1 . It was the professor rather than his assistants that was entirely ______(blame) for what hadhappened in the lab. (所给词的适当形式填空)

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

As one of the main factors that have made    1     possible for Chinese ancient civilization to develop all the way through into modern times, the Chinese writing system began with symbols     2     (carve) on shells and bones dating from thousands of years. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols    3     (be) a highly developed writing system. Later, there was a time    4     the Chinese people were divided geographically,     5     (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Chinese writing system was fixed from Qin Dynasty, when Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states     6     one unified country.

The Chinese writing system is of great     7     (significant) in at least three ways. Firstly, it can unite the Chinese people and culture. Besides, it has become an important means by which China’s present     8     (connect) with its past. Finally, being an important part of Chinese culture, it attracts     9     increasing number of international students who are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this     10     (amaze) language.

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Robotics is a complex field. But brothers Sanjay and Arvind Seshan found an early passion for it. In 2014, they started a mission to make     1     easier for others to learn robotics by creating a website,     2     they teach people to code.

The story started when they were looking for materials for learning how to program, and they     3     (realize )that there was not really anything good online. Then they came up     4     an idea of creating a brief set of lessons from which kids and adults can     5     (easy)learn to program.

The website started with basic lessons on robotics and coding. But now the lessons can support kids who     6     (involve)with robotics for years and who want to learn something new. The brothers thought that one of the reasons why kids liked it     7     (be)that they were being taught by other kids.

The brothers understand that robotics takes     8     (patient)and lots of time. They recall a project     9     (call)Pix31 Plott3r, a robot that would print people’s pictures. It took them two years to get a fully working model, and they made six or more versions. The Seshan brothers’ advice is     10     never give up if something does not work the first time

5 . 阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Modern inventions have sped up people’s lives amazingly. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in     1    (little) than an hour, aircraft cross the world within a day, and computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed    2    (seem) never ending.

All this saves time,     3    at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling     4    (know) as jet lag: our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long on computers results in     5    (pain) wrists and fingers.

What do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax. In today’s fast-paced life, we find    6     difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone     7    we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting     8    (imagine) take us into another world.

There was a time when some people’s lives     9    (go) on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. We might envy a lifestyle like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to make     10    (tool) from wood and stone.

7 . 阅读下面短文. 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

How do learning habits influence learning results? It’s useful and necessary     1     (discuss) learning habits. There is a famous     2     (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”,     3     shows the importance of habits. Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results including high     4     (score)and abundant knowledge.

Actually, learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes     5     the content of our learning.     6     (obvious), a good habit can help us speed up to reach our destinations.

As we can see, developing a good habit     7     (be) so important that I would like to introduce on kind of god learning habits-keeping a learning diary every day. We can start the habit by writing learning summaries and remember to record something     8     (impress) and meaningful. Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from     9    .

What’s more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, but I think I     10     (overcome)this problem in the future.

I think through my efforts. I can gain good learning results by having good habits.

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Sahara Desert is     1    world’s largest hot desert, located in North Africa.     2    (it) area is about 3. 5 million square miles. This makes it almost as large     3     the United States of America. The Sahara Desert is famous for many large sand dunes (沙丘), some of     4     can reach more than 600 feet high.

The Sahara Desert has been largely dry and with little plant life more than 5, 000 years. Before this time, it was far wetter. This allowed more plants     5     (live) across the desert. There is evidence that many types of river animals have lived in the Sahara Desert.

The climate of the Sahara Desert    6    (change) over the past several thousands of years. The area is    7    (small) than it was during the last ice age. It was the end of the last ice age that brought a high level of rainfall to the Sahara. Modern times have seen a few    8    (develop) for the Sahara. One of these is that mines have been built to get the most from the     9    (nature) resources (资源) within the area.

Do you want to know more about the desert? Keep     10    (search) through the web site www. geography. com !