1 . When it came to moral reasoning, we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational (理智的). But ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a millennium without _________. Times up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often _________.

Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they study the so-called trolley problem. Suppose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will _________ unless you pull a lever (杠杆) that pushes it onto another track— where, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: _________ the loss of life — a “utillitarian” (功利主义的) goal as philosopher put it — is the thing to do.

But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the track — a _________ whose body will bring the trolley to a stop before it hits the others. It’s still a one-for-five _________ and you still initiate the action that dooms the one. _________, now you are more directly involved; most people say it would be wrong to do this trade off. Why? According to Greene’s brain scans, the second situation more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to _________ than does the leve-pulling situation. Apparently, the intuitive hesitation of giving someone a deadly push is more _________ than the hesitation to a deadly lever pull.

Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional __________ compete for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second situation the emotions are usually strong enough to win.

And when they lose, it is only after a tough __________ process. The few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering (死) a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other __________.

Princeton philosopher Peter Singer argues that we should __________ our moral intutions (本能) and ask whether that logic deserves respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “__________” — such as sympathy that moves toward relatives and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering we could cheaply relieve? Isn’t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? In the absence of a tough decision-making process, reason may indeed be a(n) “__________ of the passion.”

1.

A．comprehension

B．hesitation

C．resolution

D．imagination

2.

A．diverse

B．generous

C．passive

D．decisive

3.

A．die

B．continue

C．hesitate

D．escape

4.

A．respecting

B．minimizing

C．investigating

D．maximizing

5.

A．referee

B．counselor

C．criminal

D．bystander

6.

A．proportion

B．deal

C．loss

D．gain

7.

A．Likewise

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

8.

A．imagination

B．reason

C．emotion

D．belief

9.

A．polite

B．religious

C．professional

D．intense

10.

A．concerns

B．efforts

C．bonds

D．therapies

11.

A．self-serving

B．decision-making

C．problem-solving

D．truth-seeking

12.

A．innocents

B．barriers

C．examples

D．accidents

13.

A．follow

B．spread

C．examine

D．ignore

14.

A．selfless

B．self-restraint

C．self-deceptive

D．selfish

15.

A．master

B．advocate

C．slave

D．protester

2 . Mrs. Thompson最近在与女儿的相处中有点麻烦，母女经常争吵，请你以Mrs. Thompson的名义给苏州中学心理学社团发邮件寻求帮助。内容包括：
1、孩子发育很快，身体出现了某些变化，如皮肤油腻、出现红点等；
2、为了减肥，经常不吃早餐；
3、孩子情绪焦躁，缺乏自信，不听安慰，不想求医。
注意：
1、词数120字左右；
2、可适当增加某些细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear President,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Mrs. Thompson

3 . 上次考试中李华的几位同学因为作弊考得比他好，而李华的父母只关心分数，对他的成绩不满意，为此他很苦恼，请你写一封E-mail安慰李华。
内容包括：
1. 考试作弊（cheating in the examinations）的危害；
2. 和父母多交流，尽可能得到他们的理解；
3. 其他建议。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 作文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；
4.开头不计入总词数。
Dear Li Hua,

I’m glad that you didn’t cheat in examinations.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely ,

Wang Lei

4 . “I’m going to tell you a story,” I tell my class of high school seniors. “It’s a tale about love. And heart-break. And embarrassment.”

Their eyes widen. I ________ my throat. “In sixth grade,” I begin, “I fell madly in love. His name was David. He was tall, ________, kind of a bad boy—which I found fascinating. Unfortunately he had no interest in me at all. So it was Valentine’s Day. That day as I spilled my Valentine cards onto my desk, and among many small ________, I saw an enormous one, decorated beautifully. My mind ________:‘Who could it be from?’ With trembling hands, I ________ open the envelope and out fell an image of a queen, the heading of which ________, ‘To a Queen of a Valentine.’”

I give the class a ________ look. “I turned the valentine(情人卡) over, and at the bottom I saw the ________ and almost fainted: David. Then my eyes ________ up to the writing above his signature. It said, ‘To the Ugliest Girl in Our Class.’”

“Well, it ________ Valentine’s Day for me. It shook what little ________ I had in myself for a long time after. But I ________. And now I refuse to give up this holiday of love to the meanness of one ________ boy.” I smile. “And that’s why we’re going to have a party. A party that ________ kindness instead of cruelty.”

Their eyes ________. They are willing to let me take them ________ I am going. I hand out some paper so they can make cards. “Now please write something positive and sincere to everyone in the class. Even if it’s someone you ________ know, there’s always something nice to say.”

All these years, I’ve made it a routine in each of my class. After 20 years of teaching, I________few hopes that students will ________ all of the grammar or vocabulary I taught them. But if all a student ________ of one of my classes are the valentines they received one long-ago February, to me that makes it all worthwhile.

1.

A．cleaned

B．cleared

C．calculate

D．command

2.

A．cute

B．mean

C．worthy

D．generous

3.

A．cards

B．pockets

C．notes

D．envelopes

4.

A．stopped

B．raced

C．jumped

D．thought

5.

A．tore

B．spilled

C．scratched

D．intended

6.

A．read

B．wrote

C．sang

D．decorated

7.

A．excited

B．meaningful

C．shy

D．embarrassing

8.

A．image

B．cover

C．envelope

D．signature

9.

A．ran

B．floated

C．traveled

D．removed

10.

A．made

B．ruined

C．lighted

D．became

11.

A．love

B．faith

C．friendship

D．kindness

12.

A．stood

B．survived

C．witnessed

D．upgraded

13.

A．rotten

B．smart

C．imaginative

D．permanent

14.

A．remains

B．receives

C．celebrates

D．congratulates

15.

A．go up

B．narrow up

C．close up

D．light up

16.

A．whether

B．however

C．whenever

D．wherever

17.

A．barely

B．likely

C．nearly

D．narrowly

18.

A．accept

B．enjoy

C．harbor

D．welcome

19.

A．repeat

B．remind

C．remain

D．remember

20.

A．informs

B．favors

C．recalls

D．engages

5 . We have lost the art of the unsent angry letter, says a recent New York Times column.

The writer, Maria Konnikova, says that many famous people had the habit of writing letters expressing their _________ towards their receivers and then destroying the letters. Whenever former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln felt the _________ to tell someone off, he would compose what he called a “hot letter.” He would vent (发泄) all of his anger into a note, put it aside until his emotions _________. And then he would write on the letter, “Never sent. Never signed.”

Konnikova says that the unsent angry letter used to be a tradition among public figures who needed to think twice about their choice of _________. Former U.S. President Harry S. Truman, former U.K. Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and American author Mark Twain all wrote unsent angry letters.

There are two _________ of the unsent letter, says Konnikova. “It serves as a type of emotional _________, a way to let it all out without incurring the negative aftereffects of actual _________. And it acts as a(n)_________ exercise, and exercise in saying what you really think.”

In the social media age, we have more channels to _________ immediate displeasure than ever before. Venting our ____________ feelings is easy, but it also means that we give up the chance to think twice and to act differently.

When Lincoln wanted to write his “hot letter,” he had to find a pen and a piece of paper. That process alone provided time to determine if his anger should be ____________ or be kept quiet. Now we need only to click a button to send our ____________ and hurtful words on their way. In the heat of the moment, says Konnikova, “We find the line between a(n)____________ response and one that needs a cooling-off period.” We have ____________ a buffer zone (缓冲带) to determine what needs to be said and what needs to only be felt. Perhaps that’s why we see so much anger and hatred online. Because it is so easy to create them in order to vent our feelings, we end up receiving less ____________ from the experience, and, as a result, we feel the need to do it more often to make up for this shortage. When your emotions never quite cool, they keep coming out in other ways.

1.

A．dissatisfaction

B．happiness

C．gratitude

D．confusion

2.

A．honor

B．cost

C．urge

D．opportunity

3.

A．blew up

B．cooled down

C．burned up

D．moved on

4.

A．pens

B．words

C．papers

D．emotions

5.

A．benefits

B．problems

C．qualities

D．types

6.

A．intelligence

B．suppression

C．release

D．support

7.

A．action

B．engagement

C．participation

D．exercise

8.

A．strategic

B．physical

C．psychological

D．academic

9.

A．express

B．cause

C．hide

D．use

10.

A．optimistic

B．guilty

C．negative

D．curious

11.

A．voiced

B．aroused

C．felt

D．controlled

12.

A．praises

B．requests

C．comments

D．complaints

13.

A．imperfect

B．appropriate

C．rapid

D．natural

14.

A．left

B．entered

C．created

D．lost

15.

A．practice

B．feedback

C．satisfaction

D．support

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Caneze and her parents moved to the United Sates when she was only two years old and they haven't visited their motherland for ten years. Last month, Caneze's grandfather came to see them, and the family threw a big party. But Caneze didn't spend much time with him that day. He didn't speak English,so how could she have any sort of conversation with him? Caneze spent most of that day in the study room,texting her best friend, Maya, and watching her cousins play video games. There was a huge art competition coming up at school,and Caneze and Maya were planning to compete.

“I wish you'd spent time with your grandfather instead of your phone, Caneze,” Mom said one day on the way home.

“But I don't even know him,” Caneze said, “and he doesn't speak any English. How could I talk to him?”

“And you don't speak any Ukrainian(乌克兰语), Caneze, but he'd love to get to know you. I think you may find that you two have a lot in common. ”

Two weeks later, Caneze came home from school in the afternoon to find her grandfather sitting at the kitchen table chatting with Mom happily. On the table sat some books. The old man smiled warmly at Caneze, and she smiled back as she sat down at the table. As Grandpa and Mom spoke in Ukrainian, Caneze let her mind wander. As the art competition was around the corner,

Maya and she had to be quick for their project. Suddenly, an idea for a picture came to her, so she fetched her sketchbook. Sitting at the table, she sketched while the adults talked. Then Caneze heard Mom say, “I have to run out for a few minutes. You can stay here with Grandpa. ”

Caneze suddenly felt unsure and shy, what would the two of them talk about? “This is going to be awkward,” she thought as her mind was racing for an idea for this embarrassed moment. She gave Grandpa a polite smile and then returned to the lines and shapes she had drawn on the page.

Paragraph 1:

Suddenly she sensed Grandpa was watching her.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

“This is beautiful - I didn't know you were an artist,”Caneze said.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Shyness is normal and it is not considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Even the most confident people experienced being shy.     1    .

You probably are wondering why you are shy. It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events or incidents in the past may also lead to the reason why you are shy now.     2     Most shy people have shy parents and relatives and it is not surprising to find out that they too have become shy persons.

One of the negative sides of being shy is having the tendency to be passive. Most of the time shy people can’t stand up for themselves and what they believe is right.     3    This apparently influences their social life as well as work, family and other aspects of their life.

While shyness has negative aspects, it has positive sides. Shy people are usually good observers and do not get themselves into too much trouble because they try to observe their environment or any situation before they act.     4     They can also make great friends. Since they have difficulties in social scenes, making friends seems to be a must. Therefore, they value their friends wholeheartedly and have proven to be loyal and thoughtful friends.

    5     Some of them born with shy parents have successfully battled against being shy. This contributes to their constant self-improvement, developing self-esteem and trying to be exposed to new environments.

A．But in most cases, shyness proves to be genetic.

B．They are sensitive and accustomed to getting suspicious.

C．Because some people are born to be shy, they let it go hang.

D．So if you’re feeling shy, don’t worry because you are not alone.

E．They are not hot-headed and think twice before making any decisions.

F．Although shyness is something from birth, it can be improved over time.

G．They avoid crowds by nature and stay away from groups and social interactions.

8 . Job interviews, exams, medical tests—we’ve all waited and worried over the results. Some lucky people can wait without much worrying. Many of us, however, get anxious awaiting the outcome.

Kate Sweeny, a professor of psychology at University of California Riverside, studies these differences in waiting behavior. In her latest study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, she and a colleague studied 50 law school graduates waiting for the results of the California Bar Exam (律师资格考试). They took detailed surveys about the participants' self-esteem, how well they managed uncertainty, and whether they were more optimistic or pessimistic (悲观的). They also looked at how participants managed expectations and handled stress.

Not surprisingly, they found that an optimistic outlook and being more comfortable with   uncertainty made waiting less stressful. It didn't matter whether the participants reported high self-esteem or not. What mattered most was whether they expected the best.

“I was surprised,” says Sweeny.

Also interesting was that people changed as they got closer to learning the results. At first,it was harder for all of the participants to distract themselves, and all of them—even optimists—became more pessimistic as time went on.

Expecting bad news and preparing for failure may not relieve anxiety while waiting, but later on, it gives people a sense of control over their futures.

Similarly, it’s important that people don’t attach to much of themselves to the result. “If you convince yourself the bar exam is... just a silly exam you have to take and doesn’t reflect on your or your abilities, that... might help you .. if the news is bad,” she says.

Worriers can take comfort, however. Sweeny found that participants who suffered more stress were better at receiving even bad news. Indeed, those who had more anxiety while waiting for their bar exam results were more likely to turn around and start studying again if they failed.

Sweeny is recently studying the effects of mindfulness meditation (正念冥想) for those who are absorbed in results, as it helps people control their thoughts and emotions. The technique is perfect for this situation, she says. Waiting will never be easy, but having something under your control could make it more acceptable.

1. What did Sweeny find about her participants?

A．Law school students found it more difficult to accept failure.

B．The longer they waited, the less worried they seemed to be.

C．Positive people felt less stressed while waiting for their results.

D．Those with high expectations before the tests were more likely to fail.

2. What would Sweeney probably suggest to those who are waiting nervously?

A．Keep hoping for the best.

B．Always prepare for the worst.

C．Do not focus on the results.

D．Take the results as judgments on your abilities

3. Which participants were more likely to try again after failure?

A．Those who felt more anxious while waiting.

B．Those who were comfortable with uncertainty.

C．Those who had a sense of control over their failure.

D．Those who often practiced mindfulness meditation.

9 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When I was ten years old, I was a grade four primary school student in a small town. I had a happy time at school because I had a few good friends there. We usually spent our spare time together, doing our homework, going to the amusement park, playing with our pets, and sharing our happiness and sorrows together. But everything changed when my parents decided to change their jobs and moved to a bigger city. I even had no time to say good-bye to my old friends and teachers.

As I moved to the new city, I began my school life in a totally new school with new surroundings, new teachers and new classmates. During the first week, I felt lonely when I was at school. My classmates knew each other, but they didn’t know me, which added to my loneliness and sadness. That week day after day, I was sitting on my seat, pretending to be reading. How I secretly wished that someone would come to me and introduce himself to me or even play a trick on me, but disappointingly, nobody came.

Then one day, when my parents sent me to the bus station and said good bye to me, I didn’t get on the bus to school as usual. Instead, I walked and walked on the street, looking at the beautiful window displays and forgetting everything, with no worry about the new school, new teachers and new classmates. Then my empty stomach stopped me and I used my pocket money to have a bowl of noodles in a small restaurant. It was noon at the time, but still I didn’t want to go to school or go home. So I went to a park and sat on the bench, staring at the sky. And then I had a nap. When I woke up, I decided to go back to my hometown, where my former teachers and friends lived. So I went to the railway station. There I was stopped by a policeman, who asked for my ID card, which I didn’t have at the time. Then the policeman called someone and I was asked to stay with him.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

An hour later, I found my parents running towards me .

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The next day, when I was sent to school by my parents, I was afraid I would be punished.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________