1 . Have you ever wondered how mosquitoes are so good at finding you? A new study has just identified a new way they home in on us. It’s visual. Mosquitoes just like the look of our skin.

Claire Rusch and her colleagues have been working to uncover ways to avoid mosquito bites. And this biologist knows plenty about that. After all, to study mosquitoes, “you get bitten a lot,” she notes. “It’s not easy to work with an animal that preys(捕食) on you.”

To test whether a mosquito has color preference, Rusch got help from a software engineer who designed a test box that was 450 mosquito-body-lengths long. Lined with cameras, it recorded the insects’ flight patterns. Two small colored disks were laid on the floor of the box.

The researchers released about 50 starved mosquitoes into the box. Mosquitoes don’t start hunting until they’ve smelt carbon dioxide(CO₂). So, the team sprayed(喷) CO₂ inside the box as part of the experiment. Cameras recorded where’ the mosquitoes flew and how they interacted with the colored disks. Whichever disk the mosquitoes flew around longer would be the color the insects preferred.

They found before CO₂ was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO₂, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. These colors, apparently, were inviting. The mosquitoes seemed to especially like red.

The result was beyond the researchers’ expectations because scientists long thought that mosquitoes relied mostly on body smells and heat to find humans. Now, they know that vision also plays an important role.

There is still much to learn about how mosquitoes see their world. It seems logical that mosquitoes might be attracted to red since that is the color human skin appears to them. Still unknown is why they are also attracted to light blue. And, importantly, how might these new data on color preferences be used to design better mosquito traps?

1. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．identifying various mosquitoes.	B．Teaming up with other colleagues.
C．Avoiding being bitten by mosquitoes.	D．Uncovering ways to catch mosquitoes.

2. Why did the researchers use carbon dioxide in the experiment?

A．To stop mosquitoes flying away.	B．To track mosquitoes more easily.
C．To make mosquitoes hunt actively.	D．To put more pressure on mosquitoes.

3. What was the discovery of the new study?

A．Mosquitoes track people by smelling.	B．Mosquitoes are good at finding their targets.
C．Mosquitoes see the world in a different way.	D．Mosquitoes can use eyes when hunting food.

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The things remaining to be explored.	B．The world in the eyes of mosquitoes.
C．The color preferences of mosquitoes.	D．The practical application of the findings.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xiechi Lake, also known as Yuncheng Salt Lake in China’s Shanxi Province,     1     (become) popular on social media websites in the past few years.

Now, China wants to transform that online     2     (popular) into real-life tourism. “As the Chinese ‘Dead Sea’, floating here is     3     unforgettable experience, and one you can’t find anywhere else,” reads a tourism advertisement     4     (sponsor) by the Yuncheng Salt Lake Tourism Development Company. Yuncheng Salt Lake is a sulfate (硫酸盐) lake. “If the sulfate in your water is greater than the calcium (钙), all the calcium is used up,     5     leaves you with large amounts of sulfate and you have a sulfate lake,” explains geography professor Bernie Owen. Xiechi is also a “closed basin” lake,     6     (mean) it doesn’t flow out to a river or ocean, which explains how its salt content stays so high. It is possible for salt lakes to freeze over, although not as     7     (quick) as other lakes — after all, think about what happens when we spread salt over icy roads. Saltwater freezes at     8    (low) temperatures than fresh water.

In an effort     9     (boost) Xiechi Lake’s international profile, China is reportedly taking steps to get it recognized     10     a UNESCO World Heritage site.

3 . The “little voice in your head” can be your worst critic and greatest supporter. It’s been known to help with directions, give advice, and even remind you to put potatoes on the grocery list.

But does everyone have an inner monologue(独白)? For a long time, it was assumed that an inner voice was simply part of being human. But it turns out, that’s not the case—not everyone processes life in words and sentences.

“By inner monologue, we mean that we can have private speech that’s addressed to ourselves and that is carried out without any sound,” said Helene Loevenbruck, a senior neurolinguistics researcher at CNRS.

With true inner speech, you almost “hear” your inner voice, she told Live Science. You’re aware of its tone and intonation (语调). For example, the voice can “sound” angry or worried.

This long-held assumption was first challenged in the late 1990s by Russell Hurlburt, a psychologist at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Hurlburt studied participants’ inner speech by asking them to wear a beeper(传呼机). Whenever the device beeped, they had to write down what they were thinking or experiencing in their mind just before the sound.

Perhaps the participant wrote down, “I need to buy some bread.” He would then ask if that’s what they actually thought. “Or did you think ‘bread’? Or were you hungry?” Loevenbruck explained. After several meetings, participants got better at articulating (流利连贯地表达)their true thoughts, she said. Eventually, this method revealed that some people had inner speech every time the device beeped. But others had less inner speech than usual, and some didn’t have inner speech at all. They experienced images, sensations and emotions, but not a voice or words.

The lack of an inner monologue has been linked to a condition called aphantasia (心盲症)sometimes called “blindness of the mind’s eye.” People who experience aphantasia can’t mentally picture their bedroom or their mother’s face. Many times, those who don’t experience visualizations don’t experience clear inner speech, either, Loevenbruck noted.

1. What was previously assumed about the inner monologue?

A．It rarely existed in humans.	B．It could help solve all kinds of problems.
C．It was something everyone was born with.	D．It was mainly displayed in the form of writing.

2. What does Loevenbruck say about an inner monologue?

A．It lacks tone and intonation.	B．It is delivered in public.
C．It can be heard by others.	D．It can convey emotions.

3. What did Hurlburt do in his study?

A．He used a beeper to note down participants’ inner speech.

B．He required participants to describe their grocery lists.

C．He checked participants’ notes and asked about their true thoughts.

D．He placed something in participants’ heads to record their inner speech.

4. Why do some people never experience an inner monologue?

A．They suffer serious brain damage.	B．They cannot distinguish what they see.
C．They misunderstand their true thoughts.	D．They fail to mentally picture what they see.

4 . Why Does Food Taste Bad On Airplanes?

How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless? According to popularly accepted studies, the reason might be a change in our ability to perceive taste.    1     Let’s get into the actual details before you get offended.

The Cabin Air is 15% Drier Than the Air on the Ground

To maintain the pressure inside the cabin, airlines must closely regulate the air inside, involving changing its composition. The air inside airplane cabins is far more dry than the air we breathe on the ground.    2    In an environment like this, your powers of taste and smell begin to drift away.

The Pressure Inside the Cabin is Lower Than on the Ground

In the pressurized cabin a passenger’s bodily fluids will move upwards and the nasal cavities (鼻 腔) swell. The swelling messes with our taste buds, making the food taste unappealing. You might know how dining in such conditions feel, since we’ve all fought colds in the past.    3    

    4    

Bad food can’t be blamed merely on the in-cabin conditions too. It’s also possible that the food is actually bad. Due to food safety standards, all meals must be cooked on the ground and unbreakable. Such requirements for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.

What can be done?

    5    Apparently, chefs have been trying to adapt recipes in how food tastes at high altitudes. Everyone needs to be patient until better solutions for mass food production are found.

A．The method of food production is different.

B．The mass production of food is to blame.

C．In some cases, it’s even drier than certain deserts.

D．A sick person is far from the best judge of food quality.

E．That makes it our body’s fault, rather than the airlines.

F．But that doesn’t mean meals served on airplanes can’t taste just as good.

G．Basically, we can’t use the same recipes for airline meals that we would use on the ground.

5 . In recent times, with the advent of electric cars, the idea to fuel them with solar energy also gained momentum. Electric cars—even though they run on electricity and don’t use fossil fuels—are still NOT GREEN! People suffer from the misconception that not using fossil fuel means “green” which is kind of absurd, considering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels!

However, what if your car had solar panels that could charge it? Now that would indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we would like to incorporate this energy source into our car, the efficiency of the currently used solar panels is subject to the fulfillment of different criteria.

Firstly, solar panels occupy a large amount of area. An average car has an area of 10-25 sq. ft. on the roof. which can generate between 50-150 W under ideal conditions. This is hardly enough power to illuminate a light bulb! Also, moderate sunny temperature needs to be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency of the solar panels. Cars must work in all weather conditions, so if a solar panel limits the car’s functionality, it becomes practically useless. More importantly, the cost of the panels and development required to power the electronics using the sun’s energy outweighs the benefits that solar panels provide.

Most cars today that have solar roofs, use the solar energy to power only a few basic functions of the car. While there is still time before we will be able to drive cars fully powered by solar energy, there are some alternatives, such as solar power stations, which are being designed to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels for electricity.

Solar-powered vehicles are surely the future, but not the near future. As the cost of solar panels continues to fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin to look much “brighter” for this alternative and sustainable option!

1. Why aren’t electric cars environmentally friendly?

A．They won’t work as well as the common cars.

B．They are not powered by solar energy.

C．They run on electricity produced by burning fuels.

D．They cause more pollution to the world.

2. What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A．Temperatures have little effect on solar panels.

B．Powering the electronics costs little.

C．A car’s roof generates enough power to light a bulb.

D．The performance of current solar panels depends on various factors.

3. What can we infer about solar energy in the car industry?

A．Most cars have solar roofs.

B．Cars can be currently powered from solar power stations.

C．Cars partly powered by solar energy are on the road.

D．Solar cars will soon be available.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．What do solar cars look like?

B．Why don’t we power the car with solar energy?

C．How do solar cars work?

D．Could solar cars replace the electric cars?

6 . The Public Transport Fares in New York

On our website, you can find out how much it costs to ride the subway, bus, Long Island Rail Road, and Metro-North in the New York area.

★ Subways and buses

●Fare for most riders on subways and local, limited, and Select Bus Service buses:$2.85.

●Express buses cost $6.85.

More information about subway and bus fares

●Riding the subway costs $2.85 for most riders. People with disabilities or who are 65 or older are qualified for a reduced fare.

●An unlimited ride MetroCard can save you money. It gives you unlimited rides for a certain length of time.

●MetroCards cost $1. All cards except for the Single Ride card are refillable (可充值的).

●Up to three children under 44 inches tall ride for free when they are with a fare-paying adult.

●You pay the fare at turnstiles (旋转闸门) before you aboard the train. You don’t have to do anything afterwards.

★ Railroads: LIRR (Long Island Rail Road) and Metro-North

●Fares vary based on when and where you are travelling.

●Buying tickets on your phone is the most convenient option.

More information about railroad fares

●Peak (高峰的) fares are charged during business rush hours on any weekday train scheduled to arrive in New York City terminals between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. or depart New York City terminals between 4 p.m. and 8 p.m. On Metro-North trains, peak fares also apply to travel on any weekday train that leaves Grand Central Station between 6 a.m. and 9 a.m.

●Off-peak fares are charged at all other times on weekdays, all day on Saturday and Sunday, and on holidays.

●Use our trip planner to find fare information. Get schedules and directions and see whether a trip is during peak or off-peak hours.

1. How much might a subway trip cost a 68-year-old man with two children under 44 inches tall?

A．$2.35.

B．$2.85.

C．$5.70.

D．$6.85.

2. For what train trip are peak fares charged?

A．A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 10 pm.

B．A weekday train leaving Grand Central Station at 7 am.

C．A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 9 pm.

D．A weekday train departing New York City terminals at 8:30 am.

3. Why should people read the trip planner?

A．To know special offers.	B．To leave your advice.
C．To check fare information.	D．To book a train ticket.

7 . Athletes in the Olympic Villages—in the Beijing, Yanqing and Zhangjiakou zones—have been sharing their moments with the panda in photos and videos, while Bing Dwen Dwen fans have patiently waited to buy products from licensed stores and through official online channels.

The enthusiasm for the mascot (吉祥物) products has led to a shortage of products, with many netizens complaining that it’s too difficult to get a Bing Dwen Dwen doll.

Zhang Zhicheng, a spokesman for the National Intellectual Property Administration, said the difficulty buyers face in getting the mascot products shows the country’s stronger and more comprehensive protection of Olympic symbols. “As the mascot has Olympic symbol protection, it also receives patent (专利), trademark and copyright protection,” Zhang said at a news conference organized by the 2022 Beijing Media Center on Monday.

Comprehensive IPR protection (全方位的知识产权保护) guarantees the rights and interests of IPR owners, and also promotes the spread of Olympic culture, he said. “Comprehensive IPR protection is our way of keeping Olympic rules. It’s also symbolic of our respect for every athlete, and encouragement for technological innovators at this sports event,” he said

Sun Lei, an IPR lawyer at Yuanhe Partners in Beijing, said that difficulty in buying a Bing Dwen Dwen doll reflects enhanced awareness of the importance of protecting Olympic symbols, adding that thanks should go to the country’s early warnings on the issue and other measures.

After Bing Dwen Dwen was unveiled in 2019, the Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympics issued a notice on the protection of the mascot. It warned that no individual or department could use the image or name of the mascot for private reasons. It added that using the image in anything other than the official designs was also banned.

1. According to Zhang Zhicheng, it’s too difficult to get a Bing Dwen Dwen doll because of________.

A．a shortage of workers	B．the enthusiasm for the Olympic Games
C．a lack of online channels	D．China's protection of Olympic symbols

2. What's the main idea of paragraph 4?

A．the aims of Comprehensive IPR protection	B．the ways to protect Olympic mascots
C．the rights and interests of IPR owners	D．the reasons for protecting Olympic symbols

3. According to the last paragraph, people were warned________.

A．to create more official designs	B．to improve the quality of the mascot
C．not to use the image for private reasons	D．not to buy too many mascots

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A biography.

B．A novel.

C．A newspaper.

D．A diary.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A group of doctors has been specially trained in skiing skills in China over the last four years in     1    (prepare) for providing medical treatment during the Beijing Winter Olympics.

In the field, if there's an accident, ski doctors have to be     2     the scene in four minutes with a 10-kilogram medical bag,     3     they have to deal with the injuries and remove injured athletes from the track in just 15 minutes.

The     4     (great) challenge for alpine skiing doctors is not only skiing skillfully on professional mountain courses with a gradient (倾斜度) of around 70 degrees, but     5     (stop) accurately on smooth courses, according to media reports.

When foreign ski doctors first came to China before     6     opening ceremony, they may have had some doubts because there were no professional ski doctors in China before that point. After communication and working together, they have seen that our professional and skiing skills are     7     (actual) very strong, Bai said.

The doctors     8     (equip) with 5G walkie-talkies as well as large medical bags filled with medical essentials. “If the injured remain conscious, we communicate with     9     in English. We had a lot of English lessons during our training,” said Li Qiyi, a 49-year-old surgeon usually     10     (station) at Xiehe Hospital.

9 . My parents’ new dog Mercy would rush out of bed and go-go-go all day long. So when they brought home a Christmas tree, they expected _________. But to their astonishment, Mercy didn’t seem to care. She paid zero attention to the tree _________ growing in the living room. Nor did she _________ the fancy gifts under it.

A few days before Christmas, Polly, my step mom, awoke early as usual. As she _________ the living room, she stopped cold. She saw that every last _________ was gone. Only the tree was still there. To find out the burglar, Polly walked toward the back door. She pushed the _________, bathing the backyard in light. Oh, yes, it was Mercy. She _________ in a nest of torn wrapping papers, _________ boxes, and curling bits of ribbons. Clearly Mercy’s self-control had _________. She’d silently carried one after another out of the doggy door and anything edible (可吃的) was __________including cookies, chocolates, and four pounds of Milk-Bones.

Nature took __________ on Mercy, and she eventually survived her midnight snack. Only one problem __________. With all the gift tags destroyed, how could my parents send back thank-you cards?

Mercy presented the problem, so Mercy provided the __________. A few days later, Polly happened to find Mercy __________ licking a plate where a doughnut had just been. Polly shot a picture of the shamefaced puppy and used it to make the cover of the thank-you card. Inside, the whole story was __________. We all laughed off the ruined presents and admitted that amid all the gift-giving, it’s really a season for MERCY.

1.

A．risk

B．chaos

C．fun

D．change

2.

A．suddenly

B．naturally

C．gradually

D．immediately

3.

A．used to

B．adapt to

C．react to

D．appeal to

4.

A．left

B．found

C．heard

D．approached

5.

A．dust

B．leaf

C．decoration

D．present

6.

A．switch

B．tree

C．pet

D．alarm

7.

A．waited

B．lay

C．appeared

D．moved

8.

A．cleaned-up

B．fixed-up

C．chewed-up

D．used-up

9.

A．failed

B．worked

C．counted

D．improved

10.

A．discovered

B．wasted

C．gone

D．rescued

11.

A．punishment

B．respect

C．comfort

D．pity

12.

A．changed

B．remained

C．ended

D．repeated

13.

A．love

B．answer

C．luck

D．food

14.

A．guiltily

B．hopefully

C．regretfully

D．regularly

15.

A．created

B．offered

C．explained

D．announced

10 . “Music is where everything started,” Samira Horton says.     1     She has been rapping and performing since she was 6 years old. Through music, DJ Annie Red says, “I can express myself and let out my emotion.”

The rising hip-hop star uses music to share a message about bullying. “I was bullied a lot,” she says, “even today, especially because of my voice.” DJ Annie Red has a deep voice.     2     But DJ Annie Red has found a way to rise above their rude remarks. Instead of thinking of her voice as a weakness, she uses it to spread her anti-bullying message far and wide.

    3     She posts her music online, too. She likes to give students a rhythmic and interactive show while teaching them how to overcome bullying. “It makes them feel like they're not alone.”

Annie Red believes that standing up to bullying is more important than ever.     4     “You don't have to show your face at all,” she says. “Someone could easily be affected by that.”

    5     She believes that kids of her generation can make things better by finding their passions, and using those passions to inspire changes, as she has. “Kids' being more confident in themselves and wanting to do something that they really enjoy doing is something that motivates me to keep doing what I do.”

A．But she sees a brighter future ahead.

B．People have told her she sounds like a boy.

C．She encourages kids of all ages to stand up to bullying.

D．DJ Annie Red has performed at schools, festivals and Brooklyn Net games.

E．Her 2017 book, The Bully Stop, is based on her song “No You Won't Bully Me”.

F．The 13-year-old from Brooklyn, New York, is known to the world as DJ Annie Red.

G．That's because people can bully others on social media while hiding behind a username.