1 . A narrow region of the eastern Pacific Ocean has been getting colder for the past 30 years, challenging global trends and confusing many scientists. Over at least three decades, the region has cooled by roughly half a degree, which has been causing scientists to wonder how long that will hold.
The unusual phenomenon, known as the “cold tongue” is affecting a vast area of ocean west of South America. Scientists are not entirely certain what is keeping the “cold tongue” cool. Richard Seager, from the Earth Observatory at Columbia University, said one factor appears to be trade winds in the equatorial (赤道) region, which carry warm water away from the surface, stimulating cooler water to rise. “The trade winds blow from east to west across the tropical Pacific Ocean,” Seager said. “As the waters are driven away from the surface, water flows up from below. And since the waters below the surface are cold, this creates the ‘cold tongue’.”
Yet despite the effect of these winds, the “cold tongue” has puzzled scientists, because advanced climate computer models suggest that the waters should have been warming for decades at a faster rate than the rest of the Pacific due to rising greenhouse gas emissions (排放).
Pedro DiNezio of the University of Colorado Boulder, considers “It’s the most important unanswered question in climate science”. Scientists can’t predict when it will end or start warming since the cause is unknown. According to New Scientist, this has huge worldwide implications, including determining California’s permanent drought and Australia’s wildfires. More profoundly still, “it could even alter the extent of climate change globally”, the site said, “by understanding how sensitive Earth’s atmosphere is to rising greenhouse gas production”.
Despite this, the overall ocean temperatures are rising. Solving the puzzle of the “cold tongue” isn’t about proving climate models wrong. Rather, the “cold tongue” is the last big piece of the puzzle. Fit that in and we can build a more accurate picture of how life will change in a warming world-and how best to prepare for that future.
1. What may be the cause of the “cold tongue”?A.The arrival of ocean currents. |
B.Trade winds in the equatorial regions. |
C.The change in the direction of water flow. |
D.The temperature differences between sea and land. |
A.It has lasted for many years. | B.It forms a minor ocean ecosystem. |
C.It contradicts the global warming trend. | D.It mirrors increasing carbon emissions. |
A.It can help predict droughts in California. |
B.It contributes to adjusting ocean temperatures. |
C.It can help improve the accuracy of climate models. |
D.It offers insights into dealing with future climate events. |
A.To stress the effect of climate change. |
B.To introduce an unusual phenomenon. |
C.To explain reasons for strange natural disasters. |
D.To appeal to people to pay more attention to the ocean. |
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2. I will give you my favorite watch
3. After being shown conclusive evidence, the other side had to
4. Over the past decade, China
5. You will be allowed to choose a room
6. As long as have chosen the right path, it’s advised that you
7. When it comes to painting, the materials that you use can
8. When the invited speaker did not arrive, the chairman
9. The brothers always quarreled; they could seldom
10. Jean
Maisie and her car
Maisie usually goes swimming every morning before she goes to work. She leaves home at 5:30 am and drives to the swimming pool. She swims for an hour, and then hurries home for a shower and breakfast before she leaves for work at 8 am.
One Thursday morning, Maisie drove to the swimming pool as usual. She did not feel happy because she had a quarrel (争吵) on the phone with a co-worker the night before. She was still thinking about it and feeling so depressed that she did not want to go to work.
“Swimming may make me feel better. Come on,” Maisie said to herself. She parked the car opposite the sports center, took her sports bag from the back seat and walked to the building, forgetting to put on the handbrake (手刹).
While Maisie was swimming, a strong wind came and the car started to move. Very, very slowly the car moved out of the car park and across the road. It was early morning so the road was empty. There were no people walking around and no other cars on the road.
A few moments later, there was a sudden announcement on the loud speaker system. “Is the owner of a white Honda, number plate XJY436, in the pool?”
“XJY436! That’s my car,” thought Maisie. She swam to the side of the pool and climbed out. A lifeguard was standing next to the pool. Maisie ran up to him. ”That’s my car, “she said.” Did I leave the lights On? “No,” said the lifeguard, laughing. “Come and see.” Maisie followed the lifeguard out to the entrance of the sports center. “Look!” said the lifeguard when he pointed to the big entrance door. “Oh, no!” shouted Maisie. Her car was in the doorway. It was half inside the building and half outside. No one could go in or out of the sports center.
注意:1续写词数应为 150左右;2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Do you have your car key?” asked the lifeguard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maisie’s entire face instantly turned red.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Oracle bone script (or jiaguwen), the earliest-known Chinese characters
The protection of Chinese character culture
For Chen, the global promotion of oracle bone script culture is far from sufficient, given people from other cultural
8 . One early morning, I was wiping down the shower curtain, as well as its liner. My budget was
Along the way, something on the sidewalk caught my
It took me a few minutes to
Finally, I took the bag to the police station. On my way home, my bad mood
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A.ordinary | B.expensive | C.new | D.special |
A.Ouarreling | B.Complaining | C.Explaining | D.Fighting |
A.cheer up | B.keep up | C.clean up | D.move up |
A.chose | B.began | C.discovered | D.left |
A.meaning | B.reflection | C.attention | D.imagination |
A.touch | B.question | C.discussion | D.examination |
A.markings | B.prices | C.warning | D.comments |
A.evidence | B.opinion | C.impression | D.information |
A.Helpless | B.Sad | C.Worried | D.Ashamed |
A.confirm | B.predict | C.consult | D.decide |
A.suitable | B.valuable | C.normal | D.useful |
A.buy | B.repair | C.keep | D.deliver |
A.demand | B.accept | C.announce | D.waste |
A.disappeared | B.followed | C.migrated | D.reproduced |
9 . Reasons why you should learn how to surf
It gives you an exciting experience.The feeling of riding the waves is one you can never describe until you have experienced it. While surfing, you’ll be in a peaceful state as you wait for the next big wave. It can be difficult to explain why, but the whole experience is indeed calm and exciting at the same time.
Surfing is a physically challenging sport that requires you to use your entire body, making it almost an extreme fitness activity. Every surfing session will certainly make you exercise your whole body. So, expect to have aching muscles after your first surfing session.
There is no denying the fact that healthy and fit people are confident with their bodies.
Learning a new skill with a group leads to a sense of accomplishment, and learning how to surf is no different. Although it’s natural to go surfing alone at times, no surfer has surfed without acquaintances (熟人), friends, or club mates. It’s a given for people who surf to share experiences with others, both locally and globally.
It gives you moments with nature.Like some other sports, surfing allows you to have time with nature.
A.These two qualities come hand in hand |
B.It allows you to grow your social circle |
C.Surfing also gives you a sense of freedom |
D.Don’t worry, though, as this feeling is entirely natural |
E.It has a rich and varied history and contemporary culture |
F.That will translate to how you handle your personal and professional life |
G.When people learn to surf, they become more connected with the natural environment |
10 . A dog’s behavior is far more influenced by environment and upbringing, according to a new study published in the journal Science.
Lead author Kathleen Morrill, a Ph. D. candidate at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and her numerous co-researchers surveyed owners of 18,385 dogs and examined 2,155 dogs’ DNA as part of the citizen science project Darwin’s Ark.
For the project, participants were given a battery of surveys to fill out about their dogs. They then received a DNA kit to collect their dogs’ saliva (唾液) and send it back to the lab for DNA testing. The information was stored in a large database that was freely shared with researchers around the world. In return, curious dog owners were sent a DNA and breed (品种) profile of their dogs.
With the data provided to them by citizen scientists, Morrill and her team presented a number of interesting findings, but the biggest was this: Breeds offer little predictive value for individuals, explaining just 9% of variation in behavior.
The researchers broke down dog behavior into eight categories: comfort level around humans, case of stimulation or excitement, affinity (喜爱) toward toys, biddability (also known as response to human training), how easily the dog is affected by a frightening stimulus, comfort level around other dogs, engagement with the environment, and desire to be close to humans. Of these behavioral characteristics, biddability and toy affinity were most linked with breeds, but the associations were slight.
The study’s findings call into question laws that target specific, supposedly “dangerous”, breeds. More than 900 cities in the U.S. currently have some breed-specific laws.
“We now have demonstrated that breed-specific laws are ineffective at protecting the public or reducing dog attacks,” Elinor Karlsson, a senior author of the study, said. “Any dog has the potential to be dangerous, regardless of its size or breed background. Because of this, dogs should not be declared dangerous based on their appearance. Instead, they should be assessed as individuals based on their behavior.”
1. How did the researchers carry out the project?A.By using survey responses. |
B.By interviewing dog owners face to face. |
C.By analyzing the data offered by the university. |
D.By comparing breed profiles of different dogs. |
A.Engagement with the environment. | B.Response to human training. |
C.Ease of stimulation or excitement. | D.Comfort level around humans. |
A.A dog’s behavior is more individualistic. |
B.Breed-specific laws should be carried out effectively. |
C.Dog attacks have posed a deadly threat to humans. |
D.Categorizing dogs should be based on their appearance. |
A.Don’t ignore your dogs | B.Don’t raise dangerous dogs |
C.Don’t judge a dog by its breed | D.Don’t evaluate a dog by its behavior |