part of learning traditional Chinese culture. It is a path to understanding your history and your society. It is also the key to understanding the thoughts and feelings that are common to everyone but that we may be unable to express, the joy of Li Bai dancing with the moon, for example. Everyone has feelings of joy, love, loneliness, sadness and even anger, and a good poem can put those feelings into words and bring us self-understanding.
Poems can also express beauty. In a few short lines, even something common can become beautiful. Here is a poem called Fog by Carl Sandberg: The fog comes/on silent haunches (弓腰) /and then moves on. Yes, a fog does move smoothly, silently and like a cat, and Sandberg catches that feeling and image, and makes it beautiful.
Of course, to really enjoy poetry, it has to be read aloud. After all, a poem is really just a song without music. Most ancient poems, like Homer’s Epics (《荷马史诗》) and China’s Book of Songs, were spoken for hundreds of years before they were written.
The American poet Robert Frost said, “Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words.” You are lucky that you now have seventy-two poems to learn!
Title: When a thought has found words | |
| Outline | Detailed information |
In the West, poetry is considered to be | |
In China, poetry remains an important part of the curriculum. | |
| ◇Poems help you ◇Poems help express your personal thoughts and feelings. ◇Poems can express beauty of common things with very few lines. | |
| A | |
Drinking alcohol (酒) is dangerous for kids and teenagers and sometimes for grown-ups, too. Like many drugs, alcohol changes a person’s ability to think and speak. A person might lose his or her balance (平衡) and have trouble walking. When people drink too much, they might hurt themselves or other people. Worse still, drinking too much alcohol can cause alcohol poisoning (中毒), and it can kill a person. Drinking too much alcohol can be bad for their health.
Some grown-ups seem to be able to enjoy it with no problems, but other people can develop problems with it. Sometimes, that’s called alcoholism. People with alcoholism have little control over their drinking and can’t stop without help. Alcoholism continues over time and it often gets worse.
Therefore, as teenagers, you should say no to alcohol, though it can be hard if you feel unpopular because of your decision. True friends won’t stop being your friends just because you don’t want to drink alcohol. If you feel this kind of pressure, talk to someone you believe in. And if you’re worried about a friend who’s drinking, you should tell your mother or your father or one of your teachers. Then someone can talk with your friend before the alcohol causes a big problem.
In short, with help, anyone who has a problem with alcohol can be successful at stopping. And if you’re still a kid, help yourself by not starting in the first place!
| Title | Drinking alcohol | |
| ●Changing one’s ●Causing loss of one’s balance ●Making it ●Making one ●Making one possibly | ||
| Alcoholism | ●People who suffer from it have little control over drinking and are ●Continuing and even getting | |
| Tips | For teenagers | ●Staying away from alcohol ●Believing you won’t lose friends though you |
| For your friends | Let a grown-up | |
| Summary | Anyone can be helped to stop | |
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no.” or “we don’t know.” But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings(人；生物).
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” say Shostak and Barnett. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope (哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes (高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other way, such as radio signals (信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”
1. What are Seth Shostak and Alexandera Barnett? (No more than 5 words)2. Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past? (No more than 10 words)
3. Why haven’t beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak? (No more than 10 words)
4. When could we make contact with other life forms in our universe according to Shostak? (No more than 10 words)
5. Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? (No more than 20 words)
4 . Experts say that the ability of dogs to smell is one million times stronger than that of humans. With so much sniff (闻) power, it’s hardly surprising that they stick their heads out of car windows. They don’t care about the scenery. What they’re after are the smells.
When dogs put their faces into the wind, their upper lips and noses are sniffing, their eyes partly closed, and their ears folded back. It looks as if they’re enjoying themselves very much, but mainly they’re concentrating. It’s as though they’re closing down all the rest of their senses to concentrate on this one. Every dog loves to hang his head out of the window, and all dogs have an excellent sense of smell. This ability is increased when they are moving quickly, which is one reason that they take advantage of open car windows. It also probably makes them excellent hunters.
Smell is so important to dogs that they have two systems for it. One is in the nose, which consists of a huge amount of tissue (组织) with scent receptors (嗅觉感受器). This area takes up about 1/2 square inch in humans, but up to 20 square inches in some dogs. As air moves over the tissue, odor molecules (气味分子) reach the millions of scent receptors. The more air flowing there is, the better dogs smell. So they love to put their faces into the wind.
Dogs have a second system in their mouths, where a tiny pipe leads to Jacobson’s organ (犁鼻器). Its task is to catch different types of smells. Dogs depend on it to find the sources of smells.
Title | Dogs’ Sense of Smell | |
The most | a. All dogs love to hang their heads out of car windows and put their faces into the wind. It seems as if they’re just b. All dogs have an excellent sense of smell, and this ability is | |
The two smelling systems in dogs | The one in their | Their noses have a huge amount of tissue with |
| The one in their mouths | A tiny pipe in the mouth leads to Jacobson’s organ, which dogs | |
注意：每个空格只填一个单词,请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Many animal lovers would like to do more to protect animals, but aren’t sure where to start or feel like they just don’t have the time. The good news is that there are many simple things you can do to help protect animals.
Think twice before you decide
When it comes to eating meat or other animal products, the decisions that you make can go a long way toward stopping the killing of animals. Consider eating a vegetarian(素食的) diet. If you aren’t ready to make this change, there are still things you can do. Do not buy animal products from companies known to use practices that go against the law such as using drugs to increase milk production in cows.
Help get the word out(传出消息)
Getting the word out about the problems of animals can be as easy as putting up a notice on your car. Also, talk to your friends and family members about important issues that are related to animals. Give some simple advice to a friend with a new pet about the serious pet over-population problem we’re facing. Turn to some books on the subject if you are not so clear about the advice you give your friend.
Write a letter
We’ve all heard the saying, “The pen is more powerful than the sword”. Put this idea to the protection of animals. If a company has practices or rules that are harmful to animals, write them a letter to let them know you are angry about them, and that you will refuse to buy their products until they make some changes. Write letters to state and local legislators(立法者) to let them know how important it is that they support legislation that protects animals. Make them know that their actions will have a great effect on your vote.
Be more loving
If you’re considering adding a dog or a cat to your family, think about getting one from a homeless-animal house rather than buying a pet. There are many wonderful animals just waiting for a home. By taking back an animal from there, you will be helping in the fight against pet over-population, as well as giving your money to those who are responsible for taking care of pitiful animals.
Let your actions be an example to others
It may sound simple, but one of the best ways to help animals is to let your actions speak to the world. You should do the following things first by yourself: Treat all living creatures with respect. Care about your pets and look after them well. Avoid (避免)entertainment places where people use animals to perform. Support legislation (立法)that does good to animals. All of these things set an example for others to follow.
Title: Ways of
| Think about your | ●Don’t eat meat or animal products. ● |
| Get the word out | ●Put up an animal-protection ●Talk to your friends and family members about. important animal issues. ●Give your friends some simple ●Get help from books if necessary. |
| Write letters | ●Let those companies that are doing harm to animals know about your ●Let legislators know the |
| Be more loving | ●Get a pet from a homeless-animal house. |
| Act as an example to others | ●Treat all living creatures with respect. ●Take good ●Do not go to places where animals ●Support legislation that is |
In 2015, US actress Brie Larson took home the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in the movie Room. These days, the 29-year-old is standing her ground as a superhero.
Larson plays Carol Danvers, also known as Captain Marvel, in the movie of the same name. As a superhero, she has many superpowers, such as being able to fly as fast as light. The movie has become a huge success.
When Larson was offered the role, she didn't accept it at the beginning. “ I am not a person with much confidence. So, I needed a little bit of time to see if I can do it … ” she said. Larson is no stranger to Hollywood, but it's one thing to win an Oscar and another thing totally to star in a Marvel movie. She had no idea about playing a superhero. There would be lots of promotional (推广) interviews. Facing all of these, she decided to go out of comfort zone (舒适区). “I was gonna push myself to do things that I never thought I could do. I challenged myself.” she said.
Larson trained for nine months. She learned kungfu, practiced weightlifting and so on. But the biggest challenge was that she had to work with a cat—an animal that she was afraid of. “I was sick the whole time, but I insisted to work with it by myself. I was fine.”
Varity magazine spoke highly of her acting. By playing Captain Marvel, Larson discovered her own weaknesses and turned them into confidence. Even just watching her recent interviews, one can tell from her body language that she had found something she didn't have much before.
Title: Becoming a hero
Brie Larson plays the role of Captain Marvel, who can fly at the | |
| She | She wasn't She didn't get used to the promotional interviews. |
| She took on the challenges. | She made a decision not to She accepted a lot of training for 9 months. She kept working with the cat. |
| She achieved great success. | Varity magazine spoke highly of her acting. She became more |
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
If we agree that the function of education is to prepare us for life, then there is very little time to waste. So, while we can, we ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful. Here is what our school should teach.
Politeness is a mark of civilazation. The sooner children learn this, the better. In any case, a lot can be accoplished by a smile and good manners.
Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money, but we don’t make an effort to teach children how to manage it. So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning.
We’re likely no accept something we are told, but that’s not what educated people do. Educated people are reasonable and they look at facts. If our schools teach nothing else, they should at least teach critical(批判性的)thinking.
Children should learn to take care of their health. They should know that if they eat junk food(垃圾食品), they will become fat and unhealthy. They should be very clear about what happens to their bodies when they drink or smoke.
All of us are part of society. We have rights and responsibilities. We ought to understand what they are. We have to know a little bit of history and geography, because we need to hava an environment in which to relate to the people around us.
How will we test students on these? We can’t. But that’s not a reason to avoid teaching what is important. Our schools should spend every moment they have telling this to our children:“This is life, this is what you are going to face, and this is how you deal with it.”
| Title | Very Useful |
| Introduction | Education should be a |
| Advice | Important things should be taught in |
| Teaching | ●How to behave ●The basic skill of ●How to ●How to keep ●The rights and responsibilities one has in |
| Conclusion | Children should be taught what |
Many people think dreams are full of messages that may not be clear to us common people. But if we think about what is going on in our lives, we can usually come up with an answer. Let’s look at some of the most common dreams. What do these dreams mean?
Falling
You’re falling, falling, falling… and then you wake up. This dream is said to mean you are afraid of something or worried about something. There may be something in your life that is out of control and there is nothing you can do to stop it. Another explanation is that you may fail in something. Maybe you’re not doing well in school or work.
Taking an exam(or forgetting that you have one)
You suddenly realize you have to take an exam at that very moment. You might be running here and there to find your classroom. Experts say this dream may mean you’re being tested about something or maybe you are facing a challenge.
Flying
Dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things that matter to you. It may also mean you have confidence in yourself and think no one and nothing can beat you.
Trying to run, but going nowhere
You’re trying to run, but either your legs won’t move or you simply aren’t going anywhere. Some experts think this dream means you’re trying to do too many things at once and can’t catch up or move forward.
In fact, unlike these dreams, there are also many strange dreams that experts may not be able to explain.
Topic: What do dreams mean?
| Descriptions of | Answers to dreams |
| Falling | ●You have something to fear or ●You |
| Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one) | ●You’re being tested about something. ●You are facing something |
| Flying | ●You’re able to control what ●You believe in yourself and think you can |
Trying to run, but going | You’re trying to do too many things at the same |
| Conclusion | We can come up with |
Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United States census. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy（预测寿命）at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25 year old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact .
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people has made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that's something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income - people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.
| Title | The Amount of | |||
Comparisons | The less educated people | The | ||
| In 1990 | They could live for 75 years | They could live to the age of 80 | ||
In 2000 | Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990. | They could live to the age of 81.6 | ||
| In the past | Their life expectancy remained | They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly | ||
| People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the population | ||||
Income | People with more education make more money | |||
| Getting more money helps to increase their | ||||
| Education is the key to better health. | ||||
10 . How to Study Smarter, Not Harder
Here are some of our favorite tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder：
Recite As You Study
Recitingsaying things out loud—should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section.Test yourself.This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening.It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.
Study the Middle
The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.
Take Fuller Notes
Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear.They should be tidy and easy to read.Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.
Sleep on it
Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It’s easier to remember material you've just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.
Combing Memory and Understanding
There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding.Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote (死记硬背) while ideas are best learned by understanding.
The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have：the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it.Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts and then try to understand how they fit in with thing you already know.Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading.If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.
Titles：Tips on
Right things to be done
Details
◆Help you study in an
◆Make you aware of your mistakes and problems
Notes
◆brief and clear
◆tidy and easy to read
Advantages
You can benefit a lot more than
Sleep on it
Studying before going to bed brings about better
◆Considering an idea in as many different
◆
◆Going back to what first cause your
