1 . With a name like The Daily Orange in America, you will think the Syracuse University student-run newspaper prints a new issue every day. The newspaper began operating at the Syracuse, New York-based school in 1903. But it only prints a new issue three times a week.

Editor in chief Haley Robertson worries about where she will find companies willing to pay for advertising space. She also worries about having to fire friends. And, she searches out former students willing to donate money so the newspaper can send reporters on the road to cover the university’s sports teams. Media executives many years older than Robertson are facing similar problems. The news industry’s financial difficulties have spread to colleges and universities across the US, which brought challenges to these young journalists. Student reporters train for the future in two main ways. They receive a traditional classroom education from professors. They also put what they learn to use in student-run newsrooms.

Chris Evans is president of the College Media Association, or the CMA. He notes that few college newspapers have shut down the way local newspapers in towns and cities across the country have, considering the central role they are playing. But some have had to cut the number of times they publish each week. Some would find a former student for donation or sell enough advertising to cover it.

The University of North Carolina reports that newspaper newsroom jobs across the country dropped from 52,000 in 2008 to 24,000 today. There are other kinds of jobs in the field, of course, but not a very high number of them. Many journalism educators have wondered whether their students can deal with that. Journalism schools should do more than just equip students for possible media jobs, said Marie Hardin, head of Penn State’s Donald Bellisario College of Communications. She said journalism educators need to teach students communication, critical thinking and writing. Such skills are highly sought in many different fields.

1. It can be learnt that The Daily Orange ________.

A．is a national newspaper	B．is seeking sponsorships
C．lacks enough reporters	D．will go fully Internet-based

2. Why do most college newspapers still stick to operating?

A．Because they can get donations from the outside.

B．Because they are popular among towns and cities.

C．Because the CMA provides much support for them.

D．Because journalism students need training chances.

3. What does Marie Hardin suggest to journalism schools?

A．Creating new jobs in the news industry.

B．Improving professional skills of educators.

C．Preparing students for more job options.

D．Encouraging students to turn to other fields.

4. What can be the most suitable title for the text?

A．Journalism Schools Apply New Teaching Methods

B．US College Student Reporters Face Difficult Future

C．How to Run Traditional University Newspapers Well?

D．Is Transformation of College Newspapers Necessary?

2 . Experienced climbers of Mount Qomolangma are wondering if new proposed rules will solve the root causes of various deadly accident on the world’s tallest mountain. The proposals, if approved by the government of Nepal, would add steps to the permitting process for mountaineers as well as limitation to tourism companies to prevent the disaster in last May happening again.

Traditionally, Nepal has given climbing permits to anyone prepared to pay a fee of $11, 000. In 2019, the government approved a record high of 381 permits. With essential Sherpas and guides added, more than 800 people were trying to reach the peak during the short weather window. The overcrowding led to deadly delays in what is known as the “death zone”, the area above 8, 000 meters, and the death of eleven climbers eventually, many of them dying in late May after they were stuck there. It also raised suspicions that guide companies were urging inexperienced or incompetent mountaineers to attempt the climb.

To reduce the potential risks, among the suggested changes is a rule for those who want to climb the Mount to have a qualified doctor prepare a report on their medical history and general health. Another is that climbers provide evidence they have climbed another tall mountain in Nepal. They will also need to be accompanied by a trained Nepalese guide.

American mountaineer Ed Viesturs said the proposed changes will likely limit the amount of climbers able to plan journeys up the Mount, yet will not do enough to stop the “group think” mentality that led to the traffic jam in late May. He said climb leaders at base camp also needed to consider how to fix the problem. “I know several climbers who waited until later and had the mountain almost to themselves,” Viesturs said of the 2019 climbing season. “We really need to answer why so many people are there on the same day? How can you control it?”

1. What is the purpose of the new proposals?

A．To attract more mountaineers.

B．To issue security warnings of the climb.

C．To guide inexperienced climbers.

D．To avoid death on Mount Qomolangma.

2. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 2?

A．The record high.	B．The overcrowding.
C．The “death zone”.	D．The short weather window.

3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．New requirements for the climbers.

B．The procedure for getting a permit.

C．Importance of applying the proposals.

D．Qualifications of the applicants.

4. What’s Ed Viesturs’ attitude to the new proposed rules?

A．Disapproving.	B．Favourable.
C．Doubtful.	D．Curious.

3 . 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

It’s 5 p.m., and you’ve just realized that report you’ve been putting off is due tomorrow. It’s time to buckle down and open your computer. Actually, you should probably make dinner first. You usually like cooking, though it’s hard to enjoy with this work hanging over your head, and oh—it’s actually pretty late! Maybe you should just try again in the morning. This is the cycle of procrastination, and I promise you, we have all been there.

Procrastination is when we avoid a task we said we would do, for no good reason, despite expecting our behavior to bring negative consequences. Obviously, it’s irrational to do something you expect to harm you. But ironically, procrastination is the result of our bodies trying to protect us, specifically by avoiding a task we see as threatening.

We’re most likely to procrastinate tasks that evoke negative feelings, such as dread, incompetence, and insecurity. Because procrastination is motivated by our negative feelings, some individuals are more susceptible (易受影响的) to it than others. People who have difficulty regulating their emotions and those who struggle with low self-esteem are much more likely to procrastinate. However, it’s a common misconception that all procrastinators are lazy. When you’re feeling lazy, you’re more likely to sit around doing nothing than distract yourself with unimportant tasks. In fact, many people procrastinate because they care too much. Procrastinators often report a high fear of failure, putting things off because they’re afraid their work won’t live up to their high standards.

Whatever the reason for procrastination, the results are often the same. Procrastinators are likely to suffer from anxiety and depression, ongoing feelings of shame and physical ailments (轻病) associated with high stress.

So, how can we break the cycle of procrastination?

Traditionally, people thought procrastinators needed to cultivate discipline and practice strict time management. But today, many researchers feel the exact opposite. Being too hard on yourself can layer additional bad emotions onto a task. What we really need to do is to address and reduce these negative emotions.

1. What is procrastination?
_____________________________________________
2. What kinds of people are more likely to procrastinate?
_____________________________________________
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø Procrastinators are affected by negative emotions, are all lazy and are likely to suffer from physical ailments associated with high stress.
_____________________________________________
4. What strategies can you use to break the cycle of procrastination in your daily life? (In about 40 words)
_____________________________________________

4 . Art Builds Understanding

Despite the long history of scholarship on experiences of art, researchers have yet to capture and understand the most meaningful aspects of such experiences, including the thoughts and insights we gain when we visit a museum, the sense of encounter after seeing a meaningful work of art, or the changed thinking after experiences with art. These powerful encounters can be inspiring, uplifting, and contribute to well-being and flourishing.

    1     It contributes to facilitating a better understanding of ourselves, the human condition, and moral and spiritual concepts. The question is how that happens — what are the attributes of meaningful experiences of art?

According to the mirror model of art developed by Pablo P. L. Tinio, aesthetic reception corresponds to artistic creation in a mirror-reversed fashion. Artists aim to express ideas and messages about the human condition or the world at large.     2     This results in the build-up of layers of materials — from initial studies and sketches to the final, refined piece. A viewer’s initial interaction with an artwork starts where the artist has left off. Their interaction first involves the processing surface features, such as color, texture, and the finishing touches applied by the artist during the final stages of the creative process.     3    

In addition, art making and art viewing are connected by creative thinking. Research in a lab at Yale University shows that an educational program that uses art appreciation activities builds creative thinking skills. It showed that the more time visitors spent engaging with art and the more they reflected on it, the greater the correspondence with the artists’ intentions and ideas.     4    

Correspondence in feeling and thinking suggests a transfer — between creator and viewer — of ideas, concepts, and emotions contained in the works of art. Art has the potential to communicate across space and time.     5     What it takes for this to happen is active engagement with art in contexts that facilitate this engagement, especially museums.

A．The viewers gain a new perspective on the story.

B．The theory of aesthetic cognitivism describes the value of art.

C．This helps to create connections and insights that otherwise would not happen.

D．To do so, they explore key ideas and continually expand them as they develop their work.

E．After spending more time with the work, the viewer begins to access the ideas of the artist.

F．For example, in one activity, people are asked to view a work of art from different perspectives.

G．Participants were more original in their thinking when compared to those who did not take part in the program.

5 . Amid rolling farms and green pasture 150 miles northwest of Sao Paulo, Brazil, two tropical forests bloom as one. The first consists of a single species, row after row of non-native eucalyptus (桉树), planted in perfect lines like carrots. The other is haphazard, an assortment of dozens of varieties of native saplings.

There’s no denying it: This forest looks ridiculous. The gangly (修长的) eucalyptuses shoot like witch fingers high above patches of stubby fig (矮壮的无花果树) and evergreen trees. Yet these jumbled 2.5-acre stands of native trees, ringed by fast-growing exotics, are among many promising efforts to resurrect the planet’s forests.

The eucalyptuses, says Pedro Brancalion, the University of Sao Paulo agronomist who designed this experiment, get big so quickly they can be cut after five years and sold to make paper or fence posts. That covers nearly half or more of the cost of planting the slow-growing native trees, which then naturally reseed ground that has been laid bare by the harvest. And this process doesn’t hamper natural regeneration.

You needn’t look far these days to find organizations trying to save the world by growing trees. Too often, tree-planting groups are so focused on getting credit for each seedling planted that they ignore what matters most: What kind of woodland is created? At what cost? And most importantly: How long will it last? Using the numbers of trees planted as a magic “proxy for everything,” Brancalion says, you “spend more money and get lower levels of benefits.” You can literally miss the forest for the trees.

Tree planting seems like a simple, natural way to counter the overwhelming crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. Trees provide wildlife habitats and slurp carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. No wonder trees are hailed as the ideal weapon. Yet for every high-profile planting operation, devastating failures have occurred. In Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Mexico, mass plantings have resulted in millions of dead seedlings or have driven farmers to clear more intact forest elsewhere. Trees that have been planted in the wrong places have reduced water yields for farmers, destroyed highly diverse carbon-sucking grassland soils, and allowed for invasive vegetation to spread. Simply reforesting the planet isn’t going to do much if we don’t also start cutting down on our emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. Tree planting also can’t replace old-growth forests. Saving them is even more important than growing new forests.

So, what should we do?

To Brancalion, the answer is obvious: Restore native forests, mostly in the tropics, where trees grow fast and land is cheap. While that may require planting, it may also call for the clearing out of invasive grasses, the rejuvenation (使有活力) of soils, and crop yield improvements so that farmers will need less land for agriculture and more can be allowed to revert back to forests.

The combining of eucalyptus harvests with native plantings is just one more reminder that successful restoration must provide value to local communities. In many cases, if we let nature do the heavy lifting, Brancalion says, “the forest can regrow quite effectively.”

1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?

A．The non-native eucalyptuses bring profits that can pay for planting native saplings.

B．The non-native eucalyptuses compete with native saplings for water, nutrients, and light.

C．The variety of trees being planted determines whether or not the restoration will succeed.

D．Planting fast-growing exotics together with local trees does harm to the natural environment.

2. The example of mass plantings in Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Mexico is used to _______.

A．emphasize the significance of protecting existing forests

B．explain why tree planting is regarded as the ideal solution

C．illustrate the serious problems planting campaigns can cause

D．indicate the most important point tree-planting groups ignore

3. According to the author, we should do all the following EXCEPT _______.

A．clear more forest to improve crop yields for farmers

B．combine harvests of fast-growing exotics with native plantings

C．restore native forests in the tropics and clear out invasive grasses

D．take into consideration the benefits of reforestation to local communities

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Plant trees—and time will tell.	B．Plant trees—but don’t overdo it.
C．Plant trees—and save the world.	D．Plant trees—but mind the variety.

6 . If someone says you are too old to learn to swim, ignore them. Remind them of then 75-year-old Rosemary Caruana, the grandmother who knows you’re never too old to learn to swim. She thought she was unable to swim at all. More than that, she had a strong dislike for the water. But despite this, she found herself in her swimming costume at her local pool.

Caruana took her grandson swimming and was watching her grandson in the pool. She decided she needed lessons. So after her grandson’s lesson she approached the swimming teacher and asked whether or not she would be able to take some swimming lessons. The teacher told Rosemary that you’re never too old to learn to swim and said she’d be happy to teach her.

“I watched my youngest grandson swimming and thought, this is ridiculous...you’re 75-year-old, he’s swimming, you’re not-and you live on an island. So I asked his teacher if she would teach me and she said yes.”

Over the next 12 months, Caruana attended each session to build up her swimming ability. She had a goal, which was to swim a length of the pool. She did it. She still takes part in her swimming lessons each week, and now looks forward to each session rather than panicking as she had in the early months.

“Now, 12 months later, I absolutely love it. And I can now do four lengths of the main pool which is 25 meters, two on my front and two on my back. I do still need my wonderful instructor Sally beside me, though. I am not quite confident enough to go it alone.”

You are never too old to learn: inspired?

You are never too old to learn to swim, said Rosemary. If you are a grandmother inspired by Rosemary to learn to swim, then use our Poolfinder widget to track down your nearest pool below.

1. Which of the following statements is true?

A．Caruana had a love for water at first.	B．Caruana started to learn to swim at 75.
C．All grandmothers can learn to swim.	D．Caruana is old enough to learn to swim.

2. What can we infer from the text?

A．There were no local pools when Caruana was young.

B．Caruana’s grandson asked her to teach him swimming.

C．Caruana could do 25 meters after attending one session.

D．The swimming center has different pools in various areas.

3. Why does the author write the text?

A．To tell a story.	B．To make an advertisement.
C．To introduce a practical trick.	D．To prove one’s ability.

4. Which is the best title of the text?

A．You are never too old to learn to swim	B．How a grandmother loves swimming
C．Rosemary Caruana, an old grandma	D．What a wonderful swimming instructor!

7 . Lingjiatan Ancient Cultural Site

Position

Lingjiatan site is located in Lingjiatan village, Hanshan County, Anhui Province.

Status

·With a history of about 5,600 years, it is the largest and best preserved Neolithic settlement site found in Chaohu Lake Basin in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.

·The unearthed area is 2,200 square meters, including 1 altar in the late Neolithic age, 66 tombs, 1 relic built with large-area red pottery blocks, 1 house site, and 1,300 precious cultural relics such as delicate jade ritual vessels, stone tools and pottery, of which jade accounted for more than half.

Importance

·The “Stonehenge” unearthed at the site is the only site found so far that there are Stonehenge remains in the Neolithic period in China, and its construction age is about 1,000 years earlier than that of Stonehenge in Britain.

·Unearthed “jade dragon”, the flat round jade dragon connected end to end is called “the first dragon in China”.

·The unearthed stone drill is one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the Neolithic Age in China in the 20th century.

Research value

·Studying urban elements

Lingjiatan site is the first settlement site in China with hierarchical architecture based on terrain. It plays a noticeable role in studying the evolution of Chinese ancient society and the exchange and collision of East, West, North and South cultures.

·Moving the history of Chinese cities forward for more than 1,000 years.

Mysteries to be solved

·Did the Youchao people master the metal smelting technology at that time? Have they produced the most primitive text symbols?

·After the discovery of Lingjiatan site, does Youchao’s birthplace lie in Chaohu Lake Basin?

1. How many precious cultural relics were unearthed according to the text?

A．1,000.

B．1,300.

C．2,200.

D．5,600.

2. Why is Lingjiatan site important?

A．There exists the only Stonehenge in the world.

B．The jade dragon is considered as “the first dragon in China”.

C．The stone drill is the most important archaeological discovery in history.

D．Moving the history of Chinese history forward for more than 1,000 years.

3. Which has proved true about Lingjiatan site?

A．Youchao’s birthplace lies in Chaohu Lake Basin.

B．The Youchao people mastered the metal smelting technology.

C．Lingjiatan site was the first settlement site for the ancient people.

D．The exchange of four-direction cultures ever happened in Lingjiatan site.

8 . How to Get Along with Your Roommate

Unless you plan to live at home while attending college, you’re going to be faced with sharing personal space, bathrooms, TVs, closets and much more. Getting along with your college roommate can be a difficult situation because sharing space with others is not always easy.     1    .

Get to know your roommate.

Before college starts, spend time together to learn about each other’s hometown, friends and family. Knowing a bit of your roommate’s background will help you understand them and hopefully get your living situation stared off on the right foot.     2    , but showing mutual respect will make for better living conditions.

Learn to communicate.

Be clear with your message but don’t forget to listen as well. You will achieve very little if you don’t communicate and actively listen.

    3    ! Approach your roommate in private when they have time to hold a meaningful conversation, and be clear about what is bothering you.

    4    .

While texting or e-mailing your roommate is not a good idea, it will allow you to write down your concerns and edit the message before sending it. For those who get stressed out over conflict, this may be a good solution. If you and your roommate cannot find a compromise to your problems, it may be time to get your counsellors involved. They are trained to deal with such situations and can usually help find reasonable solutions.

Don’t be nervous.     5    , and learn to let the small things go. Consider all of the positives that come with having a roommate. Who knows, in the meantime, you may have just found your best friend for life!

A．You don’t have to be best friends

B．Consider different ways to solve conflict

C．College life is supposed to be most challenging

D．Stay flexible, accept your roommates for who they are

E．Here are some tips that can help the change go more smoothly

F．To expand your circle of friends, consider joining an interest club

G．Talking directly with your roommate is always better than talking behind their back

9 . In battling the timber poachers who enter the thick Sierra Madre forests near his home, Larry Garaes has found a new support: solar panels.

With solar chargers, the radios he and other forest rangers (护林人) rely on no longer run out of power on multi-day operations in the mountains.

“Communication between rangers is a lot better. Now, we can catch the poachers while they are in the act because we can coordinate (使协调) our moves quietly without turning to shout at the next ranger — unlike before,” Garaes said.

Access to clean energy is bringing a range of unexpected benefits around the world. On the longest mountain range in the Philippines, those benefits include better forest protection — and power for tribal people who once lacked it.

More than 2 million households — or about 10 percent of all households — in the Philippines lack electricity, according to a 2017 report by the country’s Department of Energy.About three quarters are in remote rural locations, in a country spread over thousands of islands, according to the Small Power Utilities Group (SPUG), which is trying to get them connected.Because bringing the national grid (网格) power to many of those people is not cost effective, the state National Power Corporation has charged SPUG with setting up and running small power plants in these areas. So far 327 such plants have been established. Government plans to call for 100 percent electrification of the country by 2022.

“Government has to do its work to connect all those areas that are not yet connected to the grid,” said Edmundo Veloso Jr. “But all but one of the new generation plants use diesel fuel, he said — even though transport of fuel can be a big problem in remote areas. Diesel is the fastest and the only technology available at the moment for off-grid areas. Diesel is still the cheapest in terms of capital outlay (开支).”

1. What do Garaes’ words suggest?

A．Fewer poachers come there.

B．They used to move loudly.

C．Their conditions improved.

D．They were tired of shouting.

2. What do we know about the Philippines?

A．People are unwilling to use clean energy.

B．Using clean energy benefits people there.

C．Forest protection turns out to be serious.

D．People in the area require more attention.

3. What does the fifth paragraph mainly about?

A．The serious shortage of electricity.

B．The poor conditions in rural areas.

C．The improvement of power supply.

D．The popularity of power plants.

4. What problem is serious in remote areas?

A．Lacking funds.	B．Shipping fuel.
C．Technology.	D．Shortage of attention.

10 . On a sunny afternoon in Dania Beach, a dozen scientist’s unloaded containers full of corals from a dive boat. They gently removed each piece from large tanks on the deck and placed them inside smaller containers, which were slowly taken onshore.

The operation is part of what scientists describe as a “Noah’s Ark(诺亚方舟)” mission to save corals from extinction as a mysterious disease damages mile after mile of the Florida Reef Tract. Since first being spotted in 2014, the disease has killed colonies already weakened by impacts from climate change, including frequent rounds of bleaching(漂泊).

During one trip, researchers spent six days diving in the Lower Keys to collect corals that haven’t yet been touched by a certain disease. Their mission, as the “Ark” reference suggests, is to preserve healthy examples of species that can be raised in labs, then later transplanted back to the barrier reef that parallels much of the Southeast Florida coastline.

“It’s a tough effort, but we need to do everything we can to help corals survive,” said Richard Dodge from Nova South eastern University’s [(NSU)] Halmos College, as he watched university staff and volunteers place the 341 corals in holding tanks on the university dock across from Port Everglades.

NSU is one of seven research facilities that will act as temporary hosts for samples collected for what is formally known as the Coral Rescue Collection Plan, part of an ambitious program led by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NSU researchers will collect data on the species, then send them to other universities and zoos across the country, where they will be used to grow new colonies—seed stock for potential restoration efforts in the future.

1. What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Noah’s Ark mission	B．Corals are endangering
C．Corals are put in containers	D．Fight to preserve the corals

2. Why was a mysterious disease mentioned?

A．To emphasize it was very serious to corals.

B．To show few cared about its existence.

C．To appeal for international cooperation.

D．To state it was involved with climate change.

3. Why did researchers spend six days in the Lower Keys?

A．They conducted research on the spot.

B．They found it tough to collect corals.

C．They collected healthy corals.

D．They desired to get close to corals.

4. In which column does the passage appear in a paper?

A．Culture.

B．Economy.

C．Entertainment.

D．Environment.