1. 主要活动；
2. 你的感受。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In Budapest, a train line called Gyermekavasut runs between stations
In fact, the railway was created to give children the chance to learn teamwork and
Tickets can be bought from a child who usually takes the job so seriously. As the train comes in, a childish voice echoes (回响) in the station following the same jingle (叮当声) that can be heard in every station across Hungary. The train
Only the top students are considered for the railway, and those selected
3 . Since the beginning of my scientific training, I was encouraged to seek multiple mentors (导师) to help me find my way. With many efforts, I became comfortable, confident, and strategic in building my network of mentors.
Cast a wide net.
Sending cold contacts was scary, so I focused on the thrill of emailing people who had some of the coolest jobs I'd ever heard of. If I was inspired by someone's work, I emailed. If
I loved the way they ran their lab, I emailed. If I was interested in learning more about their company, I emailed.
As a grad student, I met someone at a conference who I hoped would be a future mentor—and followed up with a five-paragraph email. Their reply was simple, “I cannot respond to this. Too long.” Over the years, I learned to clearly include the what, the ask, and the when —for example, a 30-minute meeting to talk about X, offering three or four specific times. A clear, concise email encourages a quick, positive response.
Consider the context (情景).
In graduate school, I asked a senior faculty member to serve as my departmental adviser.
Come prepared.
| A．Get to the point. |
| B．Here's what I have learned. |
| C．Prepare for negative responses. |
| D．My one strength was preparation. |
| E．My mentors offered many suggestions to me. |
| F．Though a few people failed to respond, many did. |
| G．The response was a direct without any explanation, and I was left confused. |
4 . Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.
The worm’s hidden skills were discovered by accident. About two years ago, Federica Bertocchini, a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper, was cleaning out bees’ nest that had been filled with worms. She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning. After finishing, she went back to the room where she had left the worms, and found they had escaped from the bag. When she checked, she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery, Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research. They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24-hour period, the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic. The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate, the group of worms could degrade (降解) an average-sized 5.5-gram plastic bag within a month. To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).
While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health. Susan Selke, director of Michigan State University School of Packaging, is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen-free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However, Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills. Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
1. What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?| A．Worms’ chewing may cause the degradation. |
| B．A plastic-eating chemical exists in wax worms. |
| C．Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic. |
| D．It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic. |
| A．Objective | B．Convinced | C．Questioning. | D．Optimistic. |
| A．The structure of plastic-degrading enzymes. |
| B．The use of other worms in disposing plastic. |
| C．Wax worms’ adaptability to the landfill environment. |
| D．The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale. |
| A．Can wax worms save the environment? |
| B．Wax worms have an appetite for plastic. |
| C．Why do wax worms have plastic-eating skills? |
| D．Hungry worms join the fight against plastic pollution |
5 . In our day-to-day lives, we must interact with a wide variety of people. Some of them are easy to get along with, but others can be more challenging. It' s impossible to like everyone.
Don't make promises you can't keep. It can be difficult to say no to people, especially when you want to get along with everyone and may whole-heartedly want to say yes to everything.
Respect differences between people. Accepting the fact that people are different from you, and that doesn't make them wrong, is part of having a positive attitude. The difference may be in terms of behavior, culture, or opinion. These differences are not only okay.
Keep it short.
| A．Develop a positive outlook. |
| B．They make life more interesting. |
| C．Find out before you judge them for yourself. |
| D．But there are ways to say no without being mean. |
| E．Some people are a lot harder to get along with than others. |
| F．Yet sometimes we have to get along with people whether we like them or not |
| G．When you have to interact with difficult people, do your best to keep it fact-based |
6 . Really organized people are not born organized people.
Write things down. A pen and a notebook are needed to record things.
Make schedules and deadlines. By leading a cluttered(杂乱的) lifestyle, you will not have the time or space to make your deadlines or achieve your goals. Organized people don’t waste time.
They recognize that keeping things organized goes hand in hand with staying productive(富有成效 的). They make and keep schedules for the day and week. They make deadlines and set goals.
Don’t put off doing what you should be doing .
| A．Give everything a home |
| B．Keep only what you need |
| C．They have to develop some habits |
| D．And most importantly, they stick to them. |
| E．You can also use a computer or a smart phone |
| F．Organized people find time every week to organize their things |
| G．The longer you wait to do something, the more difficult it will be to get it done |
