1 . Careers in science are generally believed to be too complex for students who aren’t talented or clever enough, but Seott Kelly, commander of the International Space Station, would prove it’s ______.

As a kid, he was abstracted and uninterested in science and all other ______ as well. He couldn’t ______ what the teachers were saying, spending most of his time in school daydreaming.Therefore, he earned terrible grades and barely graduated from high school, and he even thought he would never ______ his dreams.

That all ______ when he picked up and read The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe’s classic account of the pioneering Americans who first explored space. ______ at last, he was determined to be an astronaut, which meant doing well in science classes. So that day, he ______ his mind to do well in it.

After so many years of daydreaming, it wouldn’t be ______ . But he started thinking about it like a game. The more he ______ his study skills, the more he gained and the better he got. ______ , it became a(n) ______ with himself to see how good he could get. No one was more surprised than him when a ______ daydreamer started getting straight A’s in science, which is essential to be an astronaut.

So we need to stop ______ the statement that science is just too hard. If you’ re students who have been told “you are not a science people” or “your brain doesn’t think that way”, just ______ the comments! Everyone who wants to can learn this stuff — they just have to be ______ to do the work.

1.

A．unusual

B．abnormal

C．wrong

D．illegal

2.

A．schedules

B．goals

C．subjects

D．students

3.

A．work on

B．set about

C．think about

D．focus on

4.

A．reach

B．acknowledge

C．fulfill

D．observe

5.

A．finished

B．realized

C．happened

D．changed

6.

A．Inspired

B．Disappointed

C．Satisfied

D．Shocked

7.

A．gave up

B．made up

C．formed into

D．got into

8.

A．possible

B．difficult

C．easy

D．wonderful

9.

A．planned

B．practiced

C．arranged

D．exchanged

10.

A．Particularly

B．Surprisingly

C．Fortunately

D．Eventually

11.

A．principle

B．deal

C．competition

D．compromise

12.

A．real

B．former

C．formal

D．last

13.

A．commenting

B．breaking

C．furthering

D．making

14.

A．apply

B．ignore

C．return

D．handle

15.

A．forced

B．expected

C．equal

D．willing

2 . Ordinary soap, ____________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (所给词的适当形式填空)

3 . Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find) it didn’t fit. (所给词的适当形式填空)

4 . Are you sleeping restlessly, forgetting little things, and feeling depressed and lonely? Don’t worry. We’ve all been there. You’re probably just stressed out.

Stress isn’t always a bad thing. It can be handy for a burst of extra energy and focus, like when you’re playing a competitive sport, or have to speak in public.

But when it’s continuous, the kind of situation most of us face daily, it actually begins to change your brain. Chronic (长期的) stress, like being overworked or having arguments at home frequently, can affect brain size, its structure, and how it functions, right down to the level of your genes.

As levels of cortisol (皮质醇) rise, electric signals in your hippocampus (海马体), the part of the brain associated with learning, memories, and stress control, decline. When the hippocampus weakens, so does your ability to control your stress.

That’s not all, though. Cortisol can literally cause your brain to get smaller in size. Too much of it results in the shrinking of the part of your brain that regulates behaviors like concentration, decision-making, judgement, and social interaction.

It also leads to fewer new brain cells being made in the hippocampus. This means chronic stress might make it harder for you to learn and remember things, and also set the stage for more serious mental problems, like depression and eventually Alzheimer’s disease.

It’s not all bad news, though. There are many ways to change what cortisol does to your stressed brain. The most powerful weapons are exercise and getting into deep thoughts, which involves breathing deeply and being aware and focused on your surroundings. Both of these activities decrease your stress and increase the size of the hippocampus, and therefore your memory improves.

So don’t feel defeated by the pressures of daily life. Get control of your stress before it takes control of you.

1. Stress can be a good thing when you       .

A．make decisions	B．deliver a speech
C．think deeply	D．forget little things

2. What may influence your genes’ level according to the text?

A．Having chronic stress.	B．Playing competitive sports.
C．Working overtime last Friday.	D．Having a fight with your brother.

3. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 6?

A．Relevant behavior.	B．Too much cortisol.
C．Social interaction.	D．The smaller brain in size.

4. Which of the following can be a good way to relieve stress?

A．Sleeping a lot.	B．Changing the cortisol.
C．Doing sports regularly.	D．Having social interaction.

5 . He had worked ________ (精力充沛) all day on his new book. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）

6 . The beach may seem like an inviting place to run on a cool summer morning, but is running on the sand good for your body? It can be, but it’s important to be aware of the challenges that some beach runners experience before you get ready.

Running on the beach can be a good thing. It’s certainly different from running on a track or a pavement. For starters, sand can be a challenge because it has an uneven(不平坦的) surface. As you push off, you’re going to lose some of your push as the sand moves. So, you’re not going to be able to push yourself forward as you would on a track or a pavement. But this unevenness has an upside: It gives your body an extra workout, forcing you to exercise muscles that don’t get as much use during runs on firm surfaces. For example, your feet, ankles and lower back might feel sorer and more tired than usual after a beach run just because the surface is constantly moving and changing step to step.

You also might feel sore afterward because beaches tend to slope (倾斜) down to the water. If you’re going for a long run on the beach, you might notice that one side of your body might feel sorer because you’re putting more pressure on it due to the slope.

Some beach runners prefer to run barefoot-- not wearing anything on feet. However, if you’re not used to barefoot running, start slowly and don’t run long distances at first. That’s because running barefoot uses more different muscles than running with shoes does, and it’s important to strengthen these muscles and adapt your feet. If you want to run barefoot and as long as you run carefully enough into it, go for it!

Running on the sand can be a smart choice for you, because running on softer ground surfaces can reduce muscle damage.

1. Why is it difficult to run on the beach for starters? ________

A．The soft surface makes people fall over easily.

B．It’s hard to keep one’s balance on its hard surface.

C．People need to run carefully on its smooth surface.

D．Running on its uneven surface takes much effort.

2. Which of the following best explains “upside” underlined in Paragraph 2? ________

A．Challenge.

B．Advantage.

C．Reason.

D．Character.

3. What’s the author’s attitude to barefoot running? ________

A．Positive.

B．Critical.

C．Doubtful.

D．Uncaring.

4. The passage can probably be found in ________.

A．a primary school textbook	B．a tourist guide
C．a sports magazine	D．a scientific report

7 . China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. Before the invention of paper money and coin, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.     1     This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (以货换货).

    2     In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed trade to develop between different parts of the country.

In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same.     3     The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.     4     By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.

About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.     5    

A．As time went by, trade between countries increased.

B．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.

C．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.

D．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.

E．However, as the economy developed, such exchanges became impractical.

F．During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.

G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.

8 . Workers built shelters for survivors ______ homes had been destroyed in the earthquake.(用适当的词填空)

9 . Competition Judges Needed

Anyone with relevant knowledge or skills is encouraged to sign up to judge Sigma Xi’s Student Research Showcase (SRS), an online science communication competition in which students compete for awards and recognition of outstanding virtual research presentations. The competition is open to high school, undergraduate, and graduate students and most worldwide research disciplines (学科) are represented across the following categories.

• agriculture, soil, and natural resources

• cell biology and biochemistry

• human behavioral and social sciences

• math and computer science

• physics and astronomy

Information for Judges

Professional researchers and science communicators from the above-listed disciplines are needed to evaluate and interact with contestants by posting comments and questions on presentation websites. Each judge assesses up to 10 websites where students submit their presentations containing mainly a research abstract and a slide presentation. Sigma Xi membership is preferred, but not required, to judge. Judging takes place from April 26 to May 10, 2022, allowing flexibility with each judge’s personal schedule as no travel is required.

Click here to download the SRS Judges Manual for more information and judging criteria.

Information for General visitors

General visitors to the presentation websites can also watch the personal videos of the presenters and vote for the People’s Choice Award winner, who will receive a prize money of up to $ 250. Visitors of general science background can also read the abstracts and comment in the discussion forums. Locate the link on the site that most likely appears as comments & reactions.

Visit http://sigmaxishowcase.tumblr.com/ for a sample Student Showcase presentation site.

1. Who is the most likely candidate for the judge of the competition?

A．An undergraduate of cell biology.	B．A graduate student of physics.
C．A specialist in human social sciences.	D．A professor of western literature.

2. What is the judge expected to do?

A．Vote for the People’s Choice Award winner.	B．Evaluate personal videos given by presenters.
C．Interview the contestants at a given time.	D．Assess science presentation websites.

3. Where is this text probably taken from?

A．A magazine.	B．A website.
C．An academic article.	D．An advertisement.

10 . Online English teaching forums can be a very useful learning ______ (资源). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)