1 . Please don't feel singled out, special, or view yourself as a chosen one. She bites everyone. This is just the nature of the beast. There is absolutely no truth to the persistent myths that mosquitoes fancy females over males; that they prefer blondes and redheads over those with darker hair；or that the darker or rougher your skin, the safer you are from her bite. It is true, however, that she does play favorites and feasts on some more than others.
Blood type O seems to be the choice over types A and B or AB. People with blood type O get bitten twice as often as those with type A, with type B falling somewhere in between.
Those who have higher natural levels of certain chemicals in their skin, particularly lactic acid （乳酸），also seem to be more attractive. From these elements, she can analyze which blood type you are. These are the same chemicals that determine an individual’s level of skin bacteria and unique body smell.
Mosquitoes are also attracted by perfumes, soaps, and other applied fragrances. While this may seem unfair to many of you, she also has a desire for beer drinkers.
Wearing bright colors is also not a wise choice, since she hunts by both sight and smell, the latter depending chiefly on the amount of carbon dioxide sent out by the potential target. So she can smell carbon dioxide from over 200 feet away. When you exercise, for example, you emit more carbon dioxide through both breath and output. You also sweat, releasing those appetizing chemicals, primarily lactic acid, that invites the mosquito's attention.
Lastly, your body temperature rises, which is an easily identifiable heat signature. On average, pregnant women suffer twice as many bites, as they have a slightly raised body temperature.
Please don't go on a shower, exercise or give up your beloved beer and bright T-shirts just yet. Unfortunately, 85% of what makes you attractive to mosquitoes is fixed in advance in your genetic circuit board （电路板）.At the end of the day, she will find blood from any exposed target of opportunity.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To explain the reasons for mosquito bites. |
| B．To introduce a new discovery to the readers. |
| C．To prove that everyone suffers mosquito bites. |
| D．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic. |
| A．Blood type. | B．Chemicals of bacteria. |
| C．Color of clothes. | D．Body temperature. |
| A．All the mosquito bites are caused by your genetic circuit board. |
| B．Your blood will be targeted by mosquitoes at every opportunity. |
| C．Mosquito bites can be avoided if you give up some relevant habits. |
| D．Your genes determine your attractiveness to mosquitoes to a great extent. |
| A．Keep off Mosquitoes | B．Mosquito Bites Let Nobody off |
| C．Why are You a Mosquito Feeder | D．Mosquitoes, a Threat to Our Health |
2 . Many people think of guys as being carefree when it comes to their appearance. But in fact, a lot of guys spend plenty of time in front of the mirror. They care just as much as girls do about their body image.
Body image is a person's opinions and feelings about his or her own body and physical appearance.
Recognize your strengths.
Different body types are good for different things. What does your body do well? Maybe your speed, strength, or coordination makes you better than others at a certain sport. That may be basketball, table tennis, mountain biking, dancing, or even running. Or perhaps you have non－sports skills, like drawing, painting, singing, playing a musical instrument, writing, or acting.
Exercise regularly.
Exercise can help you look well and feel good about yourself. Good physiques(体形) don't just happen.
Respect your body.
Practising good habits－regular showering; taking care of your teeth, hair, and skin; wearing clean clothes, and so on－can help you build a positive body image.
Your body is just one part of who you are. Your talent for comedy, a quick wit(智慧), and all the other things make you unique. So try not to let small imperfections take over.
| A．Be yourself. |
| B．Just explore talents that you feel good about. |
| C．So, what can you do to develop a positive body image? |
| D．Use this as an opportunity to discover what you're good at. |
| E．The good news is that self－image and body image can be changed. |
| F．They take hard work, regular workouts, and a healthy diet. |
| G．Having a positive body image means feeling satisfied with the way you look. |
3 . During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has witnessed a dramatic rise in “visitors” recently. So many are the hermit crabs（寄居蟹）flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply.
The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony.
Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells maybe man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs had begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.
The shell drive was part of a government initiative to “regain the balance of nature”. “I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says Varawut Silpa-archa, the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by COVID-19. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.
The government has decided to try to copy the short break forced on it by COVID-19 in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming.
1. What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently?| A．They saw a constant stream of tourists. | B．They were packed with hermit crabs. |
| C．They became completely empty. | D．They got flooded by seawater. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Indifferent. |
| C．Critical. | D．Not mentioned. |
| A．To warn turtles are dying out. |
| B．To stress ecological diversity of Thailand. |
| C．To illustrate the birth of Varawut’s inspiration. |
| D．To prove beaches are their ideal habitats. |
| A．Authorities Help to Find Shelters for Homeless Hermit Crabs |
| B．Developing Economy or Protecting Animals? |
| C．Governments Are Responsible for the Balance of Nature |
| D．Closing National Parks or Drawing More Visitors? |
4 . Everyone may face difficult circumstances.
Be Flexible.
When you are pursuing your goals, you may suddenly hit a roadblock and all movement comes to a standstill. When you hit a roadblock, don’t throw out your entire plan. Take a moment to step back from the situation and figure out how to adapt your plan to handle the roadblock. Be flexible in your approach.
Build Support.
Long before you encounter any obstacles, it is important that you are always building your network of support.
During times of adversity, it’s important that you don’t focus on negative emotions. Rather than dwelling on events and mistakes that you may have just made, leave them in your past. You can learn lessons from those mistakes and then let them go. Move on by focusing on the future and what your life will be like when you achieve your goals.
It’s the Small Things that Matter.
When hardships occur, and threaten to permanently spoil your plans, it can make you desperate. At these times, it’s especially important to positive emotions to give you the ability to persist and improve performance.
| A．Focus on the Future. |
| B．Learn to ignore mistakes. |
| C．Look for people who believe in you and your vision. |
| D．Remember that small accomplishments add up to greater successes. |
| E．The difficult circumstances manage to force you to give up your goals. |
| F．In these situations, courage is a must if you want to achieve your goals. |
| G．You never know what good things this unexpected roadblock might uncover. |
5 . Give with Love
Choosing a charity to support isn't as easy as picking one out of a hat.
What cause do you want to support?
Typically, the first thing that people think about when choosing a charity to support is the cause. There are children’s charities, animal charities and charities that raise money and awareness for a wide range of illnesses, disabilities and issues.
Do you want to support a large or small charity?
There are big name charities such as the Red Cross, SPCA and Barnardos.
Find your reason
Once you have decided that you would like to give some of your time or money to help others, you need to make some decisions. For instance, volunteering.
Think about your existing skills: do you prefer hands-on work, are you good with people, do you have a background in administration or secretarial work? Charities need a wide variety of skills, such as working in shops, organising fundraising events, driving vehicles or. in the case of animal charities, walking dogs or checking out foster homes.
| A．Location is important |
| B．Decide on the kind of work |
| C．There are also many smaller charities |
| D．Some people want to give something back |
| E．Think about which organisation’s cause is dear to your heart |
| F．Larger charities will advertise vacant positions on their website |
| G．Your choice should be personal and your reasons unique to you |
6 . The world’s first urban airport specifically for flying cars and drones(无人机) will be developed under government-backed plans to cut road congestion(拥堵)and pollution. The zero-emission airport, to be called Air One, will be built in Coventry later this year to allow small electric passenger-carrying aircraft to operate in an urban area. It will initially open in November in a month-long demonstration a part of events to mark Coventry’s year as UK City of Culture.
Urban- Air Port, the London-based aerospace company which is behind the facility, said it planned to eventually build more than 200 airports in cities around the world, with rooftops and floating platforms being used to locate them as close to urban centres as possible. Flying cars-effectively large. passenger - carrying drones- are not currently permitted to operate in UK airspace. However, the European Aviation Safety Agency has started a consultation on the issue and hopes that permission will be given in a few years to allow" electric vertical lake -off and landing vehicles"to operate commercially.
The technology is seen as quieter, lighter, cheaper and more environmentally friendly than helicopters, allowing people to take short journeys between city centres rather than relying on the increasingly congested road network.
Ricky Sandhu, founder and executive chairman of Urban - Air Port, said the new facility would give flying cars a place to land, take-off and charge their batteries. "It will bring clean urban air transport of zero emission to the masses, " he added . " Most of our cities are crowded urban centres where space is limited and you may not find sufficient space on the ground so rooftops can be important. " The ultimate aim was to build the airports on rooftops and on offshore platforms.
1. Why will Air One be constructed?| A．To celebrate Coventry’s year. |
| B．To encourage people to buy flying cars. |
| C．To reduce air pollution and traffic jams. |
| D．To promote the development of urban areas. |
| A．They are intended for distant journeys. |
| B．They are mainly produced by Urban-Air Port. |
| C．They are allowed to operate commercially now. |
| D．They are great options for future travellers. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Objective. |
| C．Worried. | D．Unconcerned. |
| A．A research paper. | B．A news report. |
| C．A travel brochure. | D．An online advertisement. |
7 . The suspension monorail（单轨列车）, which winds its way through Wuppertal（a city of Germany）"like a steely dragon " , is the prime tourist attraction. More than 1.5 thousand million people have travelled through Wuppertal on it in the course of its 110-year history.
With its swift train service, it is not only a landmark and historical monument but has been Wuppertal’s essential means of transport since its operation in 1901. 85.000 passengers use it daily to travel through the city without the problems of junctions or traffic jams. With a top speed of 60 kph, the whole airy ride takes almost 35 minutes.
Tickets
The fare for a single trip with the Wuppertal Suspension Railway is as follows for:
Adults: 2.90 €
Children: 1.70 €
24-and 48-HourTicket
You get full flexibility with the 24- and 48- Hour Ticket. Using that you and even additional persons can lake the ride for 24 or 48 hours. Perfect for a daytrip or a visit to the city. Kids under six years go free.
| 24 – Hour Ticket: | 7.20€ |
| Fare for every additional person: | 3.50€ |
| 48 – Hour Ticket: | 13.70€ |
| Fare for every additional person: | 6.60€ |
Attention
In connection with the compulsory wearing of medical masks ordered by the government, the WSW urgently requests its passengers to obey the new regulation. Anyone not wearing an surgical mask. KN95/N95 mask or FFP2 mask will not be allowed to use the monorail. Neither cloth masks nor makeshift masks such an scarves are sufficient to fulfill the mask requirement on the monorail.
1. Why is the suspension railway a major tourist attraction?| A．Because it is shaped like a dragon. |
| B．Because it is the fastest transport in the city. |
| C．Because it is of historical and practical value. |
| D．Because it is an operating train powered by steam. |
| A．€7.5. | B．€10.7. |
| C．€20.3. | D．€22.5. |
| A．Medical masks. | B．Scarves. |
| C．Cloth masks. | D．Makeshift masks. |
8 . Another term is underway.
Turn off social media notifications（通知）. Social media is great for connecting with your friends and the world around you, but it can be a serious distraction（分心）when you're trying to get into the zone: Turn them off. Put your phone into Do Not Disturb pattern.
Figure out when you do your best work. Some people are energized first thing in the morning. Others thrive（活跃）when they're burning the midnight oil. If you don't really know when you're at your best, try keeping a time journal for a couple of weeks.
Skip the to-do lists. Create a schedule, instead. Some people thrive on to-do lists. If that's you, then move along. If not, abandon the lists in favor of time blocking.
| A．How will you make the most of it? |
| B．Do you arrive at the final determination? |
| C．Break complex tasks into more manageable ones. |
| D．Note how you felt and how well you stayed on task. |
| E．Plan work and study sessions then whenever possible. |
| F．Facing down a lengthy to-do list can make people discouraged. |
| G．You'll get that paper written a lot faster without the interruptions. |
9 . Playing video games is an enjoyable pastime for many of us. But have you ever thought of becoming a video game developer and designing your own games?
If so, Electronic Arts’ (EA) “Get in the Game” program might be for you. The program targets high school girls, giving them a chance to work alongside professional female game developers, with a view to encourage more girls to pursue a career in the tech industry.
EA is the largest video game development studio in Central Florida, US. This year, 15lucky students were selected for the program and given the chance to put the finishing touches onto future EA titles.
Edgewater High School student Lyla Lovett,17,raised her hands in celebration after she fixed an in-game glitch(故障) and successfully found a potential solution. Current EA software engineer Alanna Berklund said: “That trial-and-error is something that happens every day in game development.”
She added: “Building games is not simple ... you have to try a lot of things, and most of the time it's a matter of changing something and seeing what happens.”
Years ago, when Berklund was a new graduate, she would ask technology companies whether their business tried to hire women. “They would say, ‘we just hire the best people’.” Berklund concluded. “Technology has always been a boys’ club, and it's about not keeping the present situation.”
The gender(性别)gap in technology goes far beyond the video game industry. According to the National Center for Women in Information Technology, the percentage of female science-based degree students, in the US, dropped from 37 percent to 19 percent between1985 and 2016. This decline in female science students is one of the reasons why non-profit groups such as “Girls Who Code” have appeared in recent years.
As more industries look to fill technology jobs, it’s important that women are equally represented.
Lyla said spending a week with female engineers convinced her to pursue a career in the industry.
“It’s fearful when you see lots of men in the field. But seeing female developers working successfully in the industry makes me think change is possible,” Lyla explained.
She added that, working with other women in the technology industry was “a big thing in my life. It helped me learn to communicate better, to manage problems, and to express my feelings.”
1. What can we learn about Electronic Arts’ (EA) “Get in the Game” program from the text?| A．Girls can play their favorite video games. |
| B．Girls can design video games with professionals. |
| C．Girls can team up with players around the world. |
| D．Girls can compete with boys while playing video games. |
| A．She was refused by many technology companies. |
| B．She wanted to compete with the men in the technology industry. |
| C．She had to work harder than her male colleagues. |
| D．She was given the chance to work in technology companies. |
| A．Traditional women's work in the tech industry is highly valued in the USA. |
| B．Non-profit groups such as “Girls Who Code” have disappeared in recent years. |
| C．The percentage of female science-based degree students has declined recently. |
| D．Becoming a video game developer and designing your own games are an easy thing. |
| A．The difficulties girls have in the technology industry. |
| B．Ways of attracting more girls to the technology industry. |
| C．The advantages girls have in the technology industry. |
| D．The gender gap girls face in the technology industry. |
10 . Wearing a caveman mask, Dr. John Marzluff walks across the campus at the University of Washington in Seattle. Crows (乌鸦) circle and squawk (尖叫), diving at him and away.
Beneath the mask, he smiles. Days before, he and his students, wearing caveman masks, trapped them and placed colored plastic bands on their legs. Then they released the unhappy birds. When the researchers wandered around campus without the masks, the crows they had caught and banded did not react to them. But when the same humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “enemies”.
At first, only the banded birds reacted aggressively to the people in masks. But in later tests, more and more crows joined in, and even when the banded birds were not around. “Crows think and dream, fight and play, reason and take risks,” he says. “Their antics confuse us.”
This led him to study how crows’ brains work. He and his students wore one type of mask as they captured crows and brought them into the lab, training them to link that face with danger. Then a different kind of mask for more positive activities, such as feeding and caring. Then he worked with scientists at the university who scan animal brains to see which parts of a crow's brain do certain tasks. Surprisingly, the scientists found that when the crow saw the “danger” mask, one part of its brain became active. When the crow saw the “care and feeding” mask, a different part of its brain lit up. The team has shown that crows use the same parts of their brains for recognition that humans do — something that was not known before!
More than 10 years after the first mask experiment, campus crows still scold the “cavemen”. Crows also recognize people who are kind to them. Crows are always watching us... and they remember.
1. Why does Dr. John Marzluff smile?| A．He intends to show his kindness. |
| B．He realizes his trick has worked. |
| C．He is amused by the happy crows. |
| D．He is embarrassed at the crows’ response. |
| A．Ways of behaving. | B．Hunting types. |
| C．Flying models. | D．Chances of survival. |
| A．Sociable, intelligent and observant. |
| B．Noisy, dangerous and annoying. |
| C．Reasonable, cautious and aggressive. |
| D．Strong-headed, proud and popular. |
| A．They share the same wisdom as humans do. |
| B．They never forgive those who once hurt them. |
| C．They only recognize the people who are bad to them. |
| D．They perform tasks with different parts of their brains. |
