1 . Self-control is the ability to regulate and adjust responses in order to avoid undesirable behaviors, increase desirable ones, and achieve long-term goals. Common goals such as losing weight, exercising regularly, eating healthy food, giving up bad habits, and saving money are just a few worthwhile ambitions that people believe require self-control.
One 2011 survey conducted by the American Psychological Association found that 27 percent of subjects identified a lack of willpower as the primary factor keeping them from reaching their goals. Researchers have found that people who have better self-control tend to be healthier and happier. In one experiment, students who exhibited greater self-control had better grades and higher test scores, and were more likely to be admitted to a competitive academic program. The study also found that when it came to academic success, self-control was a more important factor than IQ scores.
The psychologist Walter Mischel conducted famous experiments in 1975 that were related to delayed gratification. In these experiments, children were offered a choice: they could choose to eat one treat right away, usually a cookie or a candy or they could wait for a brief period of time in order to get two treats. At this point, the researcher would leave the child alone in a room with a single treat. Not surprisingly, many of the kids chose to eat the single treat the moment the experimenters left the room. However, some of the kids were able to wait for the second treat.
Based on his research, Mischel proposed what he referred to as a “hot-and-cool” system to explain the ability to delay gratification. The hot system refers to the part of our willpower that is emotional and impulsive (冲动的) and urges us to act upon our desires. The cool system is the part of our willpower that is rational (理性的) and thoughtful, and enables us to consider the consequences of our actions in order to resist our impulses.
Self-control is an important skill that allows us to regulate behavior in order to achieve our long-term goals. Research has shown that self-control is not only important for goal attainment, and people with greater willpower also tend to do better on all sides.
1. What kind of students does the author think will most probably do best in studies?| A．Those having the highest IQ scores. |
| B．Those respecting the teacher most. |
| C．Those having the greatest willpower. |
| D．Those performing most actively in class. |
| A．Effect. | B．Competition. | C．Hardship. | D．Enjoyment. |
| A．Few children could get two treats. |
| B．Not all the kids were short of patience. |
| C．Most of the children ate another treat. |
| D．Self-control is very important for one’s future. |
| A．Consuming plenty of sweet food. |
| B．Staying up late at night often. |
| C．Copying others’ homework. |
| D．Quitting drinking high-sugar drinks. |
2 . When Shakespeare called a good night’s rest the “cure of hurt minds,” he was really onto something. According to a recent survey, “Most days or every day” in 2020, nearly 15 percent of American adults had trouble falling asleep in the previous month. So you’re a little sleepy — no big deal, right? Wrong. A 1999 article in the medical journal The Lancet showed and decades of research suggest that “sleep debt” can have significant harmful effects on your health.
Happiness is the first to suffer. Everyone knows what it feels like to run on insufficient (不足的) sleep — you can be foggy, inattentive, and bad-tempered. A paper published in the journal Health Psychology in 2020 found that the participants without enough sleep experienced a less positive mood when they came across quite ordinary stress, and smaller increases in positive mood from pleasant events. When lacking sleep, people felt annoyed more and easier, and things feel less fun.
More seriously, sleep loss can cause clinical depression and anxiety. In 2014, Australian scholars studying young women found that a year of frequent sleep difficulties predicted the onset of depression and anxiety in later years.
Some researchers have identified long-time sleep debt as a disease — insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS). Given the reported evidence for how widespread the syndrome is, it might even be classed as an epidemic. Although no study has yet established a connection, it seems reasonable to think about whether the long-term declines in American happiness and increases in social conflicts may be connected to loss of sleep.
Whether you are a sleep-deprived student, or workaholic, or just an old-fashioned insomniac (失眠症患者), attending to sleep is a critical strategy for health and happiness. And adjusting this aspect of your life could be one of the best things you do all year.
1. Why does the author mention Shakespeare?| A．To show Shakespeare’s wisdom. |
| B．To introduce the topic of sleep loss. |
| C．To highlight a serious health problem. |
| D．To give reported evidence of sleep debt. |
| A．It made people feel negative. | B．It led to poor eyesight. |
| C．It caused depression and anxiety. | D．It was not worth much concern. |
| A．Reduction of happiness is linked to sleep loss. |
| B．Long-term lack of sleep is not a disease. |
| C．Sleep debt might affect both individuals and the society. |
| D．Insufficient sleep syndrome is a recognized epidemic. |
| A．To confirm sleep loss is a disease. |
| B．To advocate getting sufficient sleep. |
| C．To tackle widespread sleep problem. |
| D．To prove happiness suffers from sleep debt. |
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________When I left for the United States to study, I had butterflies in my stomach. My mind was full of
It was
5 . A little boy told his mother that there was a teacher-parent meeting in his school. To the little boy’s
At the meeting, the people were
The teacher asked
The mother replied, “When my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of
At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and appreciated her great
| A．enjoyment | B．disappointment | C．surprise | D．sorrow |
| A．sick | B．ashamed | C．afraid | D．tired |
| A．included | B．passed | C．covered | D．shaded |
| A．talk about | B．think about | C．care about | D．bring about |
| A．impressed | B．shocked | C．excited | D．comforted |
| A．in honor of | B．in spite of | C．instead of | D．because of |
| A．hid | B．protected | C．separated | D．escaped |
| A．understood | B．reminded | C．heard | D．learned |
| A．carefully | B．angrily | C．nervously | D．anxiously |
| A．control | B．order | C．danger | D．focus |
| A．helpless | B．hopeless | C．senseless | D．useless |
| A．hated | B．showed | C．wiped | D．touched |
| A．forgotten | B．recognized | C．considered | D．regretted |
| A．honour | B．spirit | C．happiness  | D．pride |
| A．quietly | B．slightly | C．tightly | D．suddenly |
6 . Nowadays, more people feel depressed because they do not see themselves as happy. They don’t remember or know what it feels like. Instead, they feel guilty that they aren’t as happy as everyone says they should be.
The books, blogs, You Tube videos and advice columns (专栏) will tell you if you read, exercise, write journals, stay busy, help others, then you too can be happy.
The simple truth is that no one can be happy all the time.
I find contentment in walks, writing and talking with my partner and reminding each other that our life is good, despite difficult or scary moment. I can soften my reactions and respond differently.
Even though things around me now are a little out of control, I understand such is life.
| A．I quite know about myself |
| B．Thus I’m still feeling pretty good |
| C．This is really a sad state of emotional affairs |
| D．But you can find a middle ground called contentment |
| E．Doing this takes away stress and will keep my state of contentment |
| F．Contentment is some place between satisfied and peaceful |
| G．That doesn’t mean you have to be sad, angry, or depressed the rest of the time |
7 . We are all social emotional beings and throughout our lives, we will continue to shape our behaviors and relationships. However, for lifelong well-being, the development of social emotional skills should be shaped wisely as a child opens its eyes to the world. Here are some strategic actions that will help you guide your child in improving their social emotional learning skills.
Identify with your children’s feelings. Instead of saying “Stop shouting and calm down, it’s not a big deal” try to say “I know you are really angry right now but we can talk about it.”
Give your kid some space and let them experience uncomfortable feelings. Everyone feels alone or bored sometimes.
Accept emotions & correct behaviors. It’s okay to feel angry sometimes. Eventually, we need to feel that anger in some specific situations.
Support other cognitive (认知的) skills.
Every parent should keep in mind that all kids can shape and develop their social and emotional skills differently. Trying to find ways that suit your kids’ needs, interests and according to learning styles is always a better solution than blaming yourself or the kids.
| A．Cognitive skills can only be obtained from classroom learning. |
| B．Define and put into words your children’s emotions. |
| C．However, it is never acceptable to show aggressive (攻击的) behaviors. |
| D．Teach them how to deal with those feelings instead of avoiding them. |
| E．This way you can show them that it’s sometimes okay to have strong feelings. |
| F．Social emotional learning also improves students’ attitudes towards school. |
| G．Improving mathematical and problem-solving skills will also support children’s social emotional development. |
8 . Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad, angry or surprised is key to getting along with others. But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people’s feelings may sometimes come with stress, challenging the popular view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.
In the study, psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked 166 male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence. For example, they showed the students photographs of people’s faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed. The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions. The scientists measured concentrations of stress hormones (荷尔蒙) in the students’ saliva (唾液) before and after the talk.
In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent, the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline. The findings suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good, says Bechtoldt, “Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,” she notes.
Indeed, the study adds to previous research implying a dark side of emotional intelligence. A study published in 2002 in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally intelligent people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness. Furthermore, several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains.
More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels. Nevertheless, emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have, as long as you learn to also properly cope with emotions — both others’ and your own, says Bechtoldt. For example, some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people’s sadness or anger, which ultimately stresses them out. Remember, as Bechtoldt says, “You are not responsible for how other people feel.”
1. What was the purpose of Myriam Bechtoldt’s experiment?| A．To define different types of human feelings. |
| B．To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever. |
| C．To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings. |
| D．To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence. |
| A．Emotional intelligence helps in job interviews. |
| B．Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble. |
| C．High emotional intelligence may cause suffering. |
| D．Psychological wellbeing is related to various factors. |
| A．Transform. | B．Control. | C．Challenge. | D．Shelter. |
| A．Shake off their worries over public affairs. |
| B．Learn to cope with people’s negative feelings. |
| C．Help people to deal with their troubles in life. |
| D．Avoid burdening themselves with others’ feelings. |
| A．He has to prepare for a game. |
| B．He failed to win a contest. |
| C．He dislikes watching movies. |
1.感谢宇航员们的精彩授课；
2.观看太空授课后的收获和感想(对太空科学认识，对太空探索以及对中国航天事业的发展进步等方面)；
3.祝愿宇航员凯旋归来。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear astronauts,
I’m Li Hua from Xinhua Middle School. I am writing to
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
