1 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Hainan gibbons (长臂猿), who live in rainforest trees over 10 meters tall, rarely set foot on the ground.     1     (know) as the world’s rarest primate(灵长类动物), the Hainan gibbons have been listed as     2     (critical) endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Fortunately, conservation efforts have seen positive results in recent years. According to the latest     3       (office) figures, the gibbon population in Hainan     4       (estimate) at 36individuals living in five family groups, from 30 in four groups in 2019. The increase in gibbon population comes as China enhances efforts     5     (construct) the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.

This national park,     6     covers 4,269 km², is home to China’s most concentrated and well-preserved tropical rainforests. Many wildlife that     7       (disappear) previously are returning to their homes thanks to the park. In recent years, Hainan has promoted the construction of the park, strengthened the restoration of tropical rainforests,     8       carried out ecological relocation projects in core protected     9     (area), such as planting more trees to provide food for the Hainan gibbons.

A research center has also been established,     10       experts from home and overseas jointly providing suggestions for their protection. The population of the gibbons is expected to hit between 60 and 70 in 2035, as long as current protection efforts and environmental stability can be sustained.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Seeing these “gardens” is like looking at a universe in a plant pot. The miniature (微型的) branches spread and twist,       1       (demonstrate) the beauty of nature, so as to allow viewers to stop and reflect on the circle of life. The potted landscape of penjing.     2       (be) a representative of top-ranking garden art ever since its existence.

    3     (expected), the Suzhou-style penjing cultivation technique was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2011.     4     penjing, Suzhou gardens wouldn’t be as charming as they are today. Once the construction of a garden is completed, its buildings are set, but planting can grow and change, which makes gardens     5     (live).

The history of penjing     6       (date) back to the Tang Dynasty when the great poet Bai Juyi used some stones     7       (create) miniature landscapes in pots. And the Ming Dynasty marked a boom in the economy of Suzhou, the very period       8     turned the city into a major cultural center. Because of that long history, Suzhou-style penjing is often seen as       9     fundamental school of Chinese planting art.

Penjing works are beautiful, but people think that they were owned by the rich. However, only when they are enjoyed by general     10       (consume) can they benefit from being part of people's wider modern artistic taste.

3 . With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.

Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.     1     But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.

Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets.     2     Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.

Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.     3     In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.

Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.     4     Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.

Have fun.     5     Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.

A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.

B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.

C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.

D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.

E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.

F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.

G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.

4 . “A lot of the time when climate change is discussed in mainstream media, people are asking ‘can humans overcome this?’, or ‘what technology can solve this?’. It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to various changes. We know some animals change their skin colors to escape from natural enemies or due to environment pollution,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and some species try to adapt by shapeshifting (变形). ”

Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4%—10% increase in beak (鸟喙) size since 1871, and this is positively linked with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased beak size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice and leg size increases in masked shrews (鼩鼱).

“The increases in some body parts size we see so far are quite small—less than 10%—so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, some body parts such as ears are predicted to increase.”

Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds firsthand by 3D scanning museum bird specimens from the past 100 years. It will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing their body parts and why. “Shapeshifting does not mean that animals are coping with climate change and that all is ‘fine’,” says Ryding. “It just means they are adapting to survive it—but we’re not sure what the other ecological consequences of these changes are, or indeed that all species are capable of changing and surviving. ”

1. What may cause animals’ shapeshifting according to Ryding?

A．Human hunting.	B．Climate change.
C．Natural enemies.	D．Polluted surroundings.

2. What method does the author mainly use to develop paragraph 2?

A．Giving examples.	B．Cause-effect analysis.
C．Making comparison.	D．Process analysis.

3. What can we know from Ryding’s words in the last paragraph?

A．Animals can well adapt to changes and survive.

B．Influence of animals’ shapeshifting is uncertain.

C．Rdying will research into bird museums in Australia.

D．All adaptations of animals to climate change are beneficial.

4. In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?

A．Technology.

B．Health care.

C．Environment.

D．Education.

5 . More than a decade ago, the UK’s Royal Society offered f1million to the first person in the world to create a chemical-free product. No one has yet claimed the money because it is impossible. Water is a chemical. So is your tea. Yet there is still so much confusion about everyday products, from cleaning sprays to cosmetics. While some are labeled as chemical free, others declare they are non-poisonous, natural and eco-friendly.

To work out whether products contain harmful chemicals, which are harmful or dangerous to us or the planet, we need to look at the bigger picture of how something is produced and where it ends up after we have used it. Our homes are just a snapshot of a complex global supply chain. Your handbag may not be dangerous, but direct exposure to the chromium salts used in commercial leather factories can cause uncomfortable conditions in people involved in its production. And the chlorine bleach that gets washed down the toilet? That is poisonous to animals relying on water.

Labels are so full of jargon, however, that identifying what is good and what isn’t can feel impossible. A starting point is to not be tricked by marketing words. Even the term “sustainable” has no official definition, so for green credentials look for proof of claims in the form of certificates, such as Cradle to Cradle, which ensures the chemicals used are safe for people and the environment, and that they get reused in the production process.

Also be skeptical about labels focusing on what a product doesn’t contain, such as “paraben-free” or “no harmful substances”. Real transparency is about making clear the things that are used to make products, not taking our attention away from them.

Therefore, until long-term effects on people and the planet are investigated, we should choose brands that are fully transparent and call for clearer labeling from the rest.

1. Why does the author mention the UK’s Royal Society?

A．To explain a concept.	B．To lead to a topic.
C．To provide a solution.	D．To make a prediction.

2. What message does the author convey by mentioning “handbag” in Paragraph 2?

A．Production process may be harmful to producers.

B．Daily items at home are dangerous to the planet.

C．Commercial leather factories reflect a complex global supply chain.

D．Health conditions of consumers are supposed to be attached importance to.

3. How can people make right judgments on labels?

A．By relying on marketing words.	B．By identifying product brands.
C．By focusing on product packaging.	D．By checking on authorized certifications.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the labels of products?

A．Favorable.

B．Intolerant.

C．Cautious.

D．Unclear.

6 . IQ is often regarded as a crucial driver of success, particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on what scientists call “cognitive flexibility”.

Cognitive flexibility is a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts, or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. And the good news is that it can be trained. Currently, a group of researchers from Cambridge University are conducting a research, trying to work out how people can best boost their cognitive flexibility.

Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns, which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some people may have changed their routines from time to time, trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and finally became more rigid in their thinking. They stuck to the same routine activities, with little flexibility or change.

Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. Unlike working memory, it is largely independent of IQ. For example, many visual artists may be of average intelligence, but highly creative and have produced masterpieces.

So does cognitive flexibility make people smarter in a way that isn’t always captured on IQ tests? We know that it leads to better rational thinking throughout the lifespan. For example, for children it leads to better reading abilities and better school performance.

It can also help protect against a number of prejudice. People who are cognitively flexible are better at recognizing potential faults in themselves and using strategies to overcome these faults.

Cognitive flexibility is essential for society to flourish. It can help maximize the potential of individuals to create innovative ideas and creative inventions. Ultimately, it is such qualities that we need to solve the big challenges of today.

1. What is the purpose of the research conducted by Cambridge University researchers?

A．To clarify people’s misunderstanding about cognitive flexibility.

B．To figure out the relationship between IQ and cognitive flexibility.

C．To explore effective ways to improve people’s cognitive flexibility.

D．To make out the benefits of increasing people’s cognitive flexibility.

2. What will cognitively flexible people probably do to deal with new challenges?

A．Stick to their original plan.	B．Handle new problems rigidly.
C．Adjust their thoughts and behavior.	D．Apply creative ideas to improve their IQ.

3. What can we learn about cognitive flexibility?

A．It is closely related to people’s IQ.	B．It is an unchangeable inborn quality.
C．It helps people avoid reasonable thinking.	D．It helps people make greater achievements.

4. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about?

A．Applications of cognitive flexibility.	B．Benefits of cognitive flexibility.
C．Experiments on cognitive flexibility.	D．Definitions of cognitive flexibility.

7 . Shadow puppetry, also known as shadow play, is an ancient form of storytelling and entertainment in China. ___①___ Shadow puppets were first made of paper later from the leather of donkeys or oxen. That’s why its Chinese name is piying, which means shadow of leather.

___②___ It became popular in the Tang dynasty and prevalent in the Ming and Qing dynasties.

The following story recorded in The History of the Han Dynasty is believed to be the origin of shadow puppetry.

___③___ More than 2,000 years ago, a beloved concubine of Emperor Wu of Han died of illness. The emperor missed her so much that he lost his desire to reign. One day, a minister happened to see children playing with dolls whose shadows on the floor were vivid. Inspired by this scene, the minister came across an idea. He made a cotton puppet of the concubine and painted it. As night fell, he invited the emperor to watch a puppet show behind a curtain. The emperor was delighted and began to watch it regularly from then on.

___④___ Shadow puppetry wins the heart of an audience by its lingering music, delicate sculpture, natural color and lively performance. Shadow plays from Hua County of Shaanxi Province are the best known. Nicknamed the “Business of the Five” by local people, the drama involves five performers. One is responsible for singing the different roles of a play; one operates the movements of the puppets; one is in charge of percussion instruments such as gongs and bowls; one plays a suona horn, and one plays Banhu fiddle. These five artists keep busy doing their particular work offstage to put on the performance.

In the 13^th century, Chinese shadow puppetry was introduced into West Asia, and by the 18^th century it had spread to other parts of the world. Famed German writer Geothe spoke highly of it, and the great comedian Charlie Chaplin drew inspiration from it for his legendary silent films. In 2011, Chinese shadow puppetry was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

1. According to the passage, shadow puppetry got its Chinese name from ______.

A．historical records	B．puppetry material
C．The History of the Han Dynasty	D．the legends of shadow

2. Where should the sentence “Shadow puppetry was born in the Western Han Dynasty.” be put in the passage?

A．①

B．②

C．③

D．④

3. What is crucial to the success of shadow puppetry?

A．The performer responsible for singing.

B．The familiarity of its lingering music and color.

C．The combination of sounds, colors, design and presentation.

D．Increasing awareness of traditional culture.

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Shadow puppetry was well received in West Asia.

B．Shadow puppetry has spread to all parts of the world.

C．Shadow puppetry was the inspiration for Goethe’s works.

D．Shadow puppetry made a difference to Charlie Chaplin’s silent film.

8 . An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.

Urbanization（都市化）has continued to significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than 1,000 acres of its historic hutongs and traditional courtyard homes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010.

In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.

These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks.

“Relocation is not the first choice, but better than destroying,” said Lan, the Shanghai primary school’s project supervisor. “I’d rather not touch the historical buildings at all.” Building relocations he said however, are “a workable option.” “The central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings. I’m happy to see that progress in recent years.”

Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.

“We have to preserve the historical building no matter what, ” Lan said. “The relocation has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destroying and then rebuilding something in a new location.”

1. How did cities respond to the loss of historical sites?

A．They criticized the developers.	B．They rebuilt the historic hutongs.
C．They ended the significant threat.	D．They proposed the protection project.

2. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to?

A．All original form.

B．A new addition.

C．A cinema.

D．A temple.

3. What does the author intend to do in Para. 6?

A．Provide strong evidence.	B．Introduce different opinions.
C．Summarize previous paragraphs.	D．Add some background information.

4. What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Walking Machine: a New Technology	B．Rebuilding: a New Option for Relics
C．Old Building Torn down for Modern Use	D．Historical Site “Walks” to New Life

9 . Win an Interview with NYT Bestselling Author J. Elle

In addition to your private online Zoom interview, you will also win a print copy of her book, Wings of Ebony, a PDF copy of the book, and the chance to have your interview published in Teen Ink.

How to Enter:

1. Follow Teen Ink on Instagram(teen. ink)

2. Comment two of your potential questions for J. Elle on our contest post, or email them to contests@teenink.com

3. We will be choosing the winner based on these questions so do your best!

About the Book:

Wings of Ebony is part of YA fantasy books about a black teen goddess named Rue who must rise up against racist gods, who poisoned her block with drugs, violence, and crime. It extends a unique perspective on racism, privilege, cultural appropriation, and community.

About J. Elle:

J. Elle is a former teacher to inner-city students, and the founder of "Your Story is Your Power," a creative writing workshop that empowers teen voices. From growing up poor to being a first-generation college student, Elle's perseverance and passion for empowering others dates back to her first career in education, teaching tweens and teens from traditionally underserved areas to fight for their dreams. She drew inspiration for the novel from her own experience growing up poor, which is clearly reflected in her book.

1. What will the winner get?

A．A face-to-face interview with Elle.

B．A book with J. Elle's signature.

C．A PDF copy of Wings of Ebony.

D．A published copy of Teen Ink.

2. The winner will be picked out by participants'____________.

A．entries.

B．comments.

C．emails.

D．questions.

3. What inspired Elle to write the book?

A．Her love for teaching.

B．Her experience in poverty.

C．Her dream of writing.

D．Her education in college.