1 . 假如你是校学生会主席，为了更好地保护环境，你代表学生会向全校学生发出倡议。请根据以下内容，写一份倡议书：
1. 保护环境是我们的职责。
2. 我们要养成环保的习惯：
(1)尽量步行上学或骑自行车上学 (2)离开房间前关灯和其他电器
(3)不随地扔垃圾 (4)节约用水
3. 发出环保的号召。
参考词汇:电器electrical applicance
Dear friends,

As we can see, the environment around us is getting worse and warse.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you!

The students’ Union

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词正确形式。

Poetry probably had     1     (it) origins in traditional folk music tens of thousands of years ago. In that era, there     2     (be) no TVs or films, and writing had not been invented, so people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs     3     (entertain) themselves. These songs reflected themes     4     the people’s daily lives, such as hunting animals or sowing crops. Since nothing was written down, over the years different     5     (version) of these songs developed, and each area would have its own versions rhythm. In addition to this, people would recite stories of past heroes. As these stories were often     6     (extreme) long, they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more easily. While in     7     beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format, over time they became more     8     (complicate) and more polished. These were no longer the works of amateurs     9     (sit) around a fire, but works of true poets who cared about their art     10     who sometimes made a living from it.

5 . According to new studies, many birds in the Amazon rainforest have become smaller as temperatures have increased. The difference hasn’t been obvious, but it has been significant enough that some scientists have suggested it’s a universal response to climate change.

But new research finds that the body size reductions aren’t happening across the board with some large­brained birds having much less significant changes.

For the study, researchers studied some data on about 70,000 birds that had died when they crashed into buildings in Chicago from 1978 to 2016. They added data on brain volume and lifespan (寿命) for 49 of the 52 species of migratory birds (候鸟) in the original study.

They found that birds with very large brains had reductions in overall body size that were about one­third of the reductions noted in birds with smaller brains. They thought that in birds, the species with big brains are the ones that build tools, manage to survive in tough environments, live longer, invest more time and energy into raising babies, and end up surviving better in the wild.

Researchers aren’t certain exactly how warmer temperatures might lead to decreasing body size in birds, but they are considering two possible explanations, which could even be happening at the same time. First, natural selection might be favoring birds that can dissipate heat better. This is because smaller birds have higher ratios (比例) of surface area to volume, so being small can help birds stay cool. Second, warmer summers might have less food available for birds at the time when they are feeding their babies. In that case, birds might be getting smaller because of decreased food over the years.

The findings don’t suggest that climate change is having zero impact on bigger­brained birds, but researchers believe these findings can inform us of climate change and help set conservation priorities.

1. How does climate change affect birds?

A．Their body size shrinks.	B．Their lifespan shortens.
C．Their body temperature rises.	D．Their brain size expands.

2. How did the scientists do the research?

A．By analyzing the bird data.	B．By observing the birds dying.
C．By studying the bird death rate.	D．By clarifying the bird species.

3. Which word can best replace the underlined word “dissipate” in paragraph 5?

A．use

B．hold

C．absorb

D．lose

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Birds’ Body Sizes Vary	B．Brain Size Matters for Birds
C．Climate changes Sharply	D．Temperature Rises Globally

6 . In 1914, Ernest Shackleton and his team left England in a wooden sailing ship called the Endurance, hoping to become the first to cross Antarctica.

But in 1915, the Endurance became trapped over the Weddell Sea. The ice destroyed the Endurance and later sank it. Shackleton and all of his men abandoned the ship and managed to stay alive. Although they failed to complete the expedition, the tale of their long and difficult return is one of the most famous survival stories of all time.

Much was known about the location of the Endurance. The ship’s captain kept accurate records of the ship’s position. The ship’s photographer even took pictures of it as it went down. But the ship, deep in the icy waters near Antarctica, had never been found.

Now, a search team called “Endurance22” located the ship, which was found 1.87 miles below the ocean’s surface, about four miles south of its last known position. The team reports that the ship is in excellent shape. Even though the ship is made of wood and is over 100 years old, it has survived with little damage. Scientists say that the small worms that normally break down wooden objects underwater don’t live in the cold waters around Antarctica.

The Endurance 22 is led by the Falklands Maritime Heritage Trust. The team ran the project from an ice­breaking ship. To locate the Endurance, the team used two underwater robots called Sabertooths which can travel by themselves deep under the sea. What makes them unique is that they can travel under the ice and go where the ship can not. Once the ship was located, the Sabertooths used high­quality cameras and scanners to record the Endurance in detail.

The Endurance 22 plans to create a digital 3D model of the wreck site, using the careful scans they made. This will allow scientists to study the ship in detail without disturbing it.

1. What can we know about Shackleton?

A．He built the Endurance by himself.	B．He was also a famous photographer.
C．He had a tough journey back home.	D．He crossed Antarctica by the Endurance.

2. What helped preserve “the Endurance” well?

A．Fine weather.	B．Cold water.
C．Wood material.	D．Unique structure.

3. What is special about the Sabertooths?

A．They can repair the ship.	B．They can travel under the ice.
C．They can break ice on the sea.	D．They can take pictures in detail.

4. How will the scientists deal with the discovered Endurance?

A．They will let it remain untouched.

B．They will rebuild it using 3D technology.

C．They will use scanners to record its details.

D．They will do research on creating a model.

7 . My nephew Sam was the only child of the family. His parents proudly showed him off; his aunts and uncles tried to be the first to hold him. But later things changed.

Due to the need of my job, my family lived with Sam’s family for a short time. By this time, my daughter Sophie was almost 3, and was a remarkably intelligent little girl. She could sing children’s songs and recite little poems. Sophie’s aunts and uncles were fascinated by her sweetness. Sam, who was seven, had to tolerate this new little human, but wasn’t quick to give away his high position.

Sophie’s third birthday was about to be celebrated, and the family had gathered presents. We were all busy getting the party ready when we heard the sharp cry from Sophie. Instantly, a half dozen adults moved as one and found Sophie sitting on the ground crying. She might have fallen off the seat of her well-decorated chair. We picked her up, comforted her and dried her tears. Finally, she settled like a queen on the royal throne of the birthday girl.

Nine years later, we went camping. Around the campfire, Sam spoke. He spoke of the agony he had been feeling for almost a decade. With a deep sigh, he shared his secret. During Sophie’s 3-year-old birthday, a fire of jealousy came from the proud and depressive guy when his position had been taken away by Sophie. He had waited for his moment. And then it came as Sophie was going to sit on her birthday chair. How he delighted in hearing the sound of his competitor hitting on the floor and crying. Sam really apologized then; his voice was soft and sincere.

Though Sam was seven, he was old enough to feel jealous of his cousin and played his hoax.

As he grew older, he realized his mistake, and eventually apologized and laid his burden down.

1. What made Sam dislike Sophie at first?

A．His room’s being shared with Sophie.	B．Sophie’s ability of reciting poems.
C．Sophie’s remarkable intelligence.	D．His high position’s being threatened.

2. Why did Sophie cry on her birthday in the author’s family’s opinion?

A．Sam frightened her by shouting.	B．Sam envied and didn’t care about her.
C．She fell down from the chair.	D．She had a quarrel with Sam.

3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “hoax” in paragraph 5?

A．Role.

B．Trick.

C．Game.

D．Secret.

4. How did Sam feel after he shared his secret?

A．Ashamed and relaxed.

B．Calm and peaceful.

C．Guilty and regretful.

D．Relieved but painful.