As a game of     1     (wise), Go is a legacy of traditional Chinese arts, considered one of the most important qualities of ancient Chinese literati (文人学士).

Appearing over 4,000 years ago in ancient China, Go was first introduced into Japan during the Sui and Tang Dynasties and into Europe in the 19th century. To date, it     2     (spread) to more than 40 countries.

The traditional game of Go also boasts a number of legends about its origin. It’s said that Emperor Yao became very disheartened when his son behaved     3     (bad). So Yao made the game of Go     4     (cultivate) him morally and intellectually.

It is     5    exciting and intense game and the situation on the board keeps changing and unpredictable. Players have to turn to all sorts of tactics in order to defeat their opponents.

Wu Qingyuan, a Chinese Go legend,     6     (regard) as the greatest Go player ever, once said, “Although Go is a     7     (compete) game, winning should never be seen as the final goal. It will teach you to think through things     8     to remain calm in the face of defeat”.

Go can take     9     other meanings to its players: a mirror of one’s personality, a mental “workout” and a beautiful art in     10     black and white pieces dance in balance across the board. Therefore, Go has become more and more popular among young people.

A piece of fossil sponge (海绵) that formed during the early Cambrian period was recently discovered in Changde, Hunan Province.

The     1     (discover) fossil sponge can date back to 540 million years ago. It ranges around 4 centimeters in     2     (high) and 3.5 centimeters in width. Paleontologist (古生物学家) Zou Hesi told the Global Times that the size is giant for a sponge from that period of time.

“Sponges become bigger and bigger over time; another fossil piece     3     (date) back to around 300 million years ago was also recently discovered in Ireland, for example. It was about 50 centimeters,” Zou told the Global Times. Found near the Cliffs of Moher, the piece     4     (name) as “Cyathophycus balori”. It is so far the largest known fossil sponge in the world.

    5     4-centimeter Chinese piece was unearthed     6     (unexpected) during a field survey that local researchers were conducting in the Taoyuan District, Changde. Tong Guanghui, a research fellow at the Hunan Museum of Geology,     7     (tell) the media that the team found a piece of rock on their way     8     research destination in the town of Sanyanggang.

“So we stopped, and used a geological hammer     9     (examine) the piece. It was unearthed in such a complete condition,     10     made us all thrilled about the discovery,” said Tong.

A new study suggests Jupiter’s icy moon (卫星) Europa produces much less oxygen than previously thought. The study was based on the data     1     (collect) by NASA’s Juno spacecraft.

The study involved Juno’s instruments measuring levels of oxygen     2     hydrogen molecules (分子) coming from Europa’s atmosphere. The data showed the icy moon produces about 1,000 tons of oxygen every 24 hours. NASA said that would be enough amount     3     (keep) a million humans breathing for a day.

However, the space agency noted those estimates of oxygen were much less than those measured in earlier studies about the moon. Europa is a little     4     (small) than the Earth’s moon. But it is still one of the largest moons in     5     (we) solar system. NASA observations have suggested     6     ocean exists beneath the thick layer of ice on Europa’s surface. Scientists estimate the moon’s ocean may contain a large amount of water,     7     is twice as the Earth’s oceans.

Since Europa was believed to have a large ocean under its surface,     8     (researcher) in the past identified it as a good candidate to hold the right conditions to support some form of life. That data came     9     (main) from telescope observations of oxygen levels existing in the moon’s icy surface. The new lower estimates of oxygen do not support the earlier observations. The team involved in the study said, in the future, more research     10     (need) to confirm the latest findings.

The vast fields of wheat in Northeast China are no ordinary plants — they were created in outer space. They are a variety known as Luyuan502 and are China’s second most     1     (wide) grown type of wheat. The plants were bred from seeds     2     (fly) into orbit 340 km above the Earth’s surface. In the unique low gravity environment, they picked up subtle (微妙的) changes to DNA that gave them new qualities,    3     made them more tolerant to drought and able to better resist certain diseases.

They are an example of a growing number     4     important food crops that are being bred on spacecraft and space stations while orbiting our planet.     5     some of the mutations (突变) leave the plants unable to grow, others can be advantageous. Some plants become     6     (strong) than previous ones. Besides, they are able to resist more extreme growing conditions, but others produce more foods from a single plant or grow faster or require less water.

China     7     (experiment) with space mutagenesis since 1987. Since then it has conducted dozens of missions     8     (carry) crop seeds into orbit. “We benefit from China’s strong space programme,” says one of the     9     (expert) in China’s space mutagenesis project. “We can use recoverable satellites, high-altitude platforms and manned spacecraft to send our seeds to space up to     10     (two) a year and use those space utilities for crop improvement.”