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阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,文章主要阐述了目前全球都在发展环保节能的电动汽车,但是铅酸电池中的铅是危险的,任何接触都对人体健康,铅中毒给人类健康、财富和福利造成的巨大损害,不仅造成死亡还带来极大的社会负担。

1 . In the rich countries of the West, the electric vehicle revolution is well occurring. Climate-conscious consumers drive Teslas or Polestars for reasons of morality (道德) and fashion. Poorer countries are also experiencing a wave of electrified trend. In Bangladesh, electric three-wheeler taxis, known as tuk-tuks, are rapidly replacing gas-powered ones on the streets. Such electric vehicles are climate friendly, cost effective, and help reduce air pollution.

Yet a glance under the hood (引擎盖) of these vehicles shows a poisonous secret: each tuk-tuk runs on five massive lead-acid batteries (铅酸电池), containing almost 300 pounds of lead (铅) in total. Every year and a half or so, when those batteries need to be replaced and recycled, about 60 pounds of lead leaks into the environment. Battery recycling, often at small-scale unregulated factories, is a highly profitable (高利润的) but deadly business.

Lead is dangerous, and any exposure to it is harmful to human health. Lead that has entered the environment hurts people on an unexpected scale. The numerous ways lead enters air, water, soil, and homes across the developing world and the enormous damage it does to human health, wealth, and welfare cause one of the biggest environmental problems in the world yet receives little attention.

The World Bank estimates that lead kills 5.5 million people per year, making it a bigger global killer than AIDS, malaria, diabetes, and road traffic deaths combined. On top of the shocking deaths, the social burden of lead poisoning is heavy, as is its contribution to global inequality — our research on the cognitive (认知的) effects of lead poisoning suggests that it may explain about one-fifth of the educational achievement gap between rich and poor countries.

But unlike many challenges faced by developing countries, lead poisoning is a problem that can be resolved through financial investment (财政投入). Better monitoring, research, and rules can help protect children all over the world from the unpleasant effects of lead poisoning and reduce the massive global costs it brings.

1. How does the author describe the lead problem in paragraph 2?
A.By listing some numbers.B.By analyzing hidden causes.
C.By making an interesting comparison.D.By explaining its working principle.
2. What can we learn about lead’s harm from the text?
A.Lead enters poor countries in one way.
B.Lead leaking has been avoided in all the countries.
C.Lead will definitely not harm anymore.
D.Lead poisoning may make poor societies poorer.
3. What can be done to solve lead poisoning in developing countries?
A.Fixing these used batteries.B.Reducing the cost of recycling lead.
C.Ignoring the illegal use of lead.D.Putting certain effort and money.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.The Impacts of Lead Poisoning on Man.
B.The Global Lead Poisoning Problem.
C.The Ways to Solve Lead Problem.
D.The Benefits of Using Electric Vehicles.
阅读理解-七选五(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些取得科学成功的建议。

2 . How to Succeed in Science

To succeed in science, you need a lot more than luck. In my view, you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions(常规) when they block your forward path. Thus, these have come to be my rules for success.

    1    

That might sound proud, but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you. It’s like playing any game. Even as a child, I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was. If you win, it gives you no pleasure. And in the game of science or life, the highest goal isn’t simply to win; it’s to win at something really difficult.     2    

Take risks.

To make a huge success, a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble. If you are going to make a huge jump in science, you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition.     3     This can be more than personally upsetting.

Never do anything that bores you.

My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things, and then leaves you alone. I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike.     4    

It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists, because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you. And you have to chat with your competitors, even if you find them objectionable.

So my final rule is:     5    

A.Avoid foolish people.
B.Meet challenges with great courage.
C.If you can’t stand being with your real peers, get out of science.
D.Put it another way, it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top.
E.Make sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.
F.In fact, I find it hard to do well in something I like.
G.Besides, you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了丢弃轮胎一直以来就是一个问题,一些较好的回收方法也不环保,但现在有了一个好的想法,那就是把旧轮胎变为环保材料。

3 . Getting rid of(丢弃) old tyres(轮胎) has long been a problem. Every year many tyres are thrown. Some of the ways might be better than getting rid of them, but they are not especially green.

Energy recovery(回收利用) is one common way. This includes burning tyres to produce electricity, or as a way to provide heat for other industrial processes. But that produces planet-warming pollution. Tyres can be whole or broken in construction projects, such as repairing roads. There are, however, worries about chemicals from the tyres coming out and polluting the ground.

So some companies have begun exploring another pleasing idea. Since tyres are mostly made from hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物), it should be possible in principle to turn old tyres into environmentally friendly materials which can be used to run some cars they came from. One of the most thoughtful companies is based in Oslo, Norway. Later this year the company will start building a huge tyre-reused factory in Sunderland in northeastern England. In a couple of years, when the factory is fully operational, it will be able to turn 8 million old tyres into new products.

The process works by dividing a tyre into its three main parts. One is steel, which is used to support the structure of a tyre and which can be easily reused. The second is powder used to improve the continuous use of the tyre. The third is rubber. Some of that will be natural rubber from the rubber trees. The carbon black can be reused to make new tyres. That is of interest to tyre makers because it helps efforts to become carbon neutral(碳中和).

1. What is the disadvantage of energy recovery of tyres mentioned in the text?
A.It is unpractical.B.It produces pollution.
C.It costs a lot.D.It produces less electricity.
2. How is paragraph 3 organized?
A.By giving an example.B.By making questions.
C.By following time order.D.By comparing differences.
3. Which of the following best describes the huge tyre-reused factory?
A.Costly.B.Useful.C.Dangerous.D.Short-lived.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Tyres can be divided into three parts
B.A company built a tyre-reused factory
C.Energy recovery can deal with old tyres
D.Old tyres can become environmentally friendly materials
阅读理解-阅读单选(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士开发人员Renato Casuut开发了一个“仿生阅读”系统,它可以通过人工注视点引导眼睛,使在线阅读更容易、速度更快,还有助于帮助人们理解阅读内容。

4 . Today, many people spend a lot of time reading online. Whether reading news or e-books, people are spending more time eyeballing (盯住) screens. While online reading opens up a great deal of knowledge to people, there are some disadvantages too, such as eyestrain, headaches, as well as difficulty in focusing on the text. Now a new reading system, Bionic Reading, developed by Swiss typographic designer Renato Casutt, can help people overcome these issues, and most importantly, it aims to help people read faster online and develop a more in-depth understanding of written content.

The reading system improve the reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation points. To make it short: some parts of the words are displayed in bold (粗体). As a result, the reader only focuses on the highlighted letters and lets the brain center complete the rest. Your brain can “read” faster than your eyes, so by essentially reducing the number of letters your eye needs to look at, you can read faster while still preserving the full context.

Cassult discovered the system by accident. He was working on designing a book in a foreign language and realized he could read it if he sectioned it off. He worked for six years to develop Bionic Reading and is still working to adjust it.

A preliminary (初步的) study was conducted by the Swiss Institute InnoSuisee, but more research is needed before it can be definitively shown that the system improves reading. Some people with ADHD (多动症) prove that Bionic Reading helped them focus and comprehend what they are reading. Other people don’t seem to notice a big difference compared to regular text. There’s also no evidence to suggest Bionic Reading is any better than regular text. The best way to know if the Bionic Reader helps you read better online is to try it yourself.

1. What is the main purpose of Bionic Reading?
A.To point out people’s reading problems.
B.To teach people necessary reading skills.
C.To reduce readers’ screen time and eye stress.
D.To improve people’s reading speed and comprehension.
2. What does the underlined phrase “artificial fixation points” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Words displayed in capital letters.B.Useful expressions.
C.Difficult sentences in the text.D.Bold letters.
3. What do some people with ADHD think of the system according to the text?
A.It is complex.B.It can be beneficial.
C.It needs to be improved.D.It has little effect on them.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.A reading project for ADHD.B.A research on language learning.
C.A system to help with online reading.D.A tool for treating reading disability
阅读理解-七选五(约210词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出一些建议以帮助我们尽快适应新环境,并过上更快乐的生活。

5 . When you step into a new environment, you must have a strong wish to fit in. Fitting in means making more friends, having more influence on others and getting more chances to live a happier life.     1    

Be confident. Confidence attracts most people. Everyone is special and there is only one person like you in this world. Spend some time thinking about your strong points.     2     You won’t have much difficulty fitting in.

Be kind to everyone. Kindness is the bridge to your own happiness. When people notice your kindness, they will return it one day. Always give more than you receive, and think more of others than of yourself.     3    

    4    Various activities like playing football can help you to be known to others. You may add more friends to your circle. At the same time, you’ll be amazed to see how much they like you. Instead of wasting time being alone, go out to dance and sing together with others to develop friendship.

Do smile to everyone every day. It makes both you and others feel happy.    5     Humor catches others’ attention as well. People will like you for making them live happily.

If you follow what is mentioned above, you will be accepted by people around you. As a result, you will fit in very well and enjoy your new life.

A.Be active in group activities.
B.A pleasant smile costs the least and does the most.
C.Here is some advice that can help you.
D.If so, you will be able to build up confidence step by step.
E.A person who cares for others is popular everywhere.
F.However, everybody needs friends.
G.Even so, it often leaves one to wonder if we fit in well.
2024-01-02更新 | 168次组卷 | 27卷引用:新疆伊犁伊犁州2022-2023学年高二下学期5月期中英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了社交媒体与青少年心理健康之间的关系并提出一些建议防止社交媒体危害青少年心理健康。

6 . Due to social events in recent years, the relationship between social media and teenagers mental health has been under heated discussion.

On Sept 30 a British court decided that content on social media platforms contributed to the depression of 14-year-old Molly Russell. Russell interacted with 2,100 posts related lo pessimistic, self-harm in the six months, leading up to her depression, reported the Observer website.

The correlation has also been proved by science. A study in 2019 showed that the frequent use of social media by teenagers can lead to a decrease in their mental health.

So, how can we make sure that teenagers won’t get hurt while using social media? Chan, 18, from the University of Macao shared her experience. Chan said that she once came across short videos romanticizing mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. She immediately reported them to the platform.

But she said that the users’ power to regulate videos is still limited. “It is ultimately the responsibility of the social media platforms to filter out content that is potentially harmful.” She also noticed that the age of social media users has become increasingly younger. Society should pay attention to this, she said. “Since it’s not possible to cut off access to social media for younger users, why not introduce a ‘supervision mode’ with which parents can regulate the content to be viewed by teenagers beforehand?” she said.

Wu Chengyu, 18, studies at Tianjin Experimental High School. He said that several years ago he came across a game that lures teenagers to self-abuse and depression. He quickly chose to ignore it so he wouldn’t be influenced. This is the same way he reacts when exposed to negative content on social media.

In Wu’s opinion, teenagers today should improve their social media literacy (素养), telling real from fake and good from bad. “Also, everyone can be a content creator on social media.” he said, “We should all strengthen our awareness of ethics”.

1. What led to Russell’s depression according to a British court?
A.Her interaction with others online.
B.Negative information on social media platforms.
C.Short videos she watched on the Internet.
D.Her addiction to online posts.
2. Which of the following statements does Chan probably agree with?
A.The number of younger Social media users should be limited.
B.Parents should monitor the content to be viewed by teenagers in advance.
C.A supervision mode ought to be introduced by parents.
D.It is the responsibility of the society to romanticize mental illnesses.
3. Who should be ultimately responsible for removing negative content according to Chan?
A.Parents.B.Social media platforms
C.Content creators.D.Social media platforms.
4. What does Wu suggest teenagers should do?
A.Use social media wisely.B.Reduce social media usage.
C.Stay away from online games.D.Learn more about social media.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约320词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个书评网站。

7 . Top Book Review Sites

Nobody likes to spend money on a new book only to face the feeling of disappointment. The solution is to check out a few book review sites before you hit the shops. Which book review sites are worth considering? Here are the best ones.

Goodreads

The site can give you inspiration for which novel or biography to read. You can do a book search by plot or subject, or join book discussions and reading groups with thousands of members. You can add your own rankings to books you’ve read and leave reviews for other people to check out. Sometimes, there are even events like question-and-answer sessions with authors.

Bookish

Bookish helps you prepare for your next meeting with discussion guides, book quizzes and book games. There’re even food and drink suggestions. Moreover, the site also offers lots of editorial content in the form of author interviews, opinion essays, book reviews and recommendations and reading challenges. Do look at the Must-Reads section of the site regularly to get the latest book reviews.

StoryGraph

Here the book rating is determined by the site’s large community of readers. Each book review provides information on the moods and pacing of the story. It also shows whether the story is plot- or character-driven, what readers feel about the extent of character development and how lovable the characters generally are.

London Review of Books

The site covers culture, literature, philosophy and other subjects. Part of its content includes amazingly detailed book reviews. If you feel that most modern book reviews are too brief for your liking, the site should suit you best. You’ll have a deep understanding of the themes of the story, as well as a detailed picture of the events taking place in the book.

1. On which site can you have the chance to communicate with authors in person?
A.Bookish.B.StoryGraph.
C.Goodreads.D.London Review of Books.
2. What can you do on the site Bookish?
A.Post your opinions about games.B.Recommend a discussion guide.
C.Buy something cheap to consume.D.Read the latest book reviews.
3. What do we know about London Review of Books?
A.It centers on modern books.B.It covers a range of subjects.
C.It owns the most readers.D.It tends to offer brief reviews.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了记忆力和身体健康的关系,以及如何通过改善生活习惯来提高记忆力和保持身体健康。

8 . The last time my husband and I went out for a dinner in a restaurant, the server came and recited (背诵) a long list of specials and detailed descriptions of how the food was made. As she spoke. I became almost more interested in how she could remember all those descriptions than thinking about the food, Meanwhile. I couldn’t remember where I’d put my keys before we left for the restaurant.

Objectively (客观地) speaking, not remembering where you put your keys is generally not a sign of dementia (痴呆). And on the other side, being able to remember a long list of restaurant specials isn’t necessarily a sign of surprising mental ability, either.

While most of us are afraid about developing dementia. fewer than 10% of adults age 65and older will end up with dementia such as Alzheimer’s. “For them, developing a condition like Alzheimer’s is a part of normal aging,” says Joel Salinas MD, an expert at NYU Langone Health. And, he adds. “There are areas that actually improve with age, like vocabulary and wisdom.”

“Memory is all these different brain networks working in concert with each other,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics and family history play some role in the risk of memory problems. so do plenty of other reasons, For example, some medicine and alcohol can cause memory problems, especially for older people.

The brain might be the place that memory is stored, but it doesn’t exist in the air. The health and efficiency of the brain depend a lot on the general health of the body. In short, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Many of the lifestyle factors that can improve memory are the same that have a positive effect on general health, such as, exercising properly. having a balanced diet, and sleeping well.

1. Why does the author mention her experience in paragraph 1?
A.To show her interest in the specials.
B.To introduce the topic of the text.
C.To invite more customers to the restaurant.
D.To express her regret about losing her keys.
2. What is Salinas’ attitude towards aging?
A.Objective.B.Worried.C.Supportive.D.Doubtful.
3. What can improve our memory according to the text?
A.Reciting detailsB.Working with others.
C.Exercising properly.D.Sleeping a lot.
4. This text may probably be seen in ________.
A.a research planB.a health magazine
C.a business magazineD.a book review
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rajesh被公司裁员后的经历和心情变化,以及他如何重新调整心态和寻找新的工作机会。

9 . As 35-ycar-old Rajesh walked out of the HR head’s office, he couldn’t help crying and his mind went empty. Suddenly, a regular day at work had turned into his last day in the office. Having cleared his desk of his things and small objects he had used to beautify his workspace. he pulled himself with difficulty to the nearby café and called his wife. Nina.

People like Rajesh are being “let go” for a variety of reasons: poor performance, personal issues and so on. Most people. even though they are aware of the realities, go through a mix of emotions: shock. refusal. self-blame (自资), anger, often leading to unhappiness.

The most important thing is not to think of yourself as a victim (受害者). First, consider self-care. Then, develop a plan to keep yourself busy. Meanwhile, you can update your resume (简历) on the website and make a list of friends and relatives who could help you find a new job.

At first. Rajesh was obviously very upset and spent a number of days staying in bed. Seeing this, Nina took time off from work and even took him to the adviser, from whom he learn-ed that he had become too satisfied with his job and was refusing the reality around him. He had never thought of considering his own professional development. This insight helped him refocus his energy: from playing the blame game to getting new skills and being ready for a better job.

Rajesh and Nina then decided to move from Mumbai to Bengaluru, where his IT skills were more popular. So a newly focused Rajesh first got himself a job. The silver lining was that the cost of living in Bengaluru was lower and they could even achieve their dream of having an apartment.

1. How did Rajesh feel when leaving the HR head’s office?
A.Excited.B.Satisfied.C.Sad.D.Lonely.
2. What should people do after being fired according to the text?
A.Make a complaint to the boss.B.Drown their sadness in a cup of coffee.
C.Spend some time punishing themselves.D.Prepare for future job opportunities.
3. What did Rajesh do after seeing the adviser?
A.He refused to accept the reality around him.B.He focused on improving himself for a job.
C.He felt satisfied with the present situation.D.He improved his relationship with Nina.
4. What do the underlined words “The silver lining” in paragraph 5 mean?
A.The unpleasant situation.B.The bad decision.
C.The only disadvantage.D.The positive side.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 较易(0.85) |
文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了夏威夷的天气特征和相关信息。

10 . Whenever travelers planning to Hawaii are surveyed, their first question is often the same: “How’s the weather in Hawaii?” Most of the time, the answer is pretty easy. After all. Hawaii experiences only two seasons; summer. called “kau”, and winter. called “hooilo”.


Temperatures in Hawaii

During summer, the islands experience an average temperature of around 29°C. This is also the start of the dry season and mostly perfect weather across the board. Even though summer is the islands’ dry season. hurricanes are also more common during this period. Winter runs from November through April in Hawaii. Temperatures aren’t much colder than summer, averaging around 26°C. This is the rainier part of the year across most islands. While winter temperatures don’t drop too significantly, surf is much higher, making swimming risky. Not surprisingly, this season is popular among big-time surfers.


What to pack

Given Hawaii’s consistent temperatures year-round, you’ll primarily want to pack light-weight, breathable clothing. Depending on when you’re visiting. you should prepare water-proof gear (防水装置) as well as activity-specific clothing, like hiking boots or a wetsuit. Regardless of when you’re visiting, pack high-rated sunscreen. for it’s quite common to get sunburned faster than you even realize.


Vog in Hawaii

There are four major islands—Oahu, Maui, Kauai, and the Big Island. Vog (火山雾) is an effect caused by enissions of the Kilauea volcano on the Big Island. Therefore. why not come to the island if you’re interested in it? While vog is merely an inconvenience for most residents. it can affect people with illnesses such as asthma (哮喘). Some visitors to the Big ls-land who suffer from these problems should ask their doctors before their visit.

1. Which season is the most popular for surfers in Hawaii?
A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Autumn.D.Winter.
2. Where can you experience vog in Hawnii?
A.On Maui,B.On Oahu.C.On Kauai.D.On the Big Island.
3. What is the purpose of the text?
A.To introduce some information about Hawaii.
B.To show some amazing activities in Hawaii.
C.To explain the development of Hawaii.
D.To show the beauty of Hawaii.
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