1. What does “toxicity” refer to?
| A．Harmful chemicals. | B．Anything too much. | C．Negative thoughts. |
| A．Nutrients. | B．Change. | C．Self-love. |
| A．It leads to physical pain. | B．It results in a bad smell. | C．It causes emotional stress. |
| A．At a cafe. | B．In a classroom. | C．In a studio. |
1. What is the matter with Mr. Smith?
| A．He is unqualified for his job. |
| B．His leg is broken. |
| C．He got a sore throat. |
| A．Chinese. | B．English. | C．Physics. |
| A．He has to help his students prepare for the exam. |
| B．He has trouble sleeping. |
| C．He wants to visit a friend. |
3 . Parkinson’s is a progressive brain disease which leads to shaky hands and slow movement, and there is no cure. Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese martial art that combines (结合) slow, gentle movements with deep breathing and relaxation, may be an effective means of reducing the suffering. Recently, the researchers say that those who practised the martial art twice a week had fewer complications (并发症) and better quality of life than those who didn’t. Experts say the findings back up previous studies on the benefits of exercise for those with Parkinson’s.
The study, from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, monitored the health of hundreds of Parkinson’s patients for up to five years. One group of 147 people practised regular Tai Chi while another group of 187 did not. The researchers found that the disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group on measurements of symptoms (症状), movement and balance. This group also saw fewer falls, less back pain and dizziness, with memory and concentration problems also lower than in the other group. At the same time, sleep and quality of life continuously improved.
Prof. Alastair Noyce, professor in neurology and neuroepidemiology at Queen Mary University of London, called it “an important study”—the positive effects on aspects of motor (运动的) and non-motor functions are impressive — but said there were limitations in its design, and more tests were needed.
“We already recommend Tai Chi, as well as other forms of exercise, but understanding which forms of exercise are most beneficial is an important goal to improve the long-term management of patients,” he said.
1. Why was the study conducted?| A．To find a cure for Parkinson’s disease. |
| B．To improve the sleep quality of Parkinson’s patients. |
| C．To remove the misunderstanding of the previous studies. |
| D．To research the benefits of Tai Chi for those with Parkinson’s. |
| A．Concentration problem was lower in the Tai Chi group. |
| B．The disease progressed more slowly in the Tai Chi group. |
| C．Patients in the non-Tai Chi group continuously fell down. |
| D．Back pain and dizziness were relieved in the Tai Chi group. |
| A．Tai Chi should be given more preference. |
| B．Finding the most beneficial exercise is of importance. |
| C．It is unnecessary to do more related studies. |
| D．Improve the long-term management of patients is impossible. |
| A．Confused. | B．Doubtful. | C．Positive. | D．Worried. |
4 . Scientists developed vaccines (疫苗)against a new disease in less than 12 months. And yet，18 months after the first of these vaccines, against COVID-19, were put on the market, just 15% of people in developing countries have been fully vaccinated. Such unfairness costs lives and uncovers a long-standing problem that some countries have been forced to depend on others for life-saving science and technology. It is unacceptable, for example, that in Africa, a continent of 54 independent countries and 1.2 billion people, 99% of vaccines are from other countries.
The World Health Organization (WHO)is searching for a way to get vaccines to more people more easily.Last year, the WHO started a program called the mRNA vaccine technology center. The goal of the program is to develop and produce mRNA vaccines and treatments(for COVID-19 and other diseases) in developing countries from the technology used in developed countries highly successful COVID-19 vaccines.
More importantly，the cooperation (合作)between universities and companies based in developing countries is needed to realize the goal. On July 8th,the USA National Institutes of Health, where much of the research on mRNA vaccines was carried out, joined this program to help build vaccine technology centers in developing countries.
Besides the necessity of fairness, outbreaks would end sooner if every country could depend on its own defence. As Larry Brilliant，a scientist of the US National Institutes of Health who helps wipe out smallpox(天花)，told Nature，“Fairness is often thought of as a burden(负担)，but it is a strategic need in the battle against COVID-19.”
1. Why does the author mention Africa in paragraph 1?| A．To lead in the topic. |
| B．To show the unfairness in vaccines. |
| C．To stress the importance of vaccines. |
| D．To say thanks to the help from developed countries. |
| A．To make more people in developing countries get vaccines. |
| B．To build up a center to attract experts in developing vaccines |
| C．To get the technology used in successful COVID-19 vaccines, |
| D．To strengthen the cooperation between universities and companies. |
| A．Fairness is a burden, so it is not necessary. |
| B．We’ll win the battle sooner if every country has its defence. |
| C．Fairness is necessary because it can stop COVID-19 from breaking out. |
| D．Wiping out smallpox is a strategic need in the battle against COVID-19. |
| A．Why fairness is necessary? |
| B．How did WHO start the program? |
| C．How did scientists develop vaccines? |
| D．Why is a vaccine center for developing countries a must? |
