1 . Before the Internet age, critical thinking was the most important skill of people. But in the digital age, according to Anastasia Kozyreva, a famous psychologist, a more important skill is critical ignoring..
As researchers point out, we live in an attention economy where content producers on the Internet compete for our attention. They attract us with many eye-catching stories while providing little useful information, so they can expose us to profit-generating advertisements. Therefore, we are not customers but products, and each link we click is a sale of our time and attention. To protect ourselves from this, Kozyreva advocates (提倡) for learning the skill of critical ignoring, in which readers can control their information environment to reduce exposure to raise information.
According to Kozyreva, critical ignoring includes three strategies. The first is to design our environments, which includes removing low-quality yet hard-to-resist (难以抵制的) information from around. Successful dieters need to keep unhealthy food out of their homes. Similarly, we need to set up a digital environment where attention-grabbing items are kept out of sight. Like dieting, if one tries to depend on willpower not to click eye-catching "news", he'll surely fail. So, it's better to keep them out of sight at first!
The next is to evaluate the reliability (可靠性) of information, whose purpose is to protect you from false information. It can be realized by checking the source in the mainstream, news agencies, which are trustworthy.
The last is: "never feed the trolls." Trolls are some people who spread false information online to cause harm. Do not correct them, because they do not care about whether the information is correct. Annoying others is their goal. So, never respond to their bad behaviour with our attention.
By using the above critical ignoring skills, we can make the most of the Internet while avoiding falling victim to those who try to control our attention, time, and minds.
1. What can we learn about the attention economy from paragraph 2?| A．It offers more information. | B．It features depressing stories. |
| C．It saves time for Internet users. | D．It seeks profits from each click. |
| A．To discuss the quality of information. | B．To prove the benefits of healthy food. |
| C．To show the importance of environments. | D．To explain the effectiveness of willpower. |
| A．Review their intention. | B．Turn a deaf ear to them.. |
| C．Correct their behaviour. | D．Send hard facts to them. |
| A．Reasons for critical thinking in the attention economy. |
| B．Practising the skills of critical ignoring in the digital age. |
| C．Maximizing the benefits of critical ignoring on the Internet. |
| D．Strategies of abandoning critical thinking for Internet users. |
2 . “How did you publish so much as an immigrant (移民) ?”
From early on I wanted to pursue an
Still, the paper was rejected (拒绝) from three journals and I was getting rejected by more Ph. D programs. But I didn’t give up.
Learning how my professor
As my Ph. D program neared its end, my publication record made me stand out and improved my confidence during job
| A．Arguing | B．Realizing | C．Predicting | D．Declaring |
| A．show | B．teach | C．land | D．ask |
| A．secret | B．response | C．comment | D．truth |
| A．original | B．unusual | C．academic | D．impossible |
| A．turned down | B．sent in | C．given up | D．put off |
| A．applicant | B．athlete | C．employer | D．editor |
| A．offered | B．happened | C．expected | D．struggled |
| A．pleased | B．annoyed | C．determined | D．worried |
| A．Meanwhile | B．Instead | C．Besides | D．Therefore |
| A．appeared | B．suffered | C．mattered | D．differed |
| A．recorded | B．began | C．taught | D．approached |
| A．confident | B．anxious | C．silent | D．honest |
| A．scores | B．publications | C．measures | D．recommendations |
| A．researches | B．titles | C．cuts | D．interviews |
| A．supporter | B．overseer | C．outsider | D．professor |
4 . Ever thought making a baby cry or even chasing after cheese would become a widely celebrated festival? Check out the most unusual, unique festivals from around the world.
Las Bolas de Fuego, El SalvadorEach year on 31st August, residents of Nejapa gather around to throw fireballs in memory of the 1658 El Playon volcanic eruption. Participants divide themselves into two teams to paint their faces like skulls and begin the festival by throwing fireballs at each other. Though dangerous, Las Bolas de Fuego has been running for more than 100 years now.
Viewing: Free Entry
Underwater Music Festival, FloridaFlorida Underwater Music Festival held in July has been running for more than 25years, welcoming divers all over the world with the aim to create awareness for coral preservation. The event houses ocean-themed songs streaming live from underwater speakers along with musician-divers playing odd instruments giving a visual treat for all.
Participation: Ticketed Event
Boryeong Mud Festival, South Korea200 kilometres from Seoul, Boryeong is widely popular for its mud. cosmetics (化妆品). What began as marketing event in 1998 later turned into a famous festival, drawing in millions of visitors every year. The annual festival held in July runs ten days straight housing a series of activities such as mud pools, mudslides and mud skiing.
Participation: Ticketed Event
Lopburi Monkey Banquet, ThailandWith the aim to bring good luck to the area and its people, the Lopburi Province prepares a grand feast made up of 4,000 kilograms of fruits and vegetables that feed 2,000-3,000 macaque monkeys every year. The festival first occurred in 1989, run by a local businessman who thought of this unique way to pay gratitude to monkeys and also bring in tourism — luckily for him and the monkeys, it worked!
Viewing: Free Entry
1. How do people in Nejapa celebrate Las Bolas de Fuego?| A．By painting volcanoes. |
| B．By throwing fireballs. |
| C．By running races. |
| D．By making faces. |
| A．It has various themes of music. |
| B．It treats visitors to sea food. |
| C．It is held in the water. |
| D．It is free of charge. |
| A．They are held in autumn. |
| B．They boost local tourism. |
| C．They last for a whole week. |
| D．They charge no entrance fees. |
5 . Learn to Cite Sources (引用资料)
During your university education, you’ll meet new ideas and new challenges. Among them, the academic challenge you face is to make something original.
Correctly citing your sources helps you distinguish (区分) your own ideas from other scholars’. For, readers, it allows a reader to determine the depth of your research.
So you need to learn when to cite and how to provide an accurate (准确的) reference list. If you fail to cite your sources, whatever reasons, you will be found responsible for plagiarism (抄袭).
| A．Some university students may cheat in different ways. |
| B．These include using other scholars’ ideas, figures and so on. |
| C．That means you should go beyond what you learn in your textbooks. |
| D．Make sure that you really understand the academic regulations clearly. |
| E．Often, students want to use others’ opinions to support their own essays. |
| F．It also allows a reader to appreciate your original contribution to the research. |
| G．For international students it is important to know local academic expectations. |
Shelly was a teenage girl full of energy and curiosity. She found herself in a familiar yet exciting situation as New Year’s Eve drew near. Her parents, busy doctors in the emergency department, were eager to spend the festive occasion with family at her grandparents’ house. Jason and Judy, Shelly’s loving grandparents, were excited to host the joyous celebration.
In the midst of the busy preparations, Shelly found herself alone in the attic(阁楼) , filled with old trunks and forgotten relics. As she searched through the dusty relics in the attic, her eyes caught a bronze item among the forgotten treasures. It was a Scout badge(童子军徽章) , her father’s from his youthful days as a Scout. This badge held a profound meaning, symbolizing her father’s adventurous spirit and dedication to service.
Eager to share her find, Shelly carefully put the badge into her pocket and rejoined the celebration. As the evening progressed, she proudly showed off the badge to her friends in the neighborhood, sharing tales of her father’s Scouting adventures. However, time flew by with laughter and joy. It was then that the badge slipped unnoticed from her grasp, disappearing into the dark night.
Panic stricken and heartbroken, Shelly quickly searched for the lost badge, checking every corner she had been. But the badge was nowhere to be found. Tears streamed down her face as she knew how disappointed her father would be if he knew she had lost his precious Scout badge. The loss of the badge was not just a physical loss, but a symbol of the connection she felt with her father and his past. Shelly’s world felt incomplete, and she prayed that somehow, she would find the badge and restore the broken bond. She decided to search the neighborhood again.
注意：1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
But as time passed, Shelly’s hope of finding the badge began to fade.
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Together, father and daughter set out for the search.
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1．活动目的；
2．活动内容；
3．发出邀请。
注意：
1．字数80词左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Clement,
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Yours,
Li Hua
Tianshui, a small town in Northwest China’s Gansu Province, has recently gained great
However, the local spicy hot pot restaurants also provide dinners with
9 . In a highly technical world, there is something quite magical about the timelessness of the public library. And the impact and importance of libraries extends across decades, centuries even, dating back to 4th century BC in Athens.
A study by Pew Research Center found that 94% of Americans agreed that having a public library improves the quality of life in a community, and 95% said that libraries give everyone a chance to succeed and promote a love for reading.
Libraries promote education.
Beyond the free access to books and computers, many libraries also offer valuable services including tutoring, learning camps, and homeschooling resources. Many libraries host STEAM events for kids where they get to experience life as an astronaut, learning about the solar system and working together to build robotic, space-related projects.
Libraries build a sense of community.
Original documents are digitized and maintained at libraries. This helps preserve the nation’s cultural heritage, as well as provide an opportunity to better understand others’ points of view. If you ever get the chance, visit the New York Public Library to explore its database of over 1,800 newspapers, magazines, and journals, all published between 1740 and 1940.
| A．Libraries preserve history. |
| B．Libraries restore valuable documents. |
| C．Also they can work well for homeschooling families. |
| D．But the impact of public libraries is greater than expected. |
| E．Libraries are gaining popularity among young people today. |
| F．Libraries can break down barriers and bring people together. |
| G．Over time, libraries have developed into what we know them as today. |
10 . When we think about what makes humans different from other animals, the word “conscience” often appears. Conscience is the feeling you get when you assess (评估) if you’ve done something “correct” or “wrong”. It is with the help of our conscience that we understand the moral principles we hold. This motivates us to act on them and therefore helps us assess our character and behavior. Eventually, it helps us judge ourselves against those principles, in terms of how well we follow them. Accordingly, you avoid certain desires (i. e., eating in class) and follow the behavior that is considered correct or “right” (paying attention to what the teacher is teaching) .
Consciousness, on the other hand, reflects how aware you are of your surroundings. A good way to understand this is to think of the human mind as an iceberg, as proposed by Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The part of the iceberg on the surface represents your conscious awareness. It refers to all the things you are aware of and can easily describe. For instance, right now, while reading this article, your conscious mind is helping you make connections. The deeper level of the iceberg is your unconscious mind. It refers to aspects that you are unaware of, including your fears, violent motives, and strong desires that are hard to describe.
Many researchers, like Freud, propose that morality or conscience develops when a child internalizes (内在化) the rules that their, parents set when the child was growing up. However, some psychologists, like Paul Bloom, argue that morality is something we are all born with. Bloom argues that all babies are born with a sense of fairness. The claim came from studies of adopted children with genes, who were twins and separated at birth. If they possessed the “gene” to be kind, they would continue to be kind, despite being brought up in different family environments.
So, which opinion is true? We truly don’t know. While there is more evidence in the studies claiming that conscience is developed through learning and socialization, the newer ideas of it being genetically acquired from birth look promising as well!
1. What is a function of conscience?| A．It motivates us to act quickly. |
| B．It keeps record of our behavior. |
| C．It assesses our moral principles. |
| D．It helps us tell right from wrong. |
| A．You apply what you learn to practice. |
| B．You appreciate the beauty of poetry. |
| C．You have a fear of public speaking. |
| D．You describe violent scenes in a book. |
| A．Genes affect kids’ consciousness. |
| B．Kids acquire conscience with age. |
| C．Genetic studies promote his theory. |
| D．Parents should set strict rules for kids. |
| A．New theory uncovers the secret of our mind |
| B．What helps tell human being from animals? |
| C．Is conscience gained at birth or with age? |
| D．Consciousness improves our moral level |
