Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced
Franklin
However, neither the story
In science, facts should
Dr. Richard Fairhurst,
In December 1938 , Winton went to Prague
When Ryan was still
We all know that honesty is
There are three main reasons
We may find even white lies have
Ben is a basketball fan but he is in
7 . I believe that we get out of this world what we put into it. Usually, the rewards are indirect and sometimes hard to
A couple of days ago my step-son, Josh, was preparing for an event. Children from his primary school were going for their first trial day at the secondary school，so that they could know what they would meet after the summer holidays. A big
I was in the middle of softie stuff when I noticed him
“Josh,” I said in a deep，serious voice. “I
Almost like someone had planned it! It is so
| A．recognize | B．receive | C．offer | D．change |
| A．believe | B．prepare | C．accept | D．give |
| A．appointment | B．decision | C．day | D．excuse |
| A．collecting | B．searching | C．playing | D．selecting |
| A．so | B．for | C．but | D．and |
| A．old | B．pretty | C．colorful | D．tidy |
| A．busy | B．important | C．happy | D．fortunate |
| A．considered | B．hated | C．insisted | D．stopped |
| A．favorite | B．expensive | C．golden | D．new |
| A．mend | B．choose | C．lose | D．exchange |
| A．lend | B．present | C．take | D．point |
| A．sleeping | B．drinking | C．reading | D．working |
| A．still | B．even | C．also | D．ever |
| A．satisfied | B．Excited | C．Moved | D．Surprised |
| A．valuable | B．strange | C．simple | D．true |
8 . In recent studies we have been investigating mirror writing by typical 4- to 6-year-old children. The term is used because the characters — numbers and capital letters — are reversed (反向), yet are correct when looked at in a mirror.
Mirror writing entered the scientific literature in 1878. The explanations for the phenomenon were not only insufficient but also often wrong. One of them is — writing with the left hand. Throughout the 20th century, scientific journals have published mirror writing mostly produced by left-handed children. Even today, left-handedness is often the favorite explanation of teachers when children produce mirror writing.
The explanation we find for the phenomenon of mirror writing of characters works on two successive levels, the first cerebral and the second behavioral. The cerebral level shows that the brain removes orientation (left or right) when storing images, a process called symmetrisation or mirror generalization. This mirror-generalization process leads children aged 5 to know, from memory, the shape of the characters, but not their left/right orientation. Given the features of the process — horizontal mirror in the visual modality (视觉模式) — it is important to note that the initial learning of the form of the characters by the children is mainly visual, and that the children only produce horizontal mirror writing.
At the behavioral level, when children write the characters from memory, they must give them an orientation. In countries whose primary languages are written in Latin characters — written from left to right — children most often point them toward the right. This leads them to reverse mainly the left-oriented characters: J, Z, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9. However, when spatial constraints cause them to write from right to left, the children instead reverse the right-oriented letters.
Since this explanation has nothing to do with the handedness of the children, it can be predicted that right-handed children will reverse characters almost often as left-handed children, and that – left-handed or right-handed – children will primarily reverse left-oriented characters in Western culture. This is because they strictly orient the characters in the direction of writing.
1. What aspect of a character does mirror generalization help children to know?| A．Its form. | B．Its pronunciation. |
| C．Its meaning. | D．Its orientation. |
| A．Paragraph 2. | B．Paragraph 3. |
| C．Paragraph 4. | D．Paragraph 5. |
| A．M. | B．C. | C．8. | D．9. |
| A．Handedness is the main reason for mirror writing. |
| B．Right-handed children won’t write reversed characters. |
| C．Left-handed children reverse right-oriented characters more often. |
| D．Children in the US tend to primarily reverse left-oriented characters. |
The Teacher-Student Relationship
A good teacher-student relationship will make learning enjoyable and interesting for the students.
To set up a good teacher-student relationship, a teacher’s
As for the students, they must always respect their teachers. Students should be eager
Above all, both students and teachers have to focus on what they should do most,
注意：1．词数80，开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现真实的校名和人名。
Dear Alice,
I am so delighted to receive your e-mail.
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Yours,
Li Hua
