2 . Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their_______have been remarkable, their names and their stories have_______received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to_______the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she_______a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.

Wade told CBS News that while the_______of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had_______in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade_______an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University.

“So when I met her I thought she is a(n)_______person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t_______any information about her. What I________was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”

That’s how Wade got the________—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.

In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to________information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far.

Wade is now making a__________for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to________in making science a more diverse and________place,” she said.

3 . Next time you raise an eyebrow(眉毛) at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.

Scientific consensus(共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes,with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age.After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation(刺激) from other people is important as the“brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true-so people who share a home or workplace with their intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ level nosedive as a result.

Professor Flynn analysed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables“. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equality bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could get six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.

Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ,or allow it to fall, by ten points or more.He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.